Ursula Wastl
Ikomityi yekofu njengenxalenye yesiko lasekuseni- ngokokuphononongwa -iipesenti ze-60 kakuhle zabemi ekuqaleni kosuku olutsha. Nokuba ikofu yokucoca ikofu okanye i-espresso ifumana imibuzo emininzi yokholo. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abantu abayaziyo ukuba ngaphandle kohlobo lokulungiselela, ukuvuna, ukubhula kunye namanzi afanelekileyo kubalulekile, kodwa okokuqala ngokwahlukeneyo kunye nomgangatho weebhulukhwe. Ukukhetha kukwenza iBarista, ingcali yekofu.
Ngokwembono yezityalo, ityholo lekhofi lelosapho lweRubiaceae, uhