Elizabeth Oberzaucher
Kwiqela leentlobo eziphilayo ezifana neHomo sapiens, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokwenza izigqibo ezichaphazela ngaphezulu komntu omnye: Nokuba yeyiphi na ifika kwisivumelwano ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi engaphezulu okanye encinci okanye kukho isilwanyana se-alpha esibeka ithoni. Xa umntu esenza isigqibo, sihlala sikhawuleza kunenkqubo yedemokhrasi. Iindleko zenkqubo elungelelaniswe ngokweziqendu kukuba izigqibo azibonisi sisombululo esisasaza ngokufanelekileyo iindleko kunye nezibonelelo. Ngokufanelekileyo, wonke umntu ubandakanyeka ekwabelaneni ngeenjongo kunye nezimvo, ngenxa yoko akukho nto inokubakho kwimpikiswano, kwaye wonke umntu unokusebenza kunye ukufezekisa ezi njongo. Kunqabile ukuba kungabikho kungqubana kwalo naluphi na uhlobo phakathi kweenjongo zomntu, yiyo loo nto imeko ichaze nje imida kwi-utopia.
Umthunzi kwicala lokuvumelana
Ukuba siyahambelana, siqubha kakhulu kunye nokuhamba, asiyiloyilo. Iingcamango ezintsha zidla ngokwenziwa kukuba umntu akatshintshiwe, uzama izinto ezintsha kwaye uyila. Ngenxa yoko, ingcinga yehlabathi elungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo inokubukeka inomdla, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha inokuba yinto engasebenzi kakuhle, kungabikho nto yakha yenziweyo okanye inkqubela phambili ngenxa yokunqongophala kwengxabano kunye nokukhuthaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzinza kuyingozi kungekuphela kwi-biology kodwa nakwinqanaba lenkcubeko. Ngelixa izinto ezintsha (kwimbonakalo yenguquko yemfuzo) zisenzeka rhoqo kwindaleko, ukusekwa kwazo, okukhokelela ekuveleni kwezinto ezintsha kunye nohlobo olutsha, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokukhetha ezikhuthaza ukumka kwendabuko. Njengotshintsho olungalindelekanga yinxalenye yehlabathi lethu, ukuguquguquka esikufumanayo ngokwahluka kunye nokuphupha kukuphela kwendlela yokusinda okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yentlalo. Ke kukungonwabi, ukungalungelelani, abaguquli abagcina uluntu luphila oluvalela ukuba bangathathi ntweni kwaye batyebile, bafuna ukuba baqhubeke nokuvela. Ke ubuncinci bempixwano buyafuneka, njengoko iibhloko zisendleleni yokufezekisa iinjongo zethu zikhuthaza ubuchule kunye nezinto ezintsha. Umsebenzi woluntu onobuntu kukulima ezi ngxabano njengezizathu zokuzala ngelixa uthintela ukunyuka okuchaseneyo.
Iingcamango kunye neminqweno yomntu ngamnye ayihambelani. Ke owona mnqweno uphezulu omnye usenokuba yeyona nto imbi kakhulu ebusuku. Ukuba izimvo zabathathi-nxaxheba zihlukane kakhulu, oku kunokubangela ubunzima, ukuze isivumelwano singabonakali ngathi sinokwenzeka. Iziphumo zokungavisisani okunjalo zinokubini. Nokuba unokuphumelela ukuphuma endleleni ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela unciphise ukubakho kwengxabano, okanye, ukuba ayenzeki, ungangqubana. Kodwa kukho nokhetho lwesithathu: Ukuxoxa ngolungelelwano olushiya omabini amaqela kancinci emva kweenjongo zawo, kodwa esondela kuwo kancinci.
Qhoboshela kuthintelo lwempixwano
Ungqubano kuwo onke amaqela angalunganga. Ukunyuselwa kwidabi lokulwa emzimbeni ikakhulu kuthintelwa kangangexesha elide kubukumkani bezilwanyana kwaye kusetyenziswa kuphela njengendawo yokugqibela xa bonke abanye oovimba bephelisiwe. Iindleko ezinkulu zokuxinana komzimba zenza ukuba kungabikho ndlela inomdla kuninzi kwimeko ezininzi. Ukulalanisa kuthetha ukuba injongo yomntu ayifezekiswanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ubuncinci, ngelixa ungqubana nengozi umngcipheko ungapheleli nje ekufezekiseni injongo yakho, kodwa neziphumo zongquzulwano (ngokwasemzimbeni ngendlela Ukwenzakala, ngokwezoqoqosho ngokweendleko ezibonakalayo).
Ukufumana isisombululo sokungalalanisi kunokuba yinto ende kwaye kube nzima ukwenza oko, kodwa izinto zentlalo ziyasinceda ukuhambisa ezo nkqubo: Imithetho ebekiweyo iyanceda ekunciphiseni ukungqubana ngokulawula ukuhlangana kwentlalo.
