IJinrg Hinners
Ngokuya kuhlalutyo lokuhamba nguMbutho woPhando ngeHolide kunye nohambo, i-2013 40 ipesenti yabaphenduli bathi bafuna iholide ecocekileyo enobuhlobo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, yayiyipesenti ye-31 kuphela. Iiholide ezamkeleke ngokwasentlalweni, okt iimeko zomsebenzi ezisebenzayo kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwabemi bendawo, ndinqwenela nangakumbi, ipesenti ye46 enekratshi.
Umnqweno wethu wokuhamba uchaphazela umhlaba. Ukukhutshwa okungcoliseko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kungenelela kwindalo kunye nasentlalweni kwendawo nganye yeholide. Kuqikelelwa ukuba isabelo sezokhenketho kwimveliso ye-CO2 yehlabathi sele ikwiipesenti ezili-12 kulo nyaka. Ke siyacotha kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo siyazitshabalalisa izinto esizifunayo: indawo esingqongileyo yangaphakathi kunye nokusebenza kwezakhiwo zoluntu. Ke ngoko, iholide yethu ikwaxhasa ukutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ixesha leholide yokuqonda
Ngethamsanqa, abo banqwenela ukuhlala njengabanobungqongileyo kwindalo kangangoko kunokwenzeka eholideyini baya kufumana izibonelelo ezizihombisayo ezinje ngezi "uzinzo", "mnene" okanye "iholide eluhlaza". Kulo nyaka kukho ngaphezulu kweetywina ezili-100 kunye nezatifikethi ekujongwe ukuba kunqumle indlela ehlathini lokubonelela ngeeholide. Kodwa ayizizo zonke ezinentsingiselo ngokulinganayo. Abanye banikwa kuphela phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo, ngelixa abanye beqeshisa ngokufanelekileyo ngababoneleli ngokwabo. Abahlobo beNdalo yeHlabathi I-Vienna kunye neminye imibutho i-20 ekhokelela kwiilebheli zokugcina ukhenketho ezikhethwe ngokwemigaqo yovavanyo. Ukongeza kwi-Austrian I-Ecolabel yezokhenketho EYurophu badibana ne "Blue Swallow" kunye ne "CSR" itywina. Nikeza ngehlabathi jikelele "Jonga umhlaba"Me"Iglobhu eluhlaza"Ujoliso olunokuthenjwa.
Singayikhusela indalo ngokukhetha iarhente yethu yokuhamba. Ukufika kunye nokuhamba kunye nesiqithi kwindawo yeholide kubangela ukuba zijikeleze iikota ezintathu zazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi, ngelixa indawo yokuhlala ibangela ipesenti ze-20. Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ojikelezayo ukusuka eYurophu ukuya kwiCaribbean kukodwa kubangela ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-CO2 kunokuba umntu omnye elindele into ngonyaka omnye ukusuka kumbono ozinzileyo.
I-mismatch inokuphuculwa kuphela ngokuhlala ixesha elide. Nabani na obhabha uye ngaphaya kweekhilomitha ze-2.000 kufuneka ahlala iiveki ezimbini ubuncinci. Kufuneka nje ube nakho ukuyithenga ... Iikhefu ezikwidolophu emfutshane nazo zinobungozi kwimozulu, ubuncinci qho xa usiza ngenqwelomoya. Ukuba uyayithanda indalo yethu, ungathabatha uhambo ngeempelaveki ngebhasi okanye ngololiwe. Mhlawumbi indlela yokuhamba iya kugcinwa isengozini enkulu yokuyekiswa - uloliwe ebusuku. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemfuno, iinkampani zikaloliwe ezingaphezulu kwe-Europe ziyasusa esi sibonelelo kwithayimthebhile.
Ukhenketho oluzinzileyo lufuna intshukumo "ethambileyo" kwindawo yokuchithela. "I-Alpine Pearls", uphawu lwe-umbrella lwe-29 indawo yokuchitha iholide kumazwe amathandathu, ibalaselisa imizamo yayo kule ndawo. Iibhayisekile kunye nezithuthi zombane ziyafumaneka ezidolophini, kukho iiSegways kunye nee-scooters. Ngokucaphukisa, undwendwe lucelwa ukuba luxhalabele uhlobo lweholide yalo kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka luhambe ngololiwe. Inkonzo yokuthathwa kwabantu icwangciswa ziiofisi zabakhenkethi. Nabani na osadla ukutya kwalapha ekhaya, onomdla kwinkcubeko yengingqi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemidlalo ngaphandle koncedo lweenjini zokudibanisa, ngokwenene ungumenzi weholide ozinzileyo.
