Yenza imathematics: eyona ndleko yokutya kwethu

Freiburg / Br. Ixabiso eliphantsi liyabiza. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa ekutyeni. Amaxabiso ekuphumeni kwevenkile enkulu afihla inxenye enkulu yeendleko zokutya kwethu. Sonke siyabahlawula: ngeerhafu zethu, intlawulo yethu yamanzi nenkunkuma kunye nezinye iindleko ezininzi. Iziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu kuphela sele zibiza amawaka ezigidi.

Umkhukula weehagu kunye nomgquba

Ulimo oluqhelekileyo lutyebisa imihlaba emininzi ngezichumisi zezimbiwa kunye nomgquba ongamanzi. I-nitrogen egqithisileyo yenza i-nitrate, ethi ingene emanzini aphantsi komhlaba. Imisebenzi yamanzi kufuneka igobele nzulu nangakumbi ukuze ifumane amanzi okusela acocekileyo. Kungekudala izibonelelo ziya kusetyenziswa. IJamani isongela isohlwayo esingaphezulu kwe-800.000 ye-euro kwi-European Union inyanga nenyanga ngongcoliseko oluphezulu lwamanzi e-nitrate. Nangona kunjalo, ulimo lwasefektri kunye nezikhukula zomgquba olulwelo ziyaqhubeka.Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, iJamani itshintshile ukusuka kumngenisi wehagu ukuya kwelona lizwe lithumela ngaphandle kakhulu - ngeebhiliyoni zenkxaso-mali evela kwingxowa karhulumente. Qho ngonyaka kuxhelwa iihagu ezizizigidi ezingama-60 eJamani. Isigidi se-13 somhlaba kwindawo yenkunkuma.

Ukongeza, kukho intsalela yeearhente zokukhusela izityalo ekutyeni, ukonakala komhlaba oxineneyo, inkcitho yamandla kwimveliso yezichumisi ezingezizo kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa indalo kunye nemozulu. 

Ezolimo zibiza i-2,1 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka

Ngokwophando olwenziwe yi-UN World Food Organisation i-FAO, iindleko zokulandelela indalo kwezolimo zodwa zidibanisa malunga ne-2,1 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika. Ukongeza, kukho iindleko zokulandelela ezentlalo, umzekelo kunyango lwabantu abazityhefu ngeyeza lokubulala izitshabalalisi. Ngokwengqikelelo yoMhlaba noMhlaba ongaphezulu osuka eNetherlands, ngama-20.000 340.000 ukuya kuma-1 abasebenzi basezifama abaswelekayo minyaka le ngenxa yetyhefu evela kwizibulali zinambuzane. Isigidi esi-5 ukuya kwisi-XNUMX sinengxaki kuyo. 

Kwi isifundo I-FAO ikwafaka iindleko zokulandelela ezentlalo kwezolimo malunga ne-2,7 trillion yeedola zaseMelika ngonyaka kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokwenza njalo, ayikazithathi zonke iindleko.

UChristian Hiß ufuna ukutshintsha loo nto. Uneminyaka engama-59 ubudala wakhulela kwifama esemazantsi eBaden. Abazali bakhe balitshintshela ishishini kwezolimo lwe-biodynamic kwangoko kwii-50s. Hiß waba ngumgadi wegadi kwaye waqalisa ukukhulisa imifuno kwipropathi engummelwane. Ngo-1995, njengamashishini amaninzi ezolimo, wazisa ukugcinwa kweencwadi kabini ngokuhambelana neKhowudi yoRhwebo kwaye wakhawuleza waqonda: "Kukho into engalunganga apho."

Bala ngokuchanekileyo

Njengomlimi ophilayo, utyala ixesha elininzi kunye nemali ekugcineni ukuchuma komhlaba, kumxube endaweni yendlela enye, ukutshintsha ukujikeleza kwesityalo kunye nokuchumisa okuluhlaza- okt umhlaba olinywa ngokusingqongileyo. "Andikwazi ukudlulisa ezi ndleko kumaxabiso," utshilo uHiß. Uye wanda umsantsa ophakathi kweendleko nengeniso. ”Iinzuzo zakhe ziye zancipha ngokuncipha.

