Sonja
Uninzi lwabantu abakwi-Central Europe namhlanje banokugaya ubisi, kufuneka siguquke. Kuba amandla omntu okwahlula iswekile yobisi (lactose), kwasekuqaleni yayenzelwe indalo kuphela kwiintsana. I-enzyme lactase, eyimfuneko kuyo, ikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Nangona izilwanyana ezinje ngeenkomo, iigusha okanye iibhokhwe zazigcinwa eMbindi Mpuma kunye naseAnatolia kwiminyaka yonke ye11.000 ukuze zityhale iimveliso zazo zobisi, kufuneka zenziwe zihambelane neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezinje ngeshizi okanye imveliso ye yoghurt. Xa aba balimi bokuqala emva koko besiya eYurophu, badibana nabazingeli kunye nabaqokeleli. Malunga ne-8.000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kufutshane ngaphambi kokuzinza kwabaqalayo, ukuvela kwemfuza kwenzeka. Iqinisekisile ukuveliswa kwexesha elide kwe-enzyme lactase, ethe ekuhambeni kwexesha yavumela abantu abadala ngakumbi ukuba bagaye iimveliso zobisi. Izazinzulu ezivela kwiJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz kunye neDyunivesithi yaseLondon zicinga ukuba ubisi oluhambelana kwindawo yanamhlanje yeHungary, eOstriya okanye eSlovakia.
ubisi
Ubisi yi-emulsion yeeproteni, ubisi iswekile kunye namafutha obisi emanzini; ngamanye amagama, iicarbohydrate, iiproteni, iivithamini kunye nezinto ezilandelwayo ziyanyibilika emanzini. Ubungakanani bezithako ezizimeleyo buyahlukahluka ukusuka kwiindidi ukuya kwiindidi. Ukusetyenziswa kobisi kuyadodobala eYurophu, kwaye i-China kunye ne-India ziindawo zentengiso ezikhulayo. Ngo-2012, iitoni ezingama-754 ezigidi zobisi (i-Austria: i-3,5 yezigidi zeetoni, ngo-2014) zaveliswa kwihlabathi liphela, iipesenti ezingama-83 zazo yayingubisi lwenkomo.
Ubisi & CO2
Akukho nzima ukuba i-65 yezigidi zezigidi zemfuyo "iveliswe" minyaka le. Ziyayihlafuna kwaye ziyigaye kwaye zivelisa iitoni zemethane, igesi eyonakalisayo ekhusela imozulu. Xa sisonke sidibene, zonke ezi zinto zithetha ukuba umthwalo emhlabeni wenyama kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentlanzi kuphakama kakhulu kunolo lweendlela zelizwe jikelele. Kuyinyani ukuba ukubala kuyahluka ngokuba yeyiphi ipesenti yokukhupha igesi eluhlaza eluhlaza ekugcineni inoxanduva lokuvelisa inyama kunye nobisi lwehlabathi. Kwabanye yi-12,8, abanye beza kwi-18 okanye bangaphezulu kweepesenti ze-40.
Ke sinokungenelwa namhlanje kubisi lwemveliso yendalo. "Inkomo isebenzisa izakha-mzimba (ingca) kuthi kwaye iyenza ukuba ibe nakho. Oku kwenza ubisi lube yiprotheyini kunye nomthengisi obalulekileyo, "utshilo uMichaela Knieli, ingcali yesondlo" die umweltberatung "eVienna. Ubisi olutsha lwase-Austrian alunayo i-GM kwaye alunamizwa kwaye luyasuswa. Ngokufanelekileyo, yile nto iphuma kwinkomo. Awuniki nto. "Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga okugcinakalayo, kubalulekile ukuba ungangenisi ukutya. Umzekelo, kuthekani kwimeko yeemveliso zezinto eziphilayo, apho ukutya kufuneka kuqhele ukuvela kwifama ngenxa yoqoqosho olujikelezileyo? Kucetyiswa ikakhulu ukuba iinkomo zikw madlelo.