Uxanduva lwemozulu amaqela okuhamba
Iinkampani zokhenketho ziyazi ukuba zona kunye nabathengi bazo abanegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu, kuya kufuneka bathwale neziphumo zazo. Nokuba ikhava evaliweyo yekhephu kwiindawo eziphantsi zeentaba ayizukufumaneka kwixesha elizayo okanye ukuba amanzi aya kunqongophala kwiindawo ezikumazantsi eeholide. "Utshintsho lwemozulu lubeka ingxaki kubakhenkethi abaphambili: Kwelinye icala, bayaqonda ukuba ukukhusela imozulu kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcinweni kwemveliso nakwimpumelelo yezoqoqosho. Kwelinye icala, ukukhuselwa kwemozulu okusebenzayo kuya kuthetha uhlengahlengiso olusisiseko lwemodeli yabo yesiko. Ulwandiso lobuchule lweendawo ezinemfuno ephezulu kakhulu, ezinje ngeenqwelomoya umgama omde okanye iiholide ezimfutshane, akufuneki zityhalelwe phambili kule fomu. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemarike kunye nexesha elifutshane lokucinga ngenzuzo, abo bathatha izigqibo kolu shishino basazoyikisela amanyathelo 'okwenyani' okhuselo lwemozulu. ”UAndreas Zotz wafikelela kwesi sigqibo kuphando olwenziwa ngo-2009.
"Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lweentengiso kunye nokucinga kwengeniso yexesha elifutshane, abathathi bezigqibo kumzi-mveliso basaqhubeka nokuzikhusela kwiindlela zokwenyani zokhuselo lwemozulu.
UAndreas Zotz, uSifundo "uKomelela kuKhenketho"
I-TUI, ngokufika kwemali engaphezu kwe-15 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro ezikhulu ezokhenketho, iseke eyayo "ulawulo oluzinzileyo". Harald Zeiss ukhokelela kule ndawo. Uthi: "Nangona kuncitshiswa komoya okhutshwa rhoqo nge-capita kufezekiswa ngokuphuculwa rhoqo kwintsebenzo yeenqwelo-moya, ukutshisa iparafini kungakhokelela kwimveliso ekhuthazayo enobushushu. Oku kuyenzeka xa uhlala ehotele kunye nokutshintshelwa kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya ukuya ehotele nasemva. Apha apha, kukhutshwa izinto ezongezelelweyo ezikhutshwayo. "
I-TUIfly izama ukuqhuba kakuhle kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngenqanawa yanamhlanje kunye nosetyenziso oluphezulu, engakhuseli indalo esingqongileyo, kodwa kunye nerejista yemali yenkampani. Kwakhona, Iqela libonelela ngepakethi yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kuloliwe obandakanyiweyo kwaye ndinethemba lokuba abathengi bayo kwindlela eya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya bayishiya imoto. I-TUI ihamba inyawo elinye ukuya kwelinye kwaye inyanzelise uhambo loosomashishini lwabo bonke abasebenzi be-TUI Jamani, eqhutywa ngenqwelomoya. Ngenxa yoko, i-40.000 Euro nayo iya kutyala imali rhoqo ngonyaka kwiiprojekthi zokukhusela imeko yemozulu. Isiseko sisekwe eSwitzerland kwaye siququzelela iiprojekthi zokhuselo lwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukuzonwabisa okanye isenzo esihle?