Abo bavelisa isichumiso okanye batya iimbotyi njengezityalo zokubambisa ukongeza initrogen emhlabeni bahlawula ngaphezulu. "Ikhilogram enye yesichumiso esenziwe ngumntu ixabisa i-euro ezintathu, ikhilogram enye yokucheba uphondo ixabisa i-14 kunye nekhilogreji yesichumisi esenziwe ngokwakho ixabisa i-euro ezingama-40," utshilo uHiß.

Izichumisi ezingezizo ezenziweyo ziveliswa ngobuninzi eRashiya naseUkraine, phakathi kwabanye. Abasebenzi bemizi-mveliso apho abanakuphila okanye bangaphili kwaphela kumvuzo ophantsi. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okothusayo kwimveliso akuchaphazeli kuphela imeko yemozulu yehlabathi.

UGadier Hiß, ofundele ukubhankisha kwezentlalo kunye nezemali, ufuna ukubandakanya zonke ezi ndleko kwixabiso lokutya.

Umbono awukho mtsha. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iingcali zezoqoqosho bezikhangela iindlela zokubandakanya ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziindleko zangaphandle kumaphepha eebhalansi eenkampani, okt ukuzifaka ngaphakathi. Kodwa ingaba indalo esempilweni ixabisa malini? Zithini iindleko zomhlaba ochumileyo onako ukufunxa nokugcina amanzi kwaye ungakhukuliseki ngaphantsi kuneendawo ezichithakeleyo zeenkampani ezinkulu zezolimo?

Faka iindleko zokulandelela kumaxabiso

Ukufumana umbono ochanekileyo, uHiß uqala ngomzamo. Ibala iinzame ezongezelelweyo zokugcina umhlaba kunye nezinye iindlela zokulima ezizinzileyo zamafama. Abo basebenzisa oomatshini abancinci bezolimo baqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba uhlala ungena ngaphakathi emoyeni kwaye zimbalwa iintsholongwane ezifayo. Ziye ziwukhululise umhlaba kwaye zonyuse umxholo wawo wezondlo. Amafama atyala iheji kwaye avumele amagqabi asendle aqhakaze anikwa indawo yokuhlala izinambuzane ezonakalisa umungu kwizityalo. Konke oku ngumsebenzi kwaye ke kubiza imali. 

E-Freiburg, Hiß kunye nabanye abadibeneyo banabo Inkampani yesitokhwe yexabiso lesithili isekwe. Ngemali evela kubanini zabelo, ezi fama, abaziqeshisela amafama ezinto eziphilayo, zisetyenziselwa ukuthatha inxaxheba kulondolozo oluzinzileyo lokutya, urhwebo, ukutya kunye ne-gastronomy. 

"Sityala imali kwikhonkco lonke lexabiso," ucacisa u-Hiß. Okwangoku ufumene abaxelisa. Kuyo yonke iJamani, ii-Regionalwert AGs ezintlanu ziqokelele malunga ne-3.500 yezigidi zeerandi kwisabelo semali esivela kwi-XNUMX yabanini zabelo. Ngokwenza njalo, bathathe inxaxheba kwiifama ezilishumi eziphilayo, phakathi kwabanye. Amalungelo ezokhuseleko avunywe nguGunyaziwe weeNkonzo zezeMali ze-Federal (BaFin) athembisa "iiasethi zentlalo kunye nezendalo" kunye nokulondolozwa kokuchuma komhlaba kunye nentlalontle yezilwanyana. Abanini zabelo abanakuthenga nantoni na kuyo. Akukho sahlulo.

Imibutho iyathatha inxaxheba

Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani ezininzi ngakumbi nangakumbi ziyaxhuma. Hiß ubiza inkampani yeinshurensi iAllianz kunye nenkampani yemichiza iBASF njengemizekelo “Abaphicothi zincwadi abakhulu abanjengoErnst & Young okanye i-PWC nabo bayayixhasa iHiß kuxanduva lweenkonzo ezinikezelwa ziifama zezinto eziphilayo ukuze kulungelwe bonke. Iinkampani ezine ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kuvavanywa ngakumbi: Ukufumana imali engange-2,8 yezigidi zeerandi, bavelisa inkcitho eyongezelelweyo ejikeleze i-400.000 ye-euro, engekabonakali njengengeniso kulo naliphi na iphepha lomncono. IZiko labaPhicothi zincwadi baseJamani i-IDW ikwavumile ukuba inzuzo kunye nelahleko yokusebenza yeakhawunti kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo izinto ezingezizo ezemali.

