U-Sonja Bettel
"IDenmark neNorway ngamazwe ekukho kuwo ukuthembela kwabanye abantu."
UChristian Bjørnskov, kwiYunivesithi yaseAarhus
Ngaba ilizwe linganelisa iimfuno zabemi bayo? Ngaba iyabonelela ngemeko umntu ngamnye kunye noluntu ukuba baphucule kwaye baqhubeke nentlalo-ntle yabo? Kwaye bonke abantu banethuba lokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla abo? Le yimibuzo ethi i-Social Progress Index (i-SPI) ifune ukuyiphendula minyaka le kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela njengoko kunokwenzeka kunye nophando olunzulu lwe-meta. NgeDenmark ungaphendula yonke le mibuzo ngale ndlela ilandelayo: Ewe! Ewe! Ewe!
IDenmark ngenxa yoko ifike kwi-2017 indawo ephezulu ye-SPI. Ngokwenyani, iziphumo azimangalisi, bhala ababhali be- "Inkqubela phambili yoLuntu" kwingxelo yabo. IDenmark kudala inconywa ngokuphumelela kwenkqubo yentlalo kunye nobomi bayo obuphezulu. Ekuqaleni kwe-2017, nangaphambi kokuba i-SPI ipapashwe, indlela yokuphila "yesiDanishi" yade yabhengezwa ngamajelo amaninzi athetha isiJamani njengesiqhelo sentlalo: "I-Hygge" (ikhankanyiwe i-hugge) iyazibiza yona kwaye inokuguqulelwa njenge "Gemütlichkeit". Uhlala ekhaya okanye kwindalo kunye nosapho kunye nabahlobo kunye, utye kwaye usele kakuhle, uthethe kwaye uyonwabile nje. Ehlotyeni, nditsho nemagazini yegama elifanayo yangena kwimarike eJamani, apho unokubona abantu abaninzi abakhanyayo.
"Umhlobo wakhe ebesele esithi thina maDan sonwabe kakhulu kuba silindele into ephantsi," utshilo uDane Klaus Pedersen. U-Klaus uneminyaka eyi-42, uhlala e-Aarhus, idolophu yesibini ngobukhulu eDenmark, kwaye usebenza inkampani yeefilimu iminyaka elishumi. "Ndonwabile ngobomi bam," utshilo, "Eyona nto indikhathazayo eDenmark ziirhafu eziphezulu kunye nemozulu. Awungekhe uguqule imozulu, kodwa kukho amakhandlela, iingubo kunye no" I-Hygge ", bona ngasentla. Kwaye iirhafu?
"IDenmark naseNorway, i-70 ipesenti yabaphenduli bathi uninzi lwabantu lunokuthenjwa, ngepesenti ze-30 kuphela kwihlabathi liphela."
IDenmark ithathwa njengelizwe elinomthwalo omkhulu werhafu, kodwa ngokwe-OECD ngokwemeko ingaphezulu nje komyinge wepesenti ye-36. Ngasentla kwe-OECD yiBelgium ngomthwalo werhafu wepesenti ye-54, i-Austria ine-47,1 ipesenti, ipesenti yeDenmark 36,7. Kumazwe amaninzi le pesenti iquka irhafu yengeniso kunye nokhuseleko lwentlalo njenge-inshurensi yezempilo, i-inshurensi yokungaqeshwa, i-inshurensi yengozi, njl njl, ngelixa eDenmark kuphela irhafu yengeniso ihlawulwe kunye nomqeshi isahlulo esincinci seminikelo yokhuseleko lwentlalo. Izibonelelo ezongezelelekileyo zentlalontle zixhaswa ngurhulumente ukusuka kwirhafu yengeniso, enika abemi umbono wokuba ezi zibonelelo asimahla.
"Sinelungelo elingathethekiyo," utsho umphathi weprojekthi ye38, uNicoline Skraep Larsen, onabantwana ababini abaneminyaka emine ubudala kunye nesithandathu. IDenmark, isikolo kunye nokufunda kusimahla, kuba kufundo olo ufumana inkxaso yemali. Uninzi lwabafundi luya kuhlala lusebenza kwicala, ngakumbi ukuba bahlala kwiCopenhagen ebizayo, kodwa ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zihoyiwe. UNicoline uthi: "Wonke umntu ufumana ithuba lokufunda, nokuba unemali engakanani na. Ke ngoko, amaDan aqeqeshiwe ngokufanelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba angeniso oluphezulu. IDenmark, iyahamba ingatsho ukuba abafazi kunye namadoda basebenza ngokulinganayo. Ibhinqa linokuhlala ekhaya unyaka emva kokuzalwa komntwana, kuba ixesha emva koko kuya kubakho iindawo zonakekelo lwabantwana ezingabizi mali ininzi.
