Ursula Wastl
Inkomishi yekhofi njengengxenye yemisiko yasekuseni - ngokokuhlola - ngamaphesenti ama-60 kahle wabantu ekuqaleni kosuku olusha. Ukuthi ikhofi yokuhlunga noma i-espresso ithola imibuzo eminingi yokholo. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abayazi ukuthi ngaphandle kohlobo lokulungiselela, ukuvuna, ukugazinga namanzi afanele kubalulekile, kepha okokuqala ngqa ukuhlukahluka kanye nekhwalithi kabhontshisi. Ukukhetha kungakwenza ube iBarista, uchwepheshe wekhofi weqiniso.
Ngokombono wezitshalo, isihlahla sekhofi esomndeni wakwaRubiaceae, uhlobo lweCoffea, futhi sibala izinhlobo eziyi-124 ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, i-Arabica neRobusta bazimise njengezinhlobo zekhofi ezibaluleke kakhulu. I-Arabica imvamisa ithathwa njengehlobo lekhofi eliphakeme kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ubhontshisi wakho unokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-caffeine ne-chlorogenic acid ngakho-ke kunambitheka kahle. Yize kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubhontshisi wasezintabeni, kukhona namazwe lapho ungatholwa ezindaweni eziphakeme. Izinhlobo zeRobusta, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikhula ezindaweni eziphansi, ezishisayo futhi zizivikele ezilwaneni ezihlasela kakhulu ngokukhiqiza i-caffeine eyengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinye izinhlobo ezitshalwa ukuze zisetshenziselwe ukuhweba futhi ezifanele izidingo zendawo noma imikhiqizo ye-niche yabathandi bekhofi, kepha lezi zibamba iqhaza elingaphansi emakethe yomhlaba.
"Le potion kaSathane imnandi kakhulu kungaba yihlazo ukuyishiya kubantu abangakholwayo."
UPapa Clement VII
Ngokwesiko umuntu ukhuluma ngengxube yekhofi ne-Robusta share of (iningizimu) Italianxube. E-Italy, ikakhulukazi eningizimu, ubhontshisi oshibhile, ovame ukungabi namthetho uvame ukufakwa ezingxubevange ze-Arabica ezingafani ukunambitha ukunambitheka kwawo bese udala okhilimu ophelele. I-Robusta Bean inokushesha, inamandla ngokunambitheka futhi ikhiqiza okhilimu onamandla.
Izici ezinjengokushisa, imvula, ukuqina kwelanga kanye nekhwalithi yenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuvuna zithinta ukunambitheka. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuna kweminyaka ehlukile kusuka esifundeni esifanayo kungahluka ngokuhluka.
Izinhlobo eziningi zekhofi
• ILibhiya - Uhla lwemvelo lwezinhlobo lusezindaweni eziphansi zeNtshonalanga Afrika, kepha luyakhula naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Isitshalo esimelana kakhulu nokuqukethwe kwekhofi ephezulu.
• IStenophylla - Ikhula e-Ivory Coast, kepha manje isiyakhiwa eGhana naseNigeria. Idinga amanzi amancane futhi ayithunyelwanga eYurophu.
• I-Excelsa - Empeleni okuhlukile kwesibhontshisi saseLibya. Ikhula kahle enhlabathini eyomile. Ikhuliswe kakhulu eChad futhi ibalwa cishe ngamaphesenti ayisipesheli okukhiqizwa kwekhofi emhlabeni.
• I-Maragogype - Uma weqa ubhontshisi wesitshalo se-Arabica naleyo ye-cofia liberic, uzothola izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zeMaragogype. Lokhu kubonakaliswa yiphunga elimnene nokuqukethwe kwe-caffeine ephansi. Izindawo zokulima eziyinhloko yiNicaragua neMexico.
Umsuka Oyedwa - ukuhlanzeka kokuhlukahluka
Igama lesiNgisi elithi "Umsuka Oyedwa" libhekise kwimvelaphi yekhofi. Ukuze ikofi inikezwe lesi sihloko, wonke ubhontshisi wekhofi kumele aqhamuke esifundeni esifanayo futhi akumele angahlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zekhofi. Ikhofi livela endaweni, epulazini. Kuyafana newayini elinekhofi e-varietal: izici zokunambitheka ziphinyiselwa kakhulu futhi zihambelana ngqo nohlobo olulodwa, kanti "ukuxuba" - okufana ne-cuvée - kwakungu "pimped".
Ukunambitheka okuningi okuhlukahlukene kutholakala ngokuxubana. Ngokuhambisana nenhlanganisela ehlukahlukene kanye nokuxuba okuxhunyiwe, ukunambitheka okusha kuvela kaninginingi. Ulwanga lusukela kukashokoleti omnyama phezu kwamantongomane athosiwe kuya kwemajikijolo asehlathini.