Hay ubisi: ukusuka ekujikelezeni kwendalo
Abalimi abaninzi ngakumbi baguqukela kubisi lwe-hay, apho ukondla ngakumbi kulandela umjikelo wendalo wokuqala. Ke, ehlotyeni, iimazi zobisi ze-hay ziyavunyelwa ukuba zitye engca kunye namayeza asuka kumadlelo, emadlelo nakumadlelo asezintabeni kwaye ukongeza zondliwa ngengca kunye nokutya okuziinkozo ebusika. Akukho ukutya okunevosi. Ubisi lweentyatyambo lwendalo olusuka "Ja! Natural. " Ngokwenkampani, iintsuku ze365 ngonyaka eziqhutywa simahla kwiinkomo kule nkqubo, ubuncinci kwiintsuku ze120 kudlelo kunye nokuphela konyaka kwibala lokudlala liphuma ngaphandle, kunqatshelwe. Abalimi beHummingbird abavela "Buyela Kwintsingiselo" banika iinkomo zobisi kwiintsuku ze-180 iintsuku zokuhlala emoyeni, kubandakanya neentsuku ze-120 zamadlelo.
Kwelinye icala, ukongeza ekuqwalaselweni kokuziphatha, iinkomo ezityetyisiweyo ezigcinwe esibondeni ziyingxaki yendalo ngokunjalo, ngokuka Knieli. Ayisiyongxaki yomgquba kuphela (ulwazi lwebhokisi yolwazi). "Iinkomo ezivelisa isivuno esikhulu zityetyiswa ngokutya kweprotein. Esi isenokuba sisityu sesityu esivela kwihlathi elinemvula. Ngelishwa, uphetha kakhulu esiswini sezilwanyana kunakwizisu zezilwanyana. "
Enye indlela
Xa kuziwa kubisi lwe-soy, uninzi lukwakuqala ukucinga ngemicimbi yamahlathi emvula kunye nobunjineli bemfuza. Into yokuba lo asingommiselo weziselo zesoya ezikhoyo e-Austria iboniswa uphononongo lwephephabhuku lomthengi: "Kwisixhenxe kwiziselo ezilishumi elinambini ezivavanyiweyo, ii-soya zivela e-Austria. Ngokunyaniseka bendingekhe ndiyicinge loo nto, ”utshilo uNina Siegenthaler, isazi sezempilo eVerein für Konsumenteninformation (VKI). Umkhondo wezinto eziphilayo eziguqulweyo ngofuzo (GMOs) zaye zafunyanwa nakwesinye seziselo sovavanyo ezivavanyiweyo.
Ngaphandle komthengisi omnye weembotyi zesoya zase-Italiya, abanye abavelisi abane bathule malunga nomthombo wezinto zabo ezingalunganga zeziselo zesoya. Irayisi kunye ne-almond iziselo ezivavanywa ngu "Konsument" zazingenalo ulwazi malunga nemvelaphi yezithako eziphambili. Kuya kuba kubalulekile ukukwazi ukugweba ukuba zinjani kanye iimveliso zobisi ezizinzileyo. Abavelisi abodwa abanjengoJoya, obisi olungazange lufundwe, luchaza imvelaphi ye-oat Austria. "Ukuba i-soy, epelwe okanye i-oats evela e-Austria, ke isityalo sobisi sinqunyulwa kakuhle kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nobisi olutsha. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ndondle kwaye ndigcine nasiphi na isilwanyana, esikhokelela kukhuphiswano oluphezulu lwe-CO2, kwaye ndinazo naziphi na iindlela zokuhamba, utshilo uKnieli we "die umweltberatung".
Ilayisi yobisi: izinto ezininzi ezingalunganga
Ukuba sisiselo selayisi okanye imveliso yobisi engenise endaweni yobisi, ke iindlela zothutho ezigqithisileyo kwaye, kwirayisi, ukulinywa okuphezulu kwe-CO2 kuyongezwa. Asaziwa: irayisi emanzi ivelisa izixa ezikhulu zemethane, ehlala ihlala yenzeka xa izinto ezincinci zibulala izinto zezinto eziphilayo- hayi ekufuyeni izilwanyana kuphela.