Ummandla we-AG Freiburg usebenza neSAP, phakathi kwabanye Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ixabiso elongeziweyoOko, umzekelo, amafama ezinto eziphilayo enza ngeendlela zokulima ezinobungqongileyo. Ngaphezulu kwamanani ayi-120 aphambili avela kwindalo, imicimbi yezentlalo kunye noqoqosho lwengingqi anokurekhodwa kwaye abalelwe unyaka-mali. Kule nto, ixabiso lommandla lifuna i-euro ezingama-500 ngonyaka kunye nokusebenza. Izinto eziluncedo: Abathengi banokuboniswa into eyenziwa ngabalimi ngenjongo yokulunga. Abezopolitiko bangawasebenzisa la manani, umzekelo, ukuhambisa kwakhona inkxaso-mali yezolimo malunga neebhiliyoni ezintandathu zeerandi ngonyaka. Ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, imali iya kwanela ukwenza ezolimo zizinzise ngakumbi. NgoDisemba 1 i Ukubalwa kokusebenza kwexabiso lommandla, apho abalimi banokubala ixabiso elongeziweyo nge-euro kunye neesenti abazenzela uluntu

Inkangeleko yesine

Kwiprojekthi yeQuarta Vista, inkampani yesoftware yamanye amazwe i-SAP ikhokele iqumrhu. Apho, iingcali ziphuhlisa iindlela ekunokulinganiswa ngazo kunye negalelo lenkampani kwinto elungileyo eqhelekileyo. 

UGqr. UJoachim Schnitter, umphathi weprojekti yeSAP eQuarta Vista, ukhankanya ubunzima bokuqala: “Amaxabiso amaninzi inkampani eyenzayo okanye ewonakalisayo akunakubonakaliswa okanye kungabikho manani kwaphela.” Umbuzo wokuba zingaphi i-euro zomoya ococekileyo kufanelekile akunakuphendulwa. Nokuba umonakalo wendalo kunye nemozulu unokubalwa kwangaphambili ukuba umntu ucinga ukuba unokulungiswa okanye ubuyekezwe ngenye indlela. Kwaye: Umonakalo osisiphumo mva awuhlali uqikeleleka namhlanje. Yiyo loo nto uSchnitter kunye neqela lakhe leprojekthi bethatha indlela eyahlukileyo: "Ndiyabuza ukuba yeyiphi imingcipheko esiyinciphisayo okanye esiyiphephayo ukuba siziphatha ngendlela enoxanduva lokusingqongileyo okanye ngokwasentlalweni ngelinye ixesha". Ukuthintela umngcipheko kunciphisa isidingo sokuseka izibonelelo kwaye oko kunyusa ixabiso lenkampani. 

Ngezatifikethi ze-CO2 kunye nomrhumo ocwangcisiweyo wokubulala izitshabalalisi, kukho iindlela zokuqala zokuvumela abo banoxanduva ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiindleko zokulandela ishishini labo. I-SAP ithatha ukuba "ikamva liza kusinyanzela ukuba siqhube iinkampani ngakumbi ngendalo kunangaphambili". Iqela lifuna ukuyilungiselela le nto. Ukongeza, intengiso entsha iyavela apha kwisoftware eyenza ukuba izinto ezibonakalayo nezentlalo kwinkampani zibonakale. Njengabanye abaninzi, uSchnitter udanile kwezopolitiko. “Azikabikho izikhokelo ezicacileyo.” Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba iinkampani ezininzi ziqhubele phambili.

