Helmut Melzer
Iindaba ezimnandi: Asimsulwa ngokupheleleyo! Umnqweno wethu wokufuna ukutya umlo uvuswa nangaphambi kokuba sizalwe. "Amava okucamnga okuqala sele enziwe esibelekweni. Ukwakheka kwe-amniotic fluid utshintsho kuxhomekeke kukutya kukamama kunye nokuchazwa kwendalo. I-amniotic fluid ayiqukethe kuphela izakhamzimba kodwa incasa kunye nevumba leemolekyuli ezivuselela iiseli zokuva incasa yokuvalelwa kwesibeleko, utshilo uPetra Rust weSebe lezeNzululwazi kwiZifo zeSayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna - kwaye uyakwazi ukukubonisa oku: Umzekelo, kumntwana osandula ukubonwa oomama ababhinqileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa Iziphumo ezilungileyo zokuvumba okwanyuselwa zaqwalaselwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye kusuku lwesine emva kokuzalwa, ngelixa ukubonakaliswa kobuso ukwaliwa kwakuhlala kubonwa kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa oomama abangazithathanga iimveliso ezivuselelweyo.
Kwaye ngaphandle koko, sonke simnandi-ukususela ekuzalweni. Umhlwa: "Uqwalaselo lweklinikhi lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutyisa isibeleko ngokufaka intsholongwane okanye kwizinto ezikrakra kulwelo lwe-amniotic lubonise ukuthanda ubumnandi kunye nokuzonda izinto ezikrakra. Olu luqwalaselo lunika isibonakaliso esingaqhelekanga sokukhetha i-flavour, njengoko iimpendulo ze-fetus zingalinganiswa kuphela.
"Kwindalo, izinto ezimnandi zidityaniswa njengomthombo wamandla, ngelixa izinto ezikrakra zinxulunyaniswa nobutyhefu."
I-Petra Rust evela kwiSebe leZondlo, kwiDyunivesithi yaseVienna
Ingcaciso yesondlo: Ukukhetha okona kwamnkelo ngaphakathi kunokuvela ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ukutya kwamkeleke kakuhle kwisondlo, ngakumbi ubisi lwebele. Kwindalo, izinto ezimnandi zidityaniswa njengomthombo wamandla, ngelixa izinto ezikrakra zinxulunyaniswa nobutyhefu.
Abahlobo be-Nibbler bahamba ngendlela ye-latecomers: Ukukwazi ukunambitha ityuwa ukujikeleza inyanga yesine yobomi. Ukusuka kule minyaka, ukhetho lunokunikwa kwizisombululo ezinetyiwa xa kuthelekiswa namanzi.
Ukumisela ubume bendalo ukuba bube nencasa
Umnqweno weelekese, nangona kunjalo, awusebenzi kuye wonke umntu kwinqanaba elifanayo. I-Petra Rust kwimvelaphi yezenzululwazi: "Ukwahlukahluka kofuzo kukhokelela kwimbono yomntu ngamnye. Abantu babonisa imbonakalo yofuzo ekuthandeni incasa emnandi. Umbono onambithekayo omnandi ebantwini udityaniswa ne-heterodimer G protein-coupled receptors efakwe yi-TAS1R2 kunye ne-TAS1R3. Ukuphambuka okukodwa kulandelelwano lwe-nucleotide kunokukhokelela ekuguquguqukeni kovakalelo lobumnandi. "
Kubi: kunamafutha amaninzi, ityiwa eninzi
Ngayiphi na imeko, incasa inefuthe kakhulu ekukhetheni kokutya, apho ubumnandi bokutya yeyona nto inempembelelo enkulu emisela ukuba abantwana bafuna ukutya ntoni. Kodwa yintoni - ngaphandle kweswekile- imbi kangaka ekutyeni? Ukutya okunesondlo iNtlupheko ikwabonelela ngolwazi loku: "Ukongeza iswekile, iilekese zihlala zinamafutha asezantsi kakhulu kwaye ke amandla, kunye netyuwa, kakhulu, ityiwa kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezinjalo kuqhele ukungaziwa. Umdibaniso nomdlalo kamabonakude okanye wekhompyuter - oko kukuthi, umsebenzi omncinci kakhulu - ufuna umda wamandla, okhuthaza ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nokukhuluphala.