Abantwana kunye nosapho babaluleke kakhulu eDenmark. "Kuhlala kwamkelekile ukuphuma e-ofisini kuba kufuneka uthathe abantwana," utshilo uSebastian Campion, osebenza njengomqambi kwinkampani yezizwe ngezizwe eCopenhagen kwaye akanabo abantwana. Ngokusemthethweni, iiyure zokusebenza ngeveki eDenmark ziiyure ze-37, kodwa uninzi luya kuvula ilaptop ngokuhlwa xa abantwana belele. UNicoline akacingi ukuba kubi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba usebenza iiyure ze-42 ngeveki, kodwa akacingi nokusebenza ixesha elongezelelweyo, kuba uyakuxabisa ukuguquguquka okuhamba ngokulula.
I-SPI ikwabalaselisa ukufumaneka kwezindlu ezifikelelekayo eDenmark. Abo bangazukuli ngokwaneleyo, kunye nexesha elithile lokulinda, banethuba lokurenta indlu yokuhlala, ebiza malunga nesiqingatha esimalunga nepakethe yentengiso evulekileyo. Nokuba uyagula, uphulukene nomsebenzi wakho, awunakukwazi ukwenza umhlala phantsi okanye ufuna ukuthatha umhlala phantsi - phantse zonke iimeko zobomi ezinobunzima bamaDan, kukho inethiwekhi yoluntu. Amalungelo abemi ahlala agcinwe ephezulu, nangona iDenmark ingakhange isindiswe kule minyaka idlulileyo ngokutshintshela ekunene eYurophu kunye nokuchaphazeleka kubabaleki nabafuduki. Kwabanye, izibonelelo zentlalo sele zininzi kakhulu kwaye banokukhalaza ukuba kufuneka bahlawule irhafu kwabanye (ngasiphi na isizathu) abangasebenziyo, utshilo uKlaus Pedersen.
Unoyolo ngokuthembela nokuthobeka
Ukutsho ukuba ungaphezulu okanye ungcono kunomnye umntu asihambelani neDenmark. Umbhali wase-Danish-Norway u-Aksel Sandemose uchaze i-1933 kwinoveli edlala kwilali yasentsomini yaseJante. Ukusukela ngoko, le taboo ibizwa ngokuba yi "Janteloven", njengomthetho "weJante".
Ikhowudi yokuziPhatha yaseJante-kwaye uyonwaba?
Umthetho weJante (Danish / norw. Janteloven, eSweden.: Jantelagen) sisigama esime sibuyele ku-Aksel Sandemose's (1899-1965) inoveli "Umbaleki uwela umkhondo wakhe" (En flyktning krysser sitt spor, 1933) , Kuyo, uSandemose uchaza iinkcuba-buchopho ezincinci zedolophu yaseDenmark ebizwa ngokuba yiJante kunye noxinzelelo lokuhlengahlengisa usapho kunye nendawo yentlalo nenkwenkwe ekhulayo u-Aspen Arnakke.
Umthetho weJante uye waqondwa njengekhowudi yokuziphatha kwemithetho yezenhlalo yendawo yenkcubeko yaseScandinavia. Ikhowudi kucingelwa ukuba iyahluka eluntwini ngokubanzi ngenxa yokufana kwayo: Abanye bayijonga njengeyona nto iphambili - yokunciphisa umda wokuzingca kwimpumelelo; abanye babona umthetho weJante njengohlobo lokucinezelwa kobuqu kunye nophuhliso lomntu.
Kwimbono ye-anthropological, uJanteloven unokukhomba indlela enokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa nokuziphatha kwe-Scandinavia ekuhlaleni: ukuthobeka kuboniswe ngolu suku kuthintela umona kunye nokuqinisekisa impumelelo yokudibana.