Ukuba uquka iindleko zokulandelela, "i-organic" ayibizi kakhulu kune "yesiqhelo"

Umlingane weprojekthi Umhlaba kunye nokunye Isampulu yokubala Ukwahlulahlula phakathi kwezinye izinto ngokwempembelelo kumgangatho womhlaba, iyantlukwano yendalo, abantu ngabanye, uluntu, imozulu kunye namanzi.

Ukuba umntu uthathela ingqalelo kuphela iziphumo zokuchuma komhlaba, imveliso yonyaka yehektare enye yokulima iapile ixabisa i-1.163 ye-euro kulimo oluqhelekileyo kunye ne-254 ye-euro kulimo lwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokwe-CO2 emissions, inani eliqhelekileyo lokulima lifikelela kwi-3.084 euros kunye nokulima kwendalo ukuya kwi-2.492 euro.

"Ezi ndleko zifihliweyo ngoku zinkulu kakhulu kangangokuba zikhawuleza ziphele amaxabiso ekucingelwa ukuba aphantsi okutya kwethu," kubhala uMhlaba noMore. Izopolitiko zingayitshintsha loo nto ngokucela abo bangcolisayo ukuba bahlawule lomonakalo, baxhase kuphela ezolimo ezizinzileyo kwaye behlise i-VAT kwiimveliso zezinto eziphilayo.

Igadi kunye noqoqosho kwezorhwebo uChristian Hiß uzibona sele elungile. “Besihleli ngaphandle sisebenzisa iindleko zeshishini lethu ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100. Siyazibona iziphumo zokufa kwamahlathi, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuphulukana nokuchuma komhlaba. ”Ukuba amafama kunye nemizi-mveliso yezolimo ibala ngokuchanekileyo, ukutya okungaxabisi okuvela kulimo“ oluqhelekileyo ”kuyabiza kakhulu okanye abavelisi bangabinamali. 

"Ukugcinwa kweencwadi", yongeza uJan Köpper kunye noLaura Marvelskemper ovela kwiBhanki ye-GLS, "kuphela ebonakalisa ixesha elidlulileyo." Nangona kunjalo, ngakumbi nangakumbi iinkampani zazifuna ukwazi ukuba zizinzile njani iimodeli zeshishini labo. Abatyalomali kunye noluntu baya babuza ngoku malunga noku. Abaphathi banexhala malunga nodumo lweenkampani zabo kunye nabathengi abanokubakho kunye nabatyali mali. UChristian Hiß wenza indlela yakhe eya kumaqabane eeprojekthi zeSAP. Ngebeyifundile incwadi yakhe kwaye bayiqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba yayingantoni na.

info:

Inethiwekhi yokuSebenza kweMozuluUmbutho wabatyali mali abafuna kuphela ukutyala imali kwiinkampani ezihlangabezana neethagethi zemozulu yaseParis: 

Ummandla we-Regionalwert AG Bürgeraktiengesellschaft: https://www.regionalwert-ag.de/

Ukuqhubela phambili nokuphucula imigangatho yokunika ingxelo kwicala lokuhlaziya kunye "nokukhula" endaweni yokuzinza: https://www.r3-0.org/

iprojekthi IQuarta Vista, exhaswa ngemali ngu-Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, inkampani yolawulo lweprojekthi SAP, iqabane leprojekthi Regionalwert, phakathi kwabanye 

I-BaFin: "Iphepha elisebenza ngokujongana nomngcipheko wokuzinza"

Incwadi: 

"Bala ngokuchanekileyo", uChristian Hiß, oekom Verlag Munich, 2015

"Uhlaziyo lwezoqoqosho kwezentlalo", uRalf Fücks noThomas Köhler (ii-eds.), Konrad Adenauer Foundation, eBerlin 

"Ukuthothisa intshayelelo", Matthias Schmelzer noAndrea Vetter, Julius Verlag, Hamburg, 2019

Qaphela: Ngenxa yokuba umxholo weRegionalwert AG undiqinisekisile, bendixhasa ukubalwa kwemali yeprojekthi kumafama kumaphephandaba nakubudlelwane boluntu ukusukela nge-30 kaNovemba 2020. Lo mbhalo wabhalwa ngaphambi kwale ntsebenziswano kwaye ke awuchukunyiswa yiyo. Ndiyakuqinisekisa oko.