UKarin Bornett
Umsebenzi wexeshana, umsebenzi okwethutyana, ukuqeshisa, ukuqeshisa ngezabasebenzi - amagama amaninzi, onke abhekisa kumgaqo omnye: Iarhente yengqesho yexeshana iqesha abasebenzi abashiyelwe kumthengi ngenxa yomsebenzi. Intlawulo, i-inshurensi kunye nekhontrakthi eqhutywa yiarhente yengqesho yexeshana. Ke, umthengi ubhetyebhetye kwaye unokusebenzisa amaxesha aphezulu kakhulu kwithuba nje elifutshane- ngaphandle kolawulo olukhulu. Ipapashwe nguqoqosho njenge injini yomsebenzi, ebizwa ngokuba sisivumo sabameli babasebenzi-umsebenzi wethutyana unegama elingumxube.
Nditsho nesibhengezo sele sisegumbini: umanyano kunye negumbi labasebenzi belikhankasela. Nangona kunjalo, amatyala amabini avela kwi-1977 kunye ne-1982 iminyaka, ebonelela ngesibhengezo ngokubanzi sokuqeshisa kwabasebenzi, ayiphumelelanga. I-1988 ekugqibeleni yamkelwa njenge-AÜG njengomthetho wokuchasana. Namhlanje, ukuqeshiswa kwabasebenzi licandelo lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kweshishini e-Austria: I-1995 yayinabasebenzi abathile be-12.500 kwaye abanye babasebenza okwethutyana, ngenxa yoko i-2008 sele inayo nge-68.000.
"Umsebenzi okwinqanaba lesibini" - ngaphandle kwinoveli
Nangona Umthetho Wokubolekwa kwabasebenzi (i-AÜG) ulungisiwe ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2013 kwaye ke abasebenzi bokwexeshana balingana ngokomthetho nabasebenzi ngokubhekisele kwizibonelelo zenkampani, iiyure zokusebenza kunye neeholide, inkqubo yomsebenzi wethutyana isagxekiwe ngabameli babasebenzi: "Abasebenzi bethutyana Phambi kwabasebenzi abakwinqanaba lesibini, "utshilo uMongameli we-AK, uJohann Kalliauer, ebhekisa kwiziphumo zohlolisiso olwenziwe liZiko lezeNtlalontle kunye nezoQoqoqosho (ISW), ngokokuthi, kwiimeko ezininzi, olo hlengahlengiso alwenziwanga xa luqhutywa. Umzekelo, ipesenti ye-58 yepesenti yovavanyo kwizikhundla zomsebenzi weenkampani zase-Upper Austrian zatsho ukuba abasebenzi bethutyana bahlelelekile kwizibonelelo zenkampani. I-53 ipesenti yamabhunga okusebenza abona abasebenzi bethutyana nabo ekuqhubekeni noqeqesho lomsebenzi kunye ne-33 ipesenti ehlwempuzekileyo ngokwembuyekezo. Ngokophononongo, iipesenti ze15 zichonga ukungonakali ngexesha lokusebenza kunye neeholide. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-90 zabaphenduli balinganisa izilungiso kwi-AÜG njengendawo okanye intle kakhulu. UKalliauer: "Kuyanelisa ukuba iinguqu kuMthetho wokuBoleka iZabasebenzi zikhokelele kumanyathelo afanelekileyo kubasebenzi bethutyana. Ngoku kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokungagungqiyo kuzo zonke iinkampani. "UThomas Grammelhofer we-Pro-Ge - Umbutho wemveliso uyavuma:" Sifuna ngokupheleleyo ulawulo olungcono lwabantu abagqithisileyo kunye nabathengi babo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba amalungiselelo asemthethweni e-AÜG thobela.
Umfanekiso ozenzele lona: "Amakhoboka anamhlanje"
Uvavanyo olumele abasebenzi bethutyana lubonisa umfanekiso ongemfiliba ngokwembono yabo bachaphazelekayo. I-70 pesenti yabo baphandwayo ayikholelwa kwithuba lokuthatyathwa ngokusisigxina yinkampani, kakhulu ekhuthazwa ngabasebenzi bexeshana. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-45 zabasebenzi bexeshana bathi bawenza lo msebenzi kuba bebengazukuwufumana omnye umsebenzi. Kwaye umfanekiso obalaseleyo wokuzibonakalisa "ngamakhoboka anamhlanje".
