UAlexandra Binder
a UMthetho woThengiso lweeNkonzoohlwaya ukophulwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwendalo ziinkampani? Ayisekho emehlweni. Imbuyekezo phambi kweenkundla zaseYurophu? Ukucinga ngeminqweno kuhlala nje ukuba imibutho yeshishini isebenza phantsi kwesitayile sentsebenziswano sokunciphisa imigaqo ecwangcisiweyo.
Umhlaza, ukukhohlela, ukungachumi. Abahlali baseChile Arica bayasokola kule nto. Ukusukela ukuba inkampani yesinyithi yaseSweden iBoliden yathumela iitoni ezingama-20.000 XNUMX zenkunkuma eyityhefu apho kwaye yahlawula inkampani yalapho ukuze iyiphathe okokugqibela. Inkampani iye yonakala. Iarsenic evela kwinkunkuma yahlala. Abantu baseArica bakhalaza. Kwaye ukhanyise phambi kwenkundla yaseSweden. Kabini-ngaphandle kokugxekwa kwi-UN Human Rights Council.
Ityala elizimeleyo? Ngelishwa, hayi. UAlejandro García kunye no-Esteban Christopher Patz abavela kwi Umdibaniso waseYurophu woBulungisa beZiko (I-ECCJ) isandula ukuphanda amatyala angama-22 eenkqubo zoluntu ngokuchasene neenkampani ze-EU zamalungelo oluntu kunye nokophulwa kwendalo phesheya kuhlalutyo lwabo "uGoliyati ukhalaza". Babini kuphela kubamangali abangama-22 abagwetywe ngokusesikweni- abahlali baseArica babengekho phakathi kwabo. Akukho namnye ummangali owanikwa imbuyekezo.
Kutheni kunje? "La matyala ahlala ezanywa phantsi komthetho welizwe apho kwenzeke khona umonakalo hayi phantsi komthetho wekomkhulu lomzali okanye lenkampani ekhokelayo," utshilo uGarcia. Ngesiqhelo, iqela labantu lihlala lenzakala-nokuba kukuwa komzi-mveliso okanye kukungcoliseka komlambo. “Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zomthetho kuzwelonke azisoloko zivumela inani elikhulu labamangali ngokudibeneyo ukuba baqinisekise amabango omonakalo.” Kwaye okokugqibela, ikho imihla emiselweyo. "Ngamanye amaxesha ufuna unyaka omnye kuphela ukuze kuqinisekiswe amabango kwizenzo zenkohlakalo." Kuyacaca ukuba iinkampani azinamdla wokuvunywa kwangoko komthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla kwinqanaba le-EU.
UMthetho wokuThengiswa kweeNkonzo Iilobbies: Ukusebenzisana njengeqhinga
"Eyona nto ingathandekiyo yile mibutho yabasebenzi ethi, phantsi kwentsebenziswano, iqinisekise ukuba imigaqo ecetyiweyo iyaphungulwa," utshilo uRachel Tansey, ochaze amaqhinga abo baphembelela umba kumthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla kuhlalutyo lwe-ECCJ "Fine Out". Ngapha koko, ayikho mbalwa imibutho yezorhwebo esebenza ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ixhase uxanduva olusemthethweni lokhathalelo. Oku kubandakanya i-AIM, umzekelo, ethi ngo-2019 ichithe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400.000 ye-euro ekungeneni kwi-EU.
I-AIM, apho iCoca-Cola, iDanone, iMars, iMondelez, iNestlé, iNike kunye ne-Unilever zingamalungu, ixhasa izixhobo zopolitiko ezikhuthaza iinkampani ukuba zihloniphe amalungelo oluntu. Umntu angathanda ukubona uxanduva lokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu "ngaphandle komda wetyala elisemthethweni". Ukuba zibandakanyiwe, i-AIM igqwetha ukubathintela "kulwaphulo-mthetho olunzima lwamalungelo oluntu". UTansey uthi, “Ukhetho lomthetho oluthandwa yi-AIM alunakubeka malungu ayo ukuphendula ngokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Ukuba uxanduva alunakunqandeka, nangona kunjalo, olona khetho lulandelayo alunwenwela kwinkampani yonke yexabiso. ”Okanye ukusebenzisa amagama ombutho wecocoa ongaphikiswayo: ukhathazeke ngokwanda komngcipheko kumatyala. "
Iilobbies: Amalinge okuzithandela njengeqweqwe
Ke kukho amaqela okuphembelela amashishini afana ne-CSR yaseYurophu. Iinjongo zabo, nangona kunjalo, kukusebenzisa amanyathelo okuzithandela oxanduva kwezentlalo njengesiqinisekiso. Uninzi lwamalungu alo aluqhelekanga kumalungelo oluntu kunye nehlazo lokusingqongileyo xa ucinga nge-VW - igama eliphambili lokukhutshwa kwehlazo, utshilo uTansey. Ngapha koko, kwangoko ngeyoMnga yowama-2020, eli qela leendwendwe labhengeza imfuneko “yokubandakanya umsebenzi osele wenziwe ziinkampani.” Ukongeza, ukubaluleka "kokuphucula imigangatho 'ukusuka ezantsi" kugxininisiwe kwaye umbono kukuba " IKhomishini ifuna ukuthembela kumashishini akukho kumiswa ngokomgangatho ". Umbutho ukwatsho ngokucacileyo ukuba yeyiphi i-CSR yaseYurophu enayo engqondweni xa isiza kuthengiso: "Ukuxhasa inkuthazo" yeenkampani kunye nezingxoxo zeshishini elitsha kunye nemanyano. Okokugqibela, kukholelwa ukuba impumelelo "iya kuxhomekeka ubukhulu becala kwintsebenziswano yecandelo labucala laseYurophu."