Isincomo: Iilekese ke azifanekiseli ukutya okulula, emva koko, ngakumbi abantwana, njengeelekese kodwa kakhulu, ngoku kunye nezifundo eziphambili ezithandwayo okanye iidessert zeziqhamo zingabandakanywa ekutyeni.
Iindlela ezizezinye zempilo
Akuthandabuzeki, iindlela ezizezinye ezisempilweni zokufunxa ukutya azinaswele. Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno zilungile, kunye neziqhamo ezomisiweyo, amandongomane, i-low-fat, unsweetened okanye iimveliso zobisi ezinencasa ephantsi. Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kufuneka zenziwe ngendlela enomtsalane- umzekelo, iziqwenga ezilungele abantwana okanye iimilo ezikhethekileyo ezinje ngevili lemouse okanye inyoka yenkukhu. Xa kuziwa kumantongomane kunye neziqhamo ezomileyo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kubungakanani benxalenye, njengoko benamandla ombane, "ucebisa uRust. Kukho iimveliso ezininzi ezinjengeemivalo zeziqhamo, esele zigqityiwe esitolo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyasebenza apha: kuqala jonga ukuba ngaba baphilile ngokwenene na, okanye yenza nje.
Iindlela zendalo kunye nezentlalo
Ukuncipha, nangona kunjalo, kukwabalulekile kwihlabathi liphela. Nokuba ziziswiti, ukutya okungelula kunye nezinye iindlela ze-Nasch Ukuxelwa kokuxela kuyaxelwa. Abo bangayikhathalelanga iswekile ephezulu okanye inqatha lamafutha kufuneka okungenani babe nokufikelela kwiindlela zendalo nakwezentlalo. Kudala zinikezelwa, iilekese, ezinezithako zazo ngokuyintloko zivela kwindalo yezolimo kwaye ke yenza igalelo kukhuseleko lwendalo. Yintoni ekufuneka ihlonitshwe: yengingqi, indalo, urhwebo olunobulungisa nentlalo-ntle yezilwanyana.
Ukutyiwa sisazela
ommandla
Ukusuka kwimbono yendalo, akunangqondo ukuthutha iimveliso kumgama omde. Ke ngoko, jonga ngokukodwa kwimvelaphi yeemveliso ezichaphazelekayo, kubandakanya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Oku kunceda ukuphepha ukuphuma kwe-CO2 kuthutho.Bio
Ukuba kunjalo, ke ngoko organic. Oku akusebenzi kweziqhamo nemifuno kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye iimveliso ezininzi ezikhoyo ngoku kwiindidi zezinto eziphilayo. Esi sibonelelo, nkqu nakwiivenkile ezinkulu, sikhula ngokukhawuleza: IiChips sele zinqunyulwa kwiitapile ezivela eOstriya, ezibhakwa kwioyile yelanga kwiletile kwaye zaveliswa ngaphandle kwezongezo zokufakelwa - imifuno, i-gluten-free, i-lactose-free.Trade fair
Kwimveliso kunye nezinto ezingafunekiyo ezivela kumazwe ahluphekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba uyeke ukusebenza ngokuxhaphaza. Ngokukodwa, i-Fairtrade izinikele kumvuzo olungileyo kunye neemeko zomsebenzi ezifanelekileyo.Intlalontle yezilwanyana kunye nevegan
Ngokukodwa abathengi abaphilayo be-vegan, kodwa kunye nabalweli bamalungelo ezilwanyana banaka ingqalelo kwiilebheli ezihambelanayo njengentyatyambo ye-vegan. Oku kuqinisekisa nakweyiphi na imeko ukuba akukho zilwanyana kwakufuneka zihlupheke.ukupakishwa
Kwezinye iileyibhile ezisemgangathweni, iimfuno ezithile zokupakisha zenziwa. Umzekelo, ezinye izinto zinokungavumelekanga ukufakelwa, ezinje nge-chlorine hydrocarbons okanye ialuminium.
