Izifo ezivela esiqwini

Wayekhangeleka enesikrokro nje ukuba ayikhuphe. Itrakhi encinci ebisendleleni inqumla umda isuka eOstriya isiya eItali ithe chu ngokuthe chu ecaleni kwendlela. Umoya upholile, ngumhla ocacileyo kaDisemba kumazantsi mpuma eFriuli Venezia Giulia. “Ulawulo lwamapolisa, nceda uxwebhu.” Njengokuba usondela, ilori emhlophe ikhangeleka ngathi yeyiphi: ayaziwa, yiyo loo nto kufanelekile ukuba uyiqwalasele. Ipasipoti kwesinye isandla, elandelayo izulazula kancinci kwiqhina lomnyango wangasemva. Xa bevula ucango, amapolisa, abemi kunye kwiqela eliphambi kwemoto, ahlangatyezwa livumba elibi. Uthuli lomsiba lwentsiba olujikeleza emoyeni luphele lulele phantsi kumgangatho wesitalato. Imincili, imikhwazo ephezulu kunye nengxoxo zizinto zokuqala eziviwa ngamapolisa. Ngobushushu obufudumeleyo bangaphakathi, ukuqiniseka ngoku kuxubekile: uchwetheze ngokuchanekileyo. Ityhefu eluhlaza, eqaqambileyo emthubi kunye nezikhwenene ezimnyama eziluhlaza zijonga amapolisa. Ukucula okunomdla, izilwanyana zizama ukuhamba, kodwa indawo encinci kwikheyiji ayivumeli ukuba bajike. Ilanga lobusika likhanya emlonyeni wabo lisondelelene. 

Utshintsho lwendawo. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, uFrancesco (* utshintshiwe igama) ulele. Ubunzima bokuqala bokufumana umoya buye bonakala ngokukhawuleza. Umkhuhlane ophezulu kunye neenyawo ezibandayo azenzi kube lula ukujongana neengxaki zemiphunga. Usulelo olungafumanekiyo lunokukhokelela ekufeni ebantwini, ngoku uyazi. I-Psittacosis ligama lesifo esasifumana ipolisa. Iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ekuqaleni zenza ukuba kube nzima kugqirha onyangayo ukufumanisa ukuba amajoni akhe omzimba alwa nantoni na. Emva kokuba asebenza nabo begula, uvavanyo lwegazi lwabonisa oko kwakusoyikwa: i-pathogen ibizwa ngokuba yiChlamydophila psittaci. Ziziswe malunga neeparrothi ezigulayo ezingama-3000 kunye nee-budgies ezafunyanwa ngexesha lokugqibela lokuhambisa izilwanyana ngokungekho mthethweni. 

"Amapolisa afumana inyumoniya ngexesha, kwaye esi sifo sichaphazela indlela yokuphefumla," ucacisa uMarie-Christin Rossmann, ugqirha wezilwanyana nentloko yezifo ezosulelayo eCarinthia. Urhwebo lwezilwanyana kwilizwe lonke lukhethekileyo. Isifo esikhwenene sasisisibetho sokugqibela esaphula umphanda ebusika buka-2015. Kumda wokunqumla umda eTravis, kunxantathu womda wase-Italiya-Ostriya naseSlovenia kwiCanal Valley, amagosa amasiko ahlala efumanisa ukuhanjiswa okungahambelani kwaphela nomthetho wentlalontle yezilwanyana. Iinjana ezincinci zahlulwe koonina kusekutsha kakhulu, iikati, ii-budgies ezigulayo. Izilwanyana, zonke ezo bezizakufumana abanini bazo xa zithengiswa emotweni. Ngelo xesha i-Austria ne-Italiya bezibandakanya njengamaqabane eprojekthi, kwaye ngo-2017 baseka iprojekthi ye-Biocrime, eyayixhaswe ngemali yi-EU. "Iipesenti ezingama-70 zabantu abanalo nofifi lokuba ziyintoni i-zoonoses nokuba zingayingozi kangakanani ebantwini," utshilo uRossmann, oyintloko yeprojekthi ye-Interreg Bio-Crime yelizwe laseCarinthia e-Austria. Izifo ezosulelayo ezinje ngesikhwenene okanye isifo secoronavirus zinokudluliselwa kwizilwanyana ziye ebantwini kwaye ngokuchaseneyo, uyacacisa. Amagosa ajongene nezorhwebo asemngciphekweni ngakumbi xa bethutha izilwanyana ukuba bakhangela iibhasi okanye iimoto bezinto ezingekho mthethweni okanye izikhumbuzo. Kodwa abazali abafuna ukunika abantwana babo isilwanyana sasekhaya nabo baya bedibana nezifo. Kuba i-Intanethi iyakhula ekuthengeni izilwanyana, ngokutsho kwengcali, inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu liza kuwa ngamaxabiso. "I-euro ezingama-1000 sele lixabiso elincinci ngenja yozala," yatsho ingcali yezentlalontle. Apha ngezantsi, iindleko zokhathalelo, ugonyo kunye nokubulala iintshulube akunakwenzeka. Abafuyi abanzulu bahlala behamba nomama wabo kwaye babonisa inzala yomzali. Abantu abaninzi baphesheya bathenga izinja ezincinci ngenxa yosizi, kuba zijongeka zifuna ukhuseleko kwaye zibiza i-euro ezingama-300 kuphela, utshilo uRossmann. Ubuqhetseba obusebenzayo, nangona kungekho semthethweni ukuthenga izilwanyana ezincinci ezingaphantsi kweeveki ezisibhozo ubudala. Ngenxa yokurhoxiswa okukhawulezayo kobisi lwebele kunye neemeko zempilo ezihlala zibi, amalungu osapho amatsha ahlala egula ubomi babo bonke. 