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janteloven
Kodwa konke oko akuchazi ukuba kutheni amaDane engathathelwa ingqalelo nje inkqubela phambili kwezentlalo, kodwa namaNorwegians, abona bantu bonwabileyo emhlabeni. Impendulo kule ilungiselelwe nguChristian Bjørnskov, umphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseAarhus: "IDenmark neNorway ngamazwe anokuthenjwa kakhulu abanye abantu." Kuwo omabini la mazwe, i-70 ipesenti yabaphenduli bathi uninzi lwabantu kwihlabathi liphela, kukho iipesenti ze30 kuphela. Ithemba yinto efundwa ngumntu kwasekuzalwa, isiko lenkcubeko, kodwa eDenmark isekwe kakuhle, utshilo uChristian Bjørnskov. Imithetho yenziwa ngokucacileyo kwaye ithobela, ulawulo lusebenza kakuhle kwaye ngokucacileyo, urhwaphilizo lunqabile. Kucingelwa ukuba wonke umntu wenza ngokuchanekileyo. U-Klaus Pedersen uyangqina oku: "Ndenza kuphela ishishini ngesandla."
UKlaus wayehlala eSwitzerland iminyaka embalwa, apho irhafu isezantsi kakhulu kwaye izibonelelo zentlalo ziphantsi. Ingxelo yoLonwabo ibeka iSwitzerland kwindawo yesine kwaye eyesihlanu kwi-SPI 2017. Ngokuqinisekileyo iindlela eziya kulonwabo zahluke kakhulu.
Index yeNkqubela phambili yoLuntu- uyonwabile?
Index Progress Index (SPI) ibaliwe ukusukela nge2014 liqela lophando elikhokelwa ngunjingalwazi kwezomnotho uMichael Porter weSikolo soShishino lweHarvard kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi anedatha eyaneleyo; ngonyaka we-2017, amazwe e-128 ayekho. Isekwe kubutyebi bezifundo yimibutho yamazwe aphesheya kunye namaziko malunga nolindelo lobomi, impilo, ukhathalelo lwezamayeza, unikezelo lwamanzi nogutyulo, izindlu, ukhuseleko, imfundo, ulwazi kunye nonxibelelwano, okusingqongileyo, amalungelo abantu, inkululeko, ukunyamezelwa kunye nokufakwa. Umbono kukuba nesichasene nemveliso yekhaya ngokubanzi (GDP), emele kuphela impumelelo yeli lizwe, kodwa hayi inkqubela phambili kwezentlalo. Isalathiso sipapashwa ngumbutho ongajonganga kwenza nzuzo kwiNtlalontle Imperative, esekwe emsebenzini ka-Amartya Sen, Douglass North noJoseph Stiglitz, kwaye ijolise ekwenzeni igalelo kuphunyezo lweNjongo eziZinzileyo zoPhuculo.
IDenmark inenkqubela phambili ephezulu kwezentlalo enamanqaku e-90,57, elandelwa yiFinland (90,53), i-Iceland neNorway (nganye i-90,27) kunye neSwitzerland (90,10). IDenmark ifumene amanqaku kuzo zonke iindawo, ngaphandle kwamanqanaba ezempilo kunye nawokuphila, avareji yeminyaka ye-80,8; kwi-Sweden engummelwane, yi-82,2. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba icuba laseDenmark lisebenzisa kakhulu icuba notywala.IRiphabliki yaseAlpine ilahlekelwa yindawo ngokuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, kodwa ibala isangqa esincinci kuloo mazwe anenkqubela phambili ephezulu kakhulu kwezentlalo. Ukwanelisa iimfuno zabantu ezisisiseko, iOstriya ikwazile nokubeka isikhundla kwi5 Ukongeza kokufumaneka kwezindlu ezifikelelekayo kunye nokhuseleko lomntu, olu luhlu lukwabandakanya ukufikelela kumanzi okusela kunye neendawo zococeko. Kwamanye amacandelo amabini aphambili "iziseko zempilo-kunye" namathuba namathuba "i-Austria ibekwe kwi-9 kunye ne-16. Ngaphandle kwesiphumo esihle kakhulu, i-Austria ingaphantsi kwexabiso elilindelekileyo kwezinye iindawo. Ukuba i-GDP ithelekiswa nenqanaba lenkqubela phambili kwezentlalo, kukho isidingo esicacileyo sokubamba, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kumathuba alinganayo nemfundo kunye nonyamezelo lwentlalo.
Ngomgangatho we-64,85 weNkqubela phambili yoLuntu lwe-Index yamanqaku apheleleyo e-100, sibona ukuphuculwa komncinci konyaka (i-2016: amanqaku e-62,88). Nangona kuqhubeka inkqubela phambili kwezentlalo, iyahluka kakhulu kubukhali nakwesantya, kuxhomekeke kwingingqi. I-Index yeNkqubela phambili yoLuntu ihlalutye amazwe e-128 kwihlabathi liphela nge-50 kwizinto zentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
www.socialprogressindex.com
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