IAirlines yaseAustria nayo izibophelele ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo. Kodwa ngenene abonakali ngathi bafuna ukubhengeza oko ngendlela ecaphukisayo. Kuphela ngabo bakhangela ixesha elide kwiwebhusayithi ekugqibeleni abaya kulufumana olu luvo: "Siyalixhasa inyathelo lokhuselo lwemozulu I-Austria. Ngale nto, abakhweli bethu banokude babuyekeze ngokuzithandela kwimveliso ye-CO2 eveliswa ngenqwelomoya xa bathenga amatikiti. "Kodwa bangaphi abakhweli abasebenzisa esi sibonelelo? "Iipesenti ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu kuphela," uvuma uAndrea Stockinger, umphathi weprojekthi kwi-Climate Austria, "I-Tendency inyuka kancinci".
Ayizizo zonke izihlobo zemozulu ezonwabileyo ngale ndlela yembuyekezo. "Intlawulo yembuyekezo yokuzithandela yeekhilomitha zomoya kuphela kwesona sisombululo sisibini," utshilo uGqr. UChristian Baumgartner, uMlawuli oLawulayo weNdalo zaManye amaZwe. Abanye abagxeki bade bagxeke iintlawulo zembuyekezo ze-CO2 njengezivumelwano zokuzonwabisa, kuba imbuyekezo inciphisa kuphela kodwa ayinakukuthoba ukunyuka kokukhutshwa kwe-CO2. Eyona nto intle iya kwenziwa ngaphandle kweenqwelomoya. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuhamba komoya ukuya kwiiholide akulilungelo elisisiseko, kodwa kuphela kukuqhakaza koluntu olufumileyo, ukuqala kwiminyaka ye-70 yenkulungwane edluleyo. Kodwa akukho lula oko. Ukhenketho lunomsebenzi obalulekileyo woqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi asakhulayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba unciphise imiphumo emibi yokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ezoqoqosho ezilungileyo. Umzekelo, ngoJanuwari 2014, I-UN General Assembly yathi ukhenketho oluzinzileyo kuMbindi Merika luyinjini yokuphelisa intlupheko, "yintsika yokudityaniswa kwengingqi, injini yophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho lwalo mmandla." Iinkampani ezinkulu zokuhamba zinokukhuthaza oku. Nokuba kungokunikezelwa ngeholide ezinzileyo kwezi ngingqi okanye kwiiprojekthi zophuhliso lwesiza.
Iiprojekthi zemozulu kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo
Umzekelo olungileyo woku yiprojekthi yokulungiswa kwamahlathi evela myclimate eNicaragua. Kumasipala waseSan Juan de Limay, amafutshane abuyiselwe umhlaba ongaphezulu kweehektare ze-2011 ukusukela kwi643, ehambelana namabala ebhola ye900. I-myclimate ithathela ingqalelo ixabiso leprojekthi njengeliphezulu kakhulu kuba le ndawo yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaleni, enengxaki yokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nezikhukula. Indawo yehlathi eyandisiweyo isebenza njengesiponji. Ngexesha lemvula, ifumana amanzi kwaye ke kunciphisa izikhukula;
Iprojekthi yokusingqongileyo enikezelweyo ikwabeka izitovu zokupheka ezifanelekileyo ezisebenzisa amandla eziko, ezinciphisa kakhulu amanqanaba omsi wasendlini, ongaphezu kwako konke okuluncedo kwimpilo yabasetyhini.
Ukuphucula iimeko zokuhlala, ukulondolozwa kwesazisi kwinkcubeko kumazwe asindileyo, ukukhusela indalo kunye nemozulu, kunye nokulondolozwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi kunye nezihloko ezibalulekileyo zeqela lesibini labakhenkethi laseYurophu, uThomas Cook. Iindawo ezininzi zomqhubi okhenketha zibekwe kwimimandla eyomileyo. Ngokudibana nephulo lokuzinzisa I-futouris, uThomas Cook ke uqalisa iprojekthi "yaManzi axabisekileyo" kulo nyaka.