Ukongeza, amanqanaba aphezulu e-arsenic ahlala efumaneka kwirayisi, eyindlela yayo inetyhefu ebantwini nakwi-carcinogenic. Nangona ezine kwezintlanu ziselo zerayisi eziphandiweyo bezingaphantsi kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo elimiselwe liGunya loKhuseleko loKutya laseYurophu, umagazini uMthengi ucebisa ngononophelo kwaye uthathele ingqalelo iziselo zerayisi ezingafanelekanga kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci. Inkqubo yokubila yenza ukuba irayisi isele kakhulu. Oko kwamkelwa kakuhle ngabavavanyi. "Kodwa iphosisi yile: Ngenxa yemveliso, iiziselo zerayisi ziqukethe iswekile eninzi kunezinye iziselo zesoya, ekwakongezwa iswekile kuyo!" Utsho uSiegenthaler. "Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga indalo kunye nesondlo, ubisi lwerayisi liliva ecaleni. Xa ukulinywa kwerayisi emanzi kuvelisa i-methane eyonakalisa imozulu kakhulu, ukongeza, irayisi ihambahamba kwisiqingatha sehlabathi, utshilo uKnieli. Olu lubisi lwerayisi luya kuba nezibonelelo ezininzi kwabo bagula ziigwala. Kungenxa yokuba ngokungafani neziselo ezenziwe ezenziwe ngepelesi, i-oats okanye ezinye iinkozo, isiselo selayisi ngokwendalo asinazibuko.
Ubisi lweAlmond: akunjalo ngokwemvelo
Kuthekani ngobisi lwealmond? Ngelishwa, bebejikelezile ukusukela kumaXesha Aphakathi. Ngaba unokwenza okuninzi kwiziselo zanamhlanje ze-tetrapak-eneebhotile? Uluhlu lwezithako lude, abathengi bafumana i-thickeners, i-emulsifiers kunye nozinzo kwisiqingatha seziselo ezivavanyiweyo. Ukongeza, zonke zenziwa iswekile (nangona ubisi lwe-almond olungafakwanga lukhona). "Ngaba singathetha ngemveliso yendalo? Ubisi yinto yemvelo, "utshilo uSiegenthaler. Ubisi lwealmond lukwayingxaki ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga imeko: "Ama-almonds angayenza kakuhle kumcimbi we-CO2. Kodwa uninzi luvela e-US kwaye luveliswa njengemodocultures ene-pesticide ephezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Iziselo zealmond nazo kufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo! ”Utshilo uKnieli.
Ngendlela, i-almond iziselo ezivavanywa ngabathengi ziipesenti ezimbini ukuya kwezisixhenxe zeepesenti. "Ezi ziselo zinamanzi amaninzi. Kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba amanzi ahambahamba apha emhlabeni wonke, utshilo umcebisi "die umweltberatung".
Ke yintoni engcono, ubisi okanye ubisi lwemifuno? Inye into eqinisekileyo: imveliso egqibeleleyo ayikho. Zonke zinomdla kunye nezinto ezingalunganga. U-Knieli: "Ukuba wenza ubisi kwi-oats okanye lupele, lunyuka ngcono kunobisi olutsha. Nangona kunjalo, ubisi lwesityalo lunokungalunganga ekubunjweni kwesondlo. Ubisi lweediliya lwendalo luyacetyiswa. Kodwa loo nto ayikukhathazi ukuba awukwazi kuma.
nobandlululo
Ukunganyamezelani kwe-lactose kuxhaphakile kwiindawo zethu zokuhamba. Kwi-Europe esembindini, kuphela malunga ne-60 yepesenti yabemi banamhlanje abanokugaya iswekile yobisi, ngelixa eMantla Yurophu, njengeScandinavia naseIreland, ipesenti ye-90. Kumazantsi eYurophu, malunga neepesenti ze-20, kwaye naseAsia, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abazinyamezelayo iimveliso zobisi. Ukuba i-enzyme lactase ilahlekile, iswekile yobisi ayinakuqhekeka kwaye ihlale kwikholoni. Kukho ukuveliswa kweebhaktheriya ezifana ne-lactic acid kunye ne-carbon dioxide, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kubantu abanokunganyamezeli kwe-lactose kwintlungu yesisu, i-cramps, flatulence okanye urhudo.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
