amalungelo oluntu

Amalungelo oluntu yinto esiyithatha kancinci kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Kodwa xa kufikwa ekuchazeni, uninzi lwethu lukufumanisa kunzima. Kodwa yintoni amalungelo abantu? Amalungelo oluntu ngala malungelo apho wonke umntu anelungelo ngokulinganayo ngenxa yobuntu bakhe.

uphuhliso 

Ngomnyaka we-1948, amazwe angama-56 angamalungu e-UN okokuqala achaza amalungelo apho wonke umntu emhlabeni kufuneka abe nelungelo. Le yindlela awadalwa ngayo uxwebhu lwamalungelo oluntu oludumileyo "isiBhengezo esiBanzi samaLungelo oLuntu" (i-UDHR), eyathi kwangaxeshanye yenza isiseko sokukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu kwilizwe liphela. Ngaphambili, umba wamalungelo oluntu yayingumba nje womgaqo-siseko wesizwe. Isizathu sokumiselwa kwinqanaba lamazwe aphesheya yayikukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko noxolo emva kweemfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi.

Kwesi sibhengezo, amanqaku angama-30 abekwa ukuba okokuqala kwimbali yoluntu kufuneka kusebenza kuye wonke umntu-nokuba ngowaluphi na uhlanga, inkolo, isini, ubudala, njl. Ubukhoboka kunye norhwebo lwamakhoboka, inkululeko yokuthetha, inkululeko yenkolo, njl. Ngo-1966, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zaphinda zanikezela ngezivumelwano ezibini ezizezinye: Umnqophiso Wezizwe Ngezizwe Wamalungelo Oluntu Nezopolitiko kunye Nesivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Samalungelo ezoQoqosho, ezeNtlalo nezeNkcubeko. Ngokudibeneyo ne-UDHR benza "iBhili yaMazwe ngaMalungelo oLuntu". Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iindibano ze-UN, ezinje ngeGeneva Refugee Convention okanye iNgqungquthela yamaLungelo oMntwana.

Ubukhulu kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene namalungelo oluntu

Amalungelo oluntu ngamanye kwezi zivumelwano anokwahlulwa ngokobukhulu obuyi-3. Inqanaba lokuqala libonisa yonke inkululeko yezopolitiko neyoluntu. Inqanaba lesibini linamalungelo oluntu ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nenkcubeko. Amalungelo okuhlangana (amalungelo amaqela) nawo enza inqanaba lesithathu.

Isongezelelo samalungelo oluntu ngurhulumente ngamnye, ekufuneka ehambelane nezibophelelo ezithile. Umsebenzi wokuqala wamazwe kukuhlonipha amalungelo abantu, oko kukuthi, amazwe kufuneka ahloniphe amalungelo oluntu. Umsebenzi wokukhusela luxanduva lwesibini ekufuneka amazwe ethembele kuwo. Kuya kufuneka uthintele ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu, kwaye ukuba sele kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho, urhulumente kufuneka anikezele ngembuyekezo. Umsebenzi wesithathu wamazwe kukwenza iimeko ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda amalungelo oluntu (uxanduva lokuqinisekisa).

Eminye imimiselo nezivumelwano

Ukongeza kumazwe, iBhunga lamaLungelo oLuntu eGeneva kunye nee-NGO ezininzi (umz.I-Human Rights Watch) nazo zijonga ukuthobela amalungelo abantu. I-Human Rights Watch isebenzisa uluntu lwamanye amazwe ukutsala ingqalelo yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu kwelinye icala kunye nokucinezela abo bathatha izigqibo kwezopolitiko kwelinye icala. Ukongeza kumalungelo oluntu alawulwa kwilizwe liphela, kukho ezinye izivumelwano zamalungelo oluntu zengingqi kunye namaziko, anjenge-European Convention on Human Rights kunye ne-European Court of Human Rights, i-African Charter of Human Rights kunye namaLungelo aBantu kunye ne-American Convention on Human Rights.

Amalungelo oluntu abalulekile kwimigaqo ekudala siyiphumeza. Ngaphandle kwabo ngekungekho lungelo kwimfundo, akukho nkululeko yokuthetha okanye inkolo, akukho khuselo kubundlobongela, intshutshiso nokunye okuninzi. Ngaphandle kokuqonda okude kwamalungelo oluntu, ukwaphulwa kunye nokungahoywa kwamalungelo oluntu kwenzeka yonke imihla, nkqu nakumazwe asentshona. Ukujongwa kwelizwe liphela, ukufunyanwa kunye nokuxelwa kweziganeko ezinjalo kwenziwa ikakhulu yi-NGOs (ngakumbi i-Amnesty International) kwaye ibonisa ukuba, ngaphandle kokusekwa kwamalungelo, ulawulo olufanelekileyo lokuhambelana luyafuneka.

Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.