Isikhundla kunye nendawo
I-Hierarchies kunye nemimandla ubukhulu becala ikhona ukuseka imigaqo yokuhambelana kwethu noluntu, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa iimbambano. Zombini zinonxibelelwano olungendawo kukuqonda kwemihla ngemihla, kwaye ngokubanzi azidibananga ngokulungelelana. Ayimangalisi loo nto, kuba sisoloko sibona amaxwebhu endalo esilwela ubukhulu okanye imimandla. Ngokwenyani, amadabi anqabile kakhulu. Iimpikiswano eziphikisayo malunga nenqanaba nendawo zenzeka kuphela ukuba amabango akahlonitshwanga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, kuyingenelo kwabo baphantsi kwizikhundla ukuba babahlonele, kuba ii-hierarchies, ngemithetho yabo yendalo, zilawula amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yabantu ukuze ukungavisisani kunqabile. Ke ngelixa iRangherher izuza ngakumbi, iluncedo kubo bonke, ingaphazamisi uxolo. Oku kuyasebenza nakwimimandla: oku kuxhomekeka kulawulo lwendawo. Umnini wentsimi ngulo obeka imigaqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ibango lelona lungu liphezulu okanye umniniyo ligxile kakhulu kangangokuba amanye amalungu eqela alichazwanga ngokupheleleyo, inokwenzeka into yokuba babuze amabango kwaye bazise imbambano.
Ubulungisa ke ngoko budlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubeni isisombululo sokulalanisa siyasebenza okanye asisebenzi. Ukuba siziva siphathwa ngokungekho sikweni, siyamelana. Olu luvo lwezinto ezamkelekileyo, nezingenanto, zibonakala ngathi zahlukile kwizilwanyana eziphilayo ngokwamaqela. Kuyaziwa ixesha elithile ukuba ii-primates ezingezomntu ziyacaphuka xa ziphathwa ngokungekho sikweni. Izifundo zamva nje zibonakalisa indlela efanayo yokuziphatha kwizinja. Ixabiso lomvuzo alinamsebenzi de omnye umntu afumane ngaphezulu kwesenzo esifanayo nesakho.
Umona njengophawu lwentlalo
Ke asikhathalelanga ukuba iimfuno zethu zigutyungelwe na, kodwa ngakumbi nokuba abanye banezinto ezingaphezulu kwesethu.Ukuqonda okungekho sesikweni kuzisa kunye nayo, njengendawo enesithunzi, umona ongasabaphathiyo abanye njengathi. kodwa isentloko ekuqinisekiseni ubulungisa kwinkqubo yentlalo. Ngokwenza njalo, siyaqinisekisa ukuba ukungathobeki akufumaneki ngendleko zokuncinci kodwa nje. Ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lolunye apho onke amaqela axhamla kwaye atyale imali khona. Oku kusebenza kakuhle ngokwamaqela ubukhulu bawo bulawuleka. Apha, abo baphula imithetho banokuchongwa ngokulula kwaye bengezelele inzuzo yabo ngokuchaphazela abanye. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kokuzingca kunokukhokelela kukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwiinkqubo zenkxaso okanye isohlwayo esicacileyo.
Amandla noxanduva
Kwiintlobo eziphilayo ngokwamaqela ezilungelelaniswe ngokobuqu, isikhundla esiphakamileyo sihlala sinxulumene noxanduva ngakumbi nangomngcipheko. Nangona isilwanyana sifumana iingenelo kwisikhundla saso esiphakamileyo, umzekelo, ngokufikelela kukhetho kwizibonelelo, ikwanoxanduva lokuhlala kakuhle kweqela laso. Oku kuthetha ukuba, umzekelo, umntu okwinqanaba eliphezulu ngumntu wokuqala ukujongana nengozi. Ukwala okanye ukungakwazi ukuthatha uxanduva kuya kuphumela ekulahlekelweni kwesikhundla. Olu nxibelelwano luthe ngqo phakathi kwenqanaba lentlalontle kunye nomngcipheko lwalondolozwe kwiinkqubo zethu zezopolitiko ukuya kuthi ga kumhlaba wamaxesha aphakathi- ngendlela yeekhontrakthi zentlalo, iinkosi zazinyanzelekile kwiinkosi zazo. Kwiidemokhrasi zangoku, le nto yokunxibelelana iyachithwa. Ukusilela kwezopolitiko akusekho ngokuzenzekelayo kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwesikhundla. Ukulawulwa ngokuthe ngqo kokulungeleleneyo kwisimo sokungathobeki kuthintelwa ziinguqu eziguqulweyo kunye nokuchongwa kwabo banembopheleleko ngokunjalo. Kwelinye icala, siyathemba ukuba iinkqubo zedemokhrasi ziya kukhokelela kulungelelwaniso olukhokelela ekusasazeni ngokufanelekileyo. Isidingo sokuhlolwa rhoqo kukhetho lukarhulumente sisisombululo sokunxaxha, esiqinisekisa ukuba idemokhrasi njengeyona ndlela imbi kaRhulumente ihlala ibhetele kunenye - ubuncinci lo gama amalungu eqela esebenzisa uvavanyo.
Imfundo kunye nokuziphatha okuyimfuneko
Kuluntu lwanamhlanje olungaziwayo, le nkqubo ayinakusinceda nganto, kwaye okuseleyo kuhlala kungumona ngaphandle kokuphumeza iinjongo zokuqala ezilungileyo. Iindlela zethu zolawulo azonelanga kubunzima beli xesha loluntu kwaye zibangela ukuba indleko zedemokhrasi ezifumanekayo zingahlali zisasazwa ngokulinganayo. Ukunqongophala koxanduva lomntu ngamnye nokudityaniswa kwamandla kunye nomngcipheko, idemokhrasi iqhuba umngcipheko wokusilela ekufezekiseni amabango ethu ezomthetho. Kungenxa yoko le nto sifuna abahlali abanolwazi, nabaziphethe kakuhle behlala bebonisa kwezi ndlela ezisisiseko kwaye bakhanyisela iziphumo zezenzo zabo ukukhusela amaxabiso esintu.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