Inxalenye ekhethekileyo yokudla ngokufunxa, kunjalo, itshokholethi. Esona sithako sibaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle kweswekile yi cocoa, ekhula ngokukhethekileyo kumazwe akude kakhulu, ahluphekayo. Izenzo zokuxhaphaza akufuneki zixhaswe. "Kwimveliso ye cocoa, ukusebenza iiyure ezinde kunye nemithambo eyomeleleyo endaweni yokuya esikolweni yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla yabantwana abahlala basebenza apho njengamakhoboka," utsho uGerhard Riess ovela kwimanyano yemveliso yePR-GE. I-Fairtrade izinikele kubudlelwane bezorhwebo obufanelekileyo kunye neemeko zomsebenzi ezifanelekileyo kwezona zibuthathaka kwityathanga lexabiso. UHartwig Kirner, UMlawuli oLawulayo weFairtrade Austria: "Ngokuthenga itshokholethi enobulungisa, abathengi bayayixhasa ibarhente yokuxhaphaza abantwana nokusetyenziswa kwemeko yokusebenza efanelekileyo!"
Iingcebiso: abantwana kunye nokutya
Kwindlela yokutya elungeleleneyo, ubuninzi beepesenti ezilishumi zamandla emihla ngemihla asuka kwiziswidi kunye nokutya okukhoyo kunganyamezeleka. Kwabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-4- ukuya kwi-6 abaneminyaka eyi-150 kcal ephezulu mihla le. Okona kuncinci kunencasa, indawo eninzi ishiyelwe ukutya okunezondlo-mzimba.
Izicwangciso zobuchule zokuphatha ngokuthobekileyo iilekese, ezicetyiswe liLingelo laseJamani lokutya ukutya okunempilo:
Misela ukutya nomntwana wakho iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwiveki. Ngeli xesha, umntwana uthathe isigqibo sokuba uzahlulahlule njani isibonelelo sakhe.
Cwangcisa nje kunye nomntwana wakho ukuba niye “kwiDosi eNtle” kunye.
Yenza ixesha elithile lokutya okune-snack, z. Emva kokutya.Lungiselela iidessert ngokuzithandela okanye isidlo esimnandi emva kwemini. Ukutya iilekese ngaphambi okanye endaweni yokutya isidlo kuyaxutywa.
Thintela ukuntlitheka ngokutya rhoqo.
Iilensi kunye neziselo ezithambileyo azifani.
Ukuba uthenga kuphela iilekese, qiniseka ukuba uneendlela ezizezinye ezinomtsalane.
Vumelana kwinto encinci ngaphambi kokuba uthenge, ukuze umntwana wakho ayazi loo nto ngaphandle kwe-whine
UCandy ufumana.Khusela izivakalisi ezinje "kuqala imifuno, emva koko kukho into emnandi", kuba
Oku kwandisa ukubaluleka kwepipi.Sebenzisa ubumnandi bendalo
Ukuthandwa kwencasa emnandi yangaphakathi. Indlela ukutya okumnandi okuvakala ngayo, nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kuphela kumava. Qhelanisa umntwana wakho nokutya okuneswekile esemgangathweni. Ukuthoba isambatho, unakho, umzekelo, xa ulungisa iikeyiki kunye neesuphu, ukunciphisa inani leswekile elinikiweyo. Ngokutya okumnandi ngokwendalo njengeziqhamo ezintsha okanye ezomisiweyo okanye iimveliso zobisi eneziqhamo ezicociweyo, imfuneko yeswidi inokuhlala yanelisekile. Ikwabonelela ngoluhlu lweezithako ezixabisekileyo ezinje ngeevithamini kunye neeminerals.
Enye indlela yokwenza izinongo
Iitapile ezifana nobusi, isiraphu okanye iswekile yomququ iphela aziniki zibonelelo ngaphezu kweswekile yetafile eqhelekileyo. Kananjalo ii-sweeteners azinakubeka endaweni yoko. Nangona ziqukethe iikhalori ezincinci okanye zingenazo, zikhuthaza, njengoshukela, ukuziqhelanisa nokunambitheka okumnandi.
Qaphela iswekile "efihliweyo"
Ungakanani ushukela oqulethwe kukutya, uveza ukujonga uluhlu lwezithako. Ukuqhubela phambili iswekile idwelisiwe, kokukhona kubandakanywa. Ufihla ngasemva kwamagama angaqhelekanga - njengoko uluhlu olulandelayo lubonisa:
Impumelelo = ikristali / iswekile yetafile
Iglucose = iglucose
Iglucose syrup = iglucose kunye namanzi
I-Dextrose = iglucose
Guqula iswekile = iidiliya kunye nefrose
Imaltose = iswekile yemalt
Uyilo = fructose
I-lactose = lactose