Iimeko ezilinganayo zomntu wonke?
Imibutho yesizwe yokuphembelela amazwe apho sele kukho umthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla okwangoku ayisebenzi. Okokuqala nokuphambili, la ngamaFrentshi. Apho kuya kufuneka ujongane nombuzo wokuba ingaba umthetho we-EU ozayo kufuneka ungqinelane nowelizwe okanye kungenjalo. Umbutho wobambiswano waseFrance i-AFEP, icacile: ulungelelwaniso, ewe, kodwa unxulunyaniswa nayo, nceda ungcolise owayo umthetho. UTansey uthi: “Injalo loo nto, e-Brussels, indawo yokuhlala iindwendwe yeenkampani ezinkulu zase-France zisebenzela ukujongela phantsi isindululo somthetho wase-Yuropu kwaye inyanzelisa izibonelelo ezibuthathaka kunase-France.” Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke le nto ngenxa yokukhuthala kwe-Ngenxa akufuneki ibandakanye utshintsho lwemozulu. Inyani yokuba inkampani iyonke ikwibhodi ye-AFEP ayisabonakali njengeyenzeka ngengozi. Ngendlela, umsebenzi wokuphembelela we-AFEP uxabisa kakhulu: ngokolwazi lwayo, ixabisa i-1,25 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka.
Ukuphazamiseka kweendawo zokuphembelela
Umbutho wamashishini waseDatshi i-VNO-NCW kunye nemibutho yeshishini laseJamani ekugqibeleni ingqina indlela elahlekisa ngayo. Abangaphambili babethetha ekhaya ukuba umthetho wokuthengwa kweempahla uza kuba kuphela kwinqanaba le-EU, kodwa hayi kwilizwe liphela. E-Brussels, nangona kunjalo, iprojekthi ichazwa njenge "engenakwenzeka" kunye ne "draconian."
Ngeli xesha, oogxa baseJamani bakwazile ukwenza buthathaka umthetho kazwelonke wokubonelela. Ngoku bazama ukwenza okufanayo eBrussels. Ngenxa yawo onke la maqhinga, lisekho ithemba elinye, eliqulunqwe ngononophelo nguTansey: "Ukuba iinkokheli zopolitiko zingangeni kumgibe wokufumana indawo ephakathi eyamkelekileyo phakathi kweebhuleki kunye neenkampani 'ezakhayo'."
INFO: Iindlela zangoku ze-lobby yeshishini
Imfuno 'yemigaqo' kunye 'enokwenzeka' imigaqo
Ugxininiso "kukukhuthaza okuhle" kwiinkampani ukuba zenze into elungileyo kwaye zijolise ukunqanda naluphi na uxanduva, oko kukuthi, iziphumo ezibi kwiinkampani ezibandakanyeka ekuxhatshazweni kwamalungelo oluntu. Yonke le nto ihlanganiswe ngamagama avakalayo anje ngala: inkxalabo malunga "nokwanda komngcipheko wokumangalelwa", "izityholo ezingenamsebenzi" kunye "nokungaqiniseki kwezomthetho". Emva koku ngumnqweno wokunciphisa umda wokukhathalela ukuhambisa ngokuthe ngqo abathengisi benkampani, okt inqanaba lokuqala kwikhonkco lexabiso lehlabathi. Uninzi lomonakalo awuwelekanga apho. Amabango asemthethweni abona babuthathaka angaphelelwa.
Ukunyanzelwa kwamanyathelo e-CSR ngokuzithandela
Rhoqo ezi sele zikhona-ziphunyezwa lushishino, zingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo kwaye zenze ukuba inyathelo lowiso-mthetho liyimfuneko kwasekuqaleni.
Ukulinganisa ibala lokudlala
Ngaphantsi kwesiqubulo esithi "inqanaba lokudlala", amashishini aseFrance asele enomthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla-okwangoku anyanzelisa ukuba umthetho we-EU ulingane nomgangatho wawo.
Inkohliso
EJamani naseNetherlands, imibutho yezoshishino iyaphikisana nezindululo zayo zomthetho kwaye ikhuthaza isisombululo se-EU. Kwinqanaba le-EU, emva koko bazama ukwenza buthathaka kwaye bajongele phantsi le drafti iyunifom.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