Kwisigaba sokuqala ehlotyeni ngo-2014, kuya kwenziwa “iinyawo zamanzi” ezicacisiweyo kwiihotele ezilishumi elinesibini zikaThomas Cook kwisiqithi saseGrisi iRhodes. Ezi “nyathela zamanzi” zenzelwe ukuveza amandla okonga amanzi kunye neendleko. Ukongeza ekusebenziseni "ngokuthe ngqo" kwamanzi, ukusetyenziswa "okungangqalanga", okwenzekayo, umzekelo, kwimveliso yokutya kwehotele kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ikwaqukiwe kuvavanyo. Isiphumo sencwadana yolawulo lwamanzi kwindalo iphela enjongo yayo ikukusebenza njengesikhokelo kunye nokujoliswa kokonga kuzo zonke iihotele ezingumbono. Kwisigaba sesibini seprojekthi, iingcebiso ziyenziwa kukhetho oluthile lokuphucula. Iihotele ezikulungeleyo ukuphumeza ezi zinto ziya kufumana uqeqesho kulawulo lwamanzi kubasebenzi kunye nezixhobo zokwazisa iindwendwe. Ngokwesiqubulo, yenza into entle kwaye uthethe ngayo. Ngaba le yindlela abathengi abonwaba ngayo ngeholide ezinzileyo?
Indawo yokuphumla: uxanduva lomhambi
Ukujikeleza iipesenti ze-20 zabahambi kufuneka bazimisele ukuhlawula ngaphezulu ngeholide ezinzileyo. Ngayiphi na imeko, kwithi. Xa uziqhelanisa, nangona kunjalo, izinto ilanga, ukuphumla kunye nexabiso zezona zizathu zibalulekileyo zokukhetha indawo oya kuyo ngeholide okanye kwifom yeholide. "Abathengi abazilindelanga ukuchitha imali eninzi kwiiholide ezizinzileyo, utshilo u-Ury Steinweg, umphathi olawula umboneleli ngohambo lofundo uGebeco. Nangona kunjalo, ubona inqaku elidibeneyo: "Ngokunikezelwa okufanayo, umthengi uthatha isigqibo kodwa ulungele oko kuzinzileyo."
"Ngokubonelela okufanayo, umthengi uthatha isigqibo kodwa ulungele oko kuzinzileyo."
Ury Steinweg, Gebeco
Ukunyaniseka kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Abagxeki bayathanda ukuthetha ngokutshiswa kobushushu eluhlaza xa imisebenzi ebhengeziweyo yendalo iphela igcina inezinto ezingephi kwimozulu nakwimeko yokusingqongileyo. Ezinye iiprojekthi zokutsalwa kwemithi ziwela kolu luhlu kunini xa imithi egawulweyo igawulwa ukuze yenziwe ifenitshala. Xa umonakalo owenzekileyo ungenakukwazi ukwenziwa ngamanyathelo embuyekezo CO2.
Imozulu: Uhambo olunesono
Iliso elibukhali likwalungele nokuhamba ngenqanawa. Uninzi lwezi hotele zee Mega-hotele zivelisa amandla azo ngeoyile enzima, imveliso yenkunkuma kumzi weoyile engagcwali kakhulu, kodwa kunye ne-carcinogenic kwaye yonakalisa uhlobo. Enye indlela ecocekileyo iya kuba ziinqanawa nge-LPG propulsion, kodwa ukuguqulwa okunjalo akunakwenzeka ngeenqanawa ezindala. Kwaye ke ngenqanawa eqhutywa ngokokuhamba kwenqanawa kuqubha ukungcola okuninzi kuhambo olunye lolwandle njengeemoto ezizigidi ezintlanu kwindlela enokuthelekiswa. Oku kubalwe yi-Naturschutzbund Deutschland- asisihambelani kakuhle nemozulu yethu. Ukuba usalangazelela izibuko ezikude, ungakhangela iinqanawa ngokusebenza kwe-LPG okanye ubhukishe indawo ehamba ngolwandle ngolwandle ngenqanawa.
Okokuqala ngqa ngaphezulu kwekhulu lesigidi seeholide zangaphandle zibala umbutho wokhenketho wehlabathi 2012. Kwaye kwixa elizayo abantu abangakumbi baya kuhamba. Ke ngoko masicinge kancinci malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye nemozulu kwisicwangciso seholide esilandelayo. Masikwazise, kuba iiholide ezizinzileyo zinokwenzeka kwaye ziyafikeleleka. Ukuhamba ngeenyawo kwiDanube. Ngebhayikhi ukuya eAdriatic. Okanye ukuhamba ngeenyawo ukuya eIndiya. Sinayo ezandleni zethu.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock, MyClimate.