UMartin K. * ungomnye wabasebenzi bexeshana be-75.000 e-Austria. Malunga neminyaka emithathu, amaJamani omthonyama afuna isigxina kwindawo yaseVienna. Wayesele esebenzela abaphathi abahlanu abahlukileyo ngeli xesha. Ezi zibalo zithathe ixesha elingaphezu konyaka ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. "Emva kokudilizwa kulandela emva kobuninzi beemeko zokupheliswa. Ngaphezu kwako konke, ukungaqiniseki nokuba ndinomsebenzi kwinyanga ezayo ngumthwalo omkhulu, ”utshilo ngokusuka kumava. UMartin K. ngumfundi oqeqeshiweyo, ingcali. Ngokumalunga nezibonelelo zokupheliswa, i-AÜG ibhala isithi: "Umdlulisi unyanzelekile ukuba azise umsebenzi kwangaphambi komsebenzi kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi koko. Isibophelelo asisebenzi ukuba umsebenzisi wokugqibela ebengacacanga kakuhle. "Ke oko kuthetha ixesha lesaziso kwiiveki nje ezimbini. Kodwa le ayihlali ithotyelwa, uthi umanyano lwabasebenzi uGrammelhofer: "Emva kokusetyenziswa, izivumelwano zihlala zisonjululwa ngoxolo. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi baphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lokuvuma. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, zihlala zixhomekeka kwinkxaso mali yomsebenzi wababolekisi ngexesha elizayo. "
Isihloko esifanelekileyo sokungasebenzi
Intswela-ngqesho ngokufumana ingqesho yethutyana yingxaki enkulu, ngakumbi kubasebenzi. Kule ndawo, abasebenzi batshintsha umsebenzi wabo nge-avareji kabini ukuya kwi-2,5 ngamaxesha ngonyaka. Malunga neepesenti ze-40 zabasebenzi abaqeshwayo abaqeshwayo kwindawo enye ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintathu. "Ngokukodwa phakathi kwabasebenzi, intswela-ngqesho okanye ixesha lokuma ngumbandela onobungozi," utshilo uGrammelhofer. Emva kwayo yonke le nto, le ngxaki ithathelwe ingqalelo kulungiso: Ukuqala ngoJanuwari, i-2014 iya kuseka ingxowa mali yezemfundo neyokuqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkxaso ngexesha lekhefu. Inkxaso iya kubonelelwa nokuba yinkxaso-mali yexesha elinye okanye inkxaso mali. Kodwa kwakhona abaphathi banokufumana izibonelelo kuyo, ukuba bayakugcina ubudlelwane phakathi kwabasebenzi abashiyekileyo emva kokuphela komyalelo. Ingxowa mali iyakuxhaswa ngemali evela kwimali yabarhwebi bezentengiselwano kunye nakwiinkqubo zentengiso zabasebenzi.
Umsebenzi wethutyana njengenjini yezoqoqosho
Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo kubasebenzi noosomashishini zininzi. Ababoleki baxhamla ngakumbi xa kukho iincopho zeemfuno, njengoko kungekho basebenzi baqhelekileyo kufuneka bafunwe kwaye baqeshwe. Ukuguquguquka ligama lomlingo apha. Uxanduva lomthetho wezabasebenzi kunye nomzamo woburhulumente uhleli kumboleki Kwaye: Ukuba amandla omntu akasafuneki ngexesha lokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, ibuyela kwi-arhente ngosuku olulandelayo. Kwanasemva kohlengahlengiso lwe-AÜG, ukuba bhetyebhetye yeyona nto iphambili ekusetyenzisweni komsebenzi wethutyana. I-pro-arguments yabathetheleli bemisebenzi yethutyana icaciswa ngokulula: Umsebenzi wethutyana udala imisebenzi emitsha, njengoko kunokwenzeka kwiinkampani ezininzi ukuba zamkele imisebenzi ebingazukukwazi ukwenzeka kwezoqoqosho, itsho i-Chamber of Commerce. I-VÖGB-Umbutho weMfundo ye-Austrian Union Union-nayo iyavuma. Inika amandla okanye iququzelele (re) ukungena kwimarike yezabasebenzi. Ubuncinci kumaqela ahlelelekileyo okanye abasebenzi ekunzima ukubabeka, umsebenzi wexeshana ubonelela ngethuba, ibhala i-VÖGB kwincwadana: ”Ngokwe-WKÖ, malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zabasebenzi bekhontrakthi kunye neepesenti ezingama-50 zabasebenzi bethutyana bafumana imisebenzi esisigxina kwiinkampani abasebenza kuzo. Bonke abanye babona ngeminwe- kwaye baphinde bangasebenzi okanye bahlale kwingqesho yexeshana.
* Igama lomhleli laziwa
Imeko eOstriya
Iziphumo ezivela kuphononongo lwabasebenzi bethutyana kwiZiko lezeNtlalontle nezezoQoqosho (ISW):
Umsebenzi wexeshana: Imeko eJamani