Kubiza kakhulu ngokuvamile lawo mabhontshisi athengiswayo, ekudalweni komuntu isilwane sakhe sasinomdlalo. Ngakho-ke kukhona uhlobo olugayiwe futhi olucishwe yizinyoni ezinjengezinkukhu (iJacu). Kwenzeka into efana neKopi Luwak, etholakala ekumbeni kohlobo lwezinkukhu ezikhethiwe.
"Kimi yiyona enhle kakhulu endlini yekhofi. Awukho ekhaya futhi okwamanje awukho emoyeni omusha. "
Isifundi uPeter Altenberg
Ikhofi yawo wonke umuntu!
Sisenkabeni ye19. Ngekhulu le-19, ikhofi yayiwukunethezeka okwakungabiza kuphela i-aristocracy ne-bourgeoisie ephezulu. Namuhla, ubhontshisi oguquguqukayo uyindlela yawo wonke umuntu. Phakathi kwe-7,5 ne-8 izigidi zamathani wekhofi eyosiwe kudliwa emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka, i-Austria iba sesibili phakathi kweFinland neNorway ngokwesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa ngakunye. Ukuhlangabezana nalesisidingo esikhulu, ukulima nokusebenza manje sekuthuthukile kakhulu kwezimboni.
Ukubhonga kuyakwenza
Amakhekhe amaningi emikhiqizo enkulu asatshiswa ngenqubo eshisayo yomoya wemizuzu emibili kuya kwemihlanu ku-600 kuya ku-800 ° C. Kuze kufinyelele kuhafu wethofi lekhofi kungacutshungulwa ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ngasikhathi sinye. Ikhofi eshisayo bese ihlanganiswa namanzi. Ubhontshisi ubamba umswakama futhi, ukuze ukungena, okusho ukunciphisa isisindo sekhofi eluhlaza ngokugazinga, kuthintelwe. Kwabasunguli besitolo sekhofi esiku-inthanethi "I-Coffee Circle" (www.c coffeeecircle.com) inqubo enjalo iphuma embuzweni: "Ukuncipha kwesisindo esishibhile kusho ukuthi ubhontshisi wekhofi omncane ngepawundi ngalinye lekhofi liphumela ezindlekweni ezingaphansi nokunambitheka okuncane. Inqubo yokugaya umoya eshisayo iyinqubo eqhutshwa yizintshisekelo zezomnotho. Yize amakhofi amakhulu esitolo angathengiswa eshibhile ekugcineni kosuku, anambitheka okumunyu futhi akuqhathaniswa nalutho. "U-Oliver Götz noChristian Schrödl, abasunguli besitshalo sokubhaka ikhofi" i-Alt Wien "(www.altwien.at), bosa ubhontshisi wabo wekhofi besebenzisa enye indlela ehlukile, emnene: Inqubo yokuwosa ithatha phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-200 nengama-220, kuya ngohlobo lwekhofi. Ngemuva kwalokho ikhofi eliqediwe kufanele lizipholele ngesihlungo sokupholisa imizuzu eyishumi kuya kwengu-15 ngokunyakaza njalo ngaphambi kokuba likhishwe ematsheni nakwezinye izinto ezingcolile lapho kushaywa khona umshini ngomshini. "
Ngakho-ke i-roasting yisinyathelo sokugcina esibalulekile ekuvuseleleni ubhontshisi wekhofi, nokuphendula okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali okwenzekayo. Ama-asidi kanye nama-amino acid ayahlanganiswa futhi anikezwe ukunambitheka kwe-1000. UKatrin Engel weCofi Circle uyazi: "Ngisho nokuhambisana kwekhofi kuya ngohlobo nobude bokugazingiwe. Ama-acid anolaka ezithelo aqukethe ekhofi ancishiswa kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokugaya. Uma kubhekwa kakhulu ukufushiswa kwezimboni okufushane nokushisayo, lezi namanje zisalokhu zikubhontshisi wekhofi futhi kungaholela ekucasukeni kolwelwesi lwesisu esiswini. "
Kukhanya noma kumnyama?
Ukugcotshwa okulungile kubalulekile kumkhiqizo wokugcina endebeni. U-Oliver Götz: "Kugqamile futhi ikhofi liphenduka limuncu. Kumnyama kakhulu, futhi uyeva, ngoba onke ama-nuances entekenteke ayashiswa. Indlela yethu yokugaya ilele phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili ezesabisayo: sizama ukuthola isisekelo segolide phakathi kohlobo lokukhanyisa olukhanyayo, olusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Yurophu, eJalimane naseMelika futhi lukhiqiza ukukhanya kakhulu, ikofi likasawoti, kanye nohlobo oluseningizimu lwe-Italy, oluhlaza kakhulu okuvame ukudala imikhiqizo ebabayo, yokuphela yokushiswa. Sikholelwa ukuthi amakhofi ethu angakhula kahle. Kunzima ukuyifaka kumakhabethe, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi sithande i-Full City Roast. Ngakho-ke singakugwema ukuphazamisa i-acid ekhofi bese singayonakalisi imiqondo yokunambitha. "
Ikhofi eliphansi lisheshe liphelelwe iphunga. Lapha kungenzeka ukuthi kunomehluko, njengoba ikhofi lomhlabathi lingasasebenzi kahle ekulahlekelweni okusha kunaseSiebträgerzubereitung komhlaba, nokho elikhipha ikofi, ebelivele selisemhlabathini, iwashi lishesha ukwedlula ubhontshisi. Ngakho-ke: ungagcini ikhofi emhlabathini isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto.