I-coronavirus ayibonisanga kuqala indlela eziyingozi ngayo i-zoonoses. Izifo ezithwala izilwanyana zinokubangela ingozi enkulu, kuquka nabantu. "Ukuba esi sifo siyaphuma, kunjalo. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abaziyo, umzekelo, ukuba ngabantu abangama-60.000 ababulawa ngumgada minyaka le," utsho ugqirha wezilwanyana. Kuba esi sifo siyabulala ngeepesenti ezili-100. Rhoqo izilwanyana eziziswe ngokungekho mthethweni azigonywanga. Izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ngokukhethekileyo zihlala zisiwa kwimida. Izilwanyana ezingeniswe ngokungekho mthethweni zihlala zigula, uninzi lwazo lunee-parasites, nkqu neekati zinokufumana i-salmonella kwaye ziyidlulisele ebantwini. "Siqale ngabantwana". Iprojekthi exhaswa ngemali yi-EU yazisa amakhulukhulu abantwana kunye nabantu abancinci malunga neengozi kwiindibano zocweyo zezikolo, ngaloo ndlela benza ulwazi olusisiseko kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Inani elipheleleyo lamagosa asebupoliseni ali-1000 XNUMX aqeqeshwa aza athungelana. Iprojekthi ye-EU idale uthungelwano olukhulu lwe-supra-lwengingqi olubonakaliswa bubunye obuzixhasayo kumlo wokurhweba ngabantu ngokungekho mthethweni. Isebe lophando lolwaphulo-mthetho libekwe ngokubanzi kwaye linokungenelela ngokukhawuleza kwimida.

Nokuba izilwanyana ziziswe ngabom zigula kwimida? Leyo iya kuba yindlela entsha yobunqolobi, ngokutsho kwengcali yosulelo. "Ukuba ufuna ukonakalisa ilizwe ngenjongo, iya kuba yinto enokwenzeka". Bekuya kubiza ilizwe lase-Italiya i-35 yezigidi zeerandi kwiindleko zesibhedlele ukuba iiparrothi ezosulelekileyo bezithengisiwe ngelo xesha. Ngepesenti ezintlanu yokufa kwabantu ngewayethethile ukuba kwakuya kufa abantu abali-150, ngokokuqikelelwa kweqela leengcali. Eyona njongo iphambili yale projekthi ayisiyomanyano kuphela kwimeko yemingcipheko yezempilo kunye nokwanda kolwazi malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho oluququzelelweyo olwenziwa kwilizwe liphela, kodwa nomgaqo "wezempilo omnye". Ukusukela ukusasazeka kwe-zoonoses ezinje nge-coronavirus ikwagcina imingcipheko yezoqoqosho nezempilo kwixa elizayo, iprojekthi ingathanda ukomeleza umsebenzi phakathi koogqirha bezilwanyana kunye noogqirha babantu nangakumbi. Le kuphela kwendlela apho ingozi engaziwayo inokuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kwixa elizayo kwaye idityaniswe kunye, itsho le ngcali. 

"I-Zoonoses inoxanduva lobhubhane omkhulu kwimbali yoluntu," utshilo uPaolo Zucca, umphathi weprojekthi yeprojekthi ye-Interreg. Ngokuchasene nenkolelo edumileyo, ukusasazeka kwezifo ezidluliselwa zizilwanyana ebantwini kuphezulu eMntla Melika, eYurophu naseRussia kunase-Afrika, e-Australia nase Mzantsi Melika, ngokwengxelo kagqirha kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeprojekthi, eza kuhlaziywa ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lobhubhane ekuqaleni kuka-2020. ibi. Ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19, ezona zifo zibalaseleyo zesoyotic yayiyi-Zika virus, i-SARS, i-West Nile fever, isibetho kunye ne-Ebola.

Ifakwe imaski kunye neiglavu, uFrancesco uphephezelisa ilori emnyama ecaleni kwendlela. NguJulayi 2020, kwaye emva kokutshixwa ngokungekho mthethweni kuvunyelwe ukuhambisa izilwanyana ngokungekho mthethweni ixesha elincinci, imida kunxantathu ngoku ivulekile kwakhona. Okoko uqeqesho lweprojekthi yakhe, igosa lezinto ezithengiswayo elizweni ngoku liyazi ngqo indlela yokuqonda izilwanyana ezigulayo, nendlela ezinokuzikhusela ngayo kunye nabalingane bayo emsebenzini kwaye iyayazi imigaqo yomthetho. Iingcali ngoku zisebenza kunye kwiZiko lolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-Bio: Liziko lokuqala lobukrelekrele kwezonyango kunye neZiko loPhando eliza kusekwa eYurophu. 

Umbhali: UAnastasia Lopez