UAlexandra Binder
"Ndiza kuyitya i-shorts yam ye-boxer bukhoma kwiTV, ukuba kuya kuba yinyani ukuba i-neutrinos iphule isantya sokukhanya!" Watsho u-Jim Al-Khalili 2011 ugqirha wase-Britain. Apho babemi khona okokuqala ngqa kugxekwa, amaqhekeza amancinci angabanjiswanga akhawulezayo kwindawo kwaye anokufumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo.
Iibhiliyade zinqamleza imizimba yethu ngomzuzwana, i-5000 sikhazimla ngomzuzwana, kuba i-atom ibola ukubola emzimbeni. Kodwa xa iqela "I-Opera" kwi-Cern yoMbutho waseYurophu woPhando lweNyukliya laveza iziphumo zokubonisa ukuba amasuntswana athile angakhawuleza kunokukhanya, ulonwabo lwaluphelile. World asabela yemvelo ngokothuka. Ibali lajika laba sisiphumo esingalunganga kunyaka olandelayo.
Kodwa ibali le-neutrinos liqale ngokwenene. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, i-2015, i-Takaaki Kajita yaseJapan kunye no-Arthur McDonald waseCanada bafumana ibhaso likaNobel kwiFiziksi ngengqondo entsha efanayo: Amasuntswana anesininzi. Oko kubenza babe nemincili ngakumbi kunangaphambili.
I-Neutrinos: onke amasuntsu-iingcambu
"Ugqirha uJohn wafunda, uSandip Pakvasa, noTony Zee bacebise ukusebenzisa ii-neutrinos ukunxibelelana nezinye iinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi kwiMilky Way, okanye ukukhangela ezinye iimpucuko," ubhala uHeinrich Päs kwi "Neutrinos: The Perfect Wave" (Springer 2017). UPatrick Huber ovela kwiZiko leNeutrino Physics eVirginia eze nokhetho lokuba abantu abasebenza phantsi kolwandle banokuthetha njani ngokungaphantsi kwe-neutrinos. I-Neutrino Inc., inkampani yaseMelika-yaseJamani, ifuna ukufumana amandla ngakumbi kwi-neutrinos, emva koko esetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iimoto zombane. Kwixesha elizayo, siya kuqhuba ngokulula iikhilomitha ze-2.000 kunye nayo - ngaphandle kokutshaja, ewe, kuba umsinga wamasuntswana okukhanya awuphuli.
UHolger Thorsten Schubart, owayesakuba ngumthengisi wezindlu, uqinisekile ngaloo nto. Uyindoda emi emva kwesiqalo saseJamani samandla ebhetri, aphuma kwanto. Ukusuka ekufuduselweni kombane okwangoku, ubambe okuncinci: "Njengokuba kunje ngoku, imodeli yokuhamba ngemoto yombane isisisixokelelwano sabantu kwaye ngaphandle kokuba umbane wenziwe ngenye indlela, bubuqhetseba ekonakaleni kwendalo kunye nabathengi kwaye uphela ubango." Ukuba imoto yombane yangoku ibingaqhuba i-100 km, 10, 20 okanye iilitha ze-30 zeoyile okanye ezinye iifosili kufuneka zitshiswe kwenye indawo, kwaye amandla ke aya kuthuthiselwa amakhulu eekhilomitha, utshilo uNeutrino Deutschland GmbH onguMlawuli.
Inani elingenasiphelo njengemoto
Isisombululo sokuzenzekelayo kweSchubart sibizwa ngokuba yi "π1" (Pi = inani elingenasiphelo) kwaye isekwe kwisigqibo sokuzimela: "Ngokusisiseko, sisebenza kwimoto elanga ngaphandle kothintelo lobubanzi." Umahluko kwitekhnoloji eqhelekileyo yelanga, leyo yifotoovoltaic? "Ukuba asisebenzisi uluhlu olubonakalayo lwe-radiation ye-radiation yelanga, kodwa ngokukodwa imbonakalo ye-radiation engabonakaliyo, kunye neeyure ze-24 ngosuku nokuba kubumnyama obugcweleyo."
Isakhelo sonke kunye nomzimba wePi - esiya kuphuma kumshicileli we-3D kwixa elizayo, senziwe ngezinto ezixineneyo eziphezulu zekhabhoni kwaye sineenjongo zokuguqula amandla la mandla emitha. Ubuncinci isicwangciso. Kodwa ngaba amandla e-neutrino alungile ngokwenene ngexesha lokukhawulezisa okanye lokuqhuba ngokupheleleyo? Ngokuqinisekileyo iSchubart ayinakuqinisekisa oko. "Kwezi meko, amandla angaphezulu atyiwa kuqala kunokuba aguqulwe esiseleni," utshilo, esongeza ukuba neebhetri ezincinci eziqhelekileyo ziya kusetyenziswa ekuqaleni.
Ayibikho semthethweni "
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu ubuza ugqirha we-physics malunga nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bemitha ye-neutrino, amagama athi "angaziwa kwaye ngokwasemzimbeni angabekeki." Isizathu: Neutrinos akukho nzima ukusebenzisana nomba. Nokuba ukufunwa kokuvavanywa kwe-neutrinos ke sisenzo esinzima kakhulu. Umzekelo, uStefan Recksiegel, ugqirha weDyunivesithi yaseMunich, ucacisa esithi: "Esona sifo sikhulu se-neutrino emhlabeni sinokufumaneka kufutshane neenjineli zenyukliya. Kodwa apho ukhoyo ungabona kuphela amakhulu amakhulu okuphendula ngosuku kwiitoni zokuphendula. Zininzi ii-odolo zobukhulu abonelanga ukuba zenze nesibane esinye se-LED, singasathethi ke ngeebhetri.
U-Schubart akabaphazamisi abagxeki bakhe, ngokuchaseneyo, isiqubulo sakhe sithi: "Sitshintsha imbali kwakhona". Kungenxa yokuba izinto ezikhulu zodwa kodwa azikho iimoto ezihamba kwaye ezithenjisiweyo zekwindla 2017 eyakhiwe ngokutsha i-Neutrinopower Trabant azizange zibonwe kude kube ngumhla wokuhlelwa, ngelixa abalandeli bezithuthi zombane okwangoku bathanda ukuzimela ngenye indlela.
Ukuguga kunye nemizuzu emihlanu yokuhlawula
Umzekelo, abo bafuna ukubiza imoto yabo yombane ngemizuzu nje emihlanu, umzekelo, baqinisekile ngokuqalisa kukaStoredot kwa-Israeli. Itekhnoloji yayo yebhetri edanyazayo ixhomekeke kwii-nanomatadium kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezingakaze zisetyenziswe kwiibhetri kwaye kufuneka zikhuseleke kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziqhelekileyo. KwiCube Tech Fair eBerlin 2017, inkampani yabonisa ukuba yenziwa njani kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo konke kusebenza. Kwiminyaka emithathu ufuna ukuza neemoto zombane zokuqala ezivenkileni. Kubalandeli be-eco, i "Ryden Dual Carbon Battery" evela kwi-Power Japan Plus inokuba yinto. I-anode kunye ne-cathode yeebhetri zenziwe ngekharbon eveliswa ngokwendalo kwaye i-electrolyte ikwimoji yemichiza. Izinyithi ezinzima, njengakwibhetri eqhelekileyo, azikho, ibhetri inokuphindaphindwa, ihlawula malunga namaxesha angamashumi amabini ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ubudala buhamba kancinci. Ukuguga i-2.0 ukuba ungathetha.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