I-espresso ephelele
Isazi u-Oliver Götz wazi kahle ukuthi angayenza kanjani i-espresso ephelele: "Impela, ukukhetha umshini kubalulekile. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanzeka lapho ulungiselela. Umshini kumele ube nokushisa okuphuma emanzini okuhambelana nekhofi kanye ne-boiler efanele nengcindezi yepampu. Kumele nje uyizame, yonke imishini ihlukile. Kakhulu ukuxhumeka kwesihlungi samanzi kuyalulekwa, ukuze ube nesimo samaminerali samanzi njalo. Amanzi athambile kakhulu noma aqine kakhulu abulala i-crema. Uma ucabanga ukuthi manje usuthenge ubhontshisi wekhofi ofanele kahle ukunambitheka kwakho, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuqala ukuwagaya. Kuhle kakhulu ngaphambi kwekofi. Izinga lokugaya liphelele lapho umshini we-portafilter udinga phakathi kwemizuzwana ye-15 ne-25 ukugcwalisa ipotifilter encane inkomishi ye-espresso cishe ingxenye yesithathu, ikhofi ine-crema enhle nokunambitheka okucacile futhi ukunambitha okungamuncu kakhulu noma okubabayo kakhulu. Ukusuka ekuphakameni okukhulu ikhofi kufanele isebenze phakathi kwemizuzwana ye-20 ne-40. "
Ukuhweba okulungile nemvelo
IBio imele ukukhuliswa kwekhofi ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kwama-pesticides amakhemikhali, ama-herbicides noma ama-insecticides. Amakhekhe we-organic kumele agcinwe ahlukile kumkhofi ojwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuhambisa kanye nokugcinwa futhi kufanele futhi kusetshenzwe kuhlukaniswe ngokuqinile. Ikhofi ejwayelekile akumele ihlangane nekhofi e-organic, ukuze kuthi lapho ibhula kuwo wonke amakhofi emshinini ofanayo kumele ihlanzwe ngokucophelela.
Kubalulekile kuchwepheshe wekhofi u-Oliver Götz ukuthi ubhontshisi wakhe uthengiswa kahle. Yena uqobo uhambele izindawo eziningi ezikhulayo ezahlukene, uyazi izimo zendawo futhi uyaqiniseka ukuthi: "I-Fairtrade iyasiza ekulweni nobuphofu futhi idala umhlaba lapho imindeni yabasebenzi abancane nabasebenza emasimini emazweni asathuthuka baphila impilo ephephile nenhle futhi bakhe ikusasa labo. Yize singekho isitifiketi esingaba ngamaphesenti ayi-100, ngicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukufaka amandla amaningi emzameni wokufeza izinhloso zeBio neFairtrade. "
Ukulungiselela okulungile
Ngemithetho ethile eyisisekelo, ukulungiswa kwekhofi kungalungiswa kalula ekhaya. Sebenzisa ikhofi entsha uma kungenzeka. Ithiphu: Ikhofi entsha isuka ngqo kwi-roaster noma i-Internet eyehlayo. Ukuhlanza zonke iziqukathi ezihlangana nekhofi: Ikhofi ishiya amafutha namafutha. Lawa madiphozi asabela komoya-mpilo futhi abe rancid. Ukunambitheka kudluliselwa ekuntuleni kokuhlanza endebeni elandelayo yekhofi. Sebenzisa amanzi afanele: Ubulukhuni bamanzi buguqula ukunambitheka kwekofi. Isihlungi esifanele samanzi sinciphisa ubulukhuni be-carbonate (lime) lamanzi ompompi futhi sivikela nomshini wekhofi ezinsaleleni zenhlabathi ezinenkani. Umqondo omuhle wokwenza ikhofi ngamanzi nge-pH ye-7,0 kanye nobulukhuni obungaba ngu-8 ° d.
ikhofi esikhundleni
Izitho zomzimba, izimpande ze-chicory, kanye nezinhlamvu ezinhlobonhlobo ezifana neMalt, ibhali noma isipelingi zisetshenziswa njengezindawo zekhofi. Kodwa ikhofi yangempela ayinakukubuyisela ngempela lokho, ama-baristas avumelana nomhlaba jikelele.
Photo / Video: I-Roastery Alt Wien, Ikhofi eyosiwe i-Alt Vienna, Circle yeKofi.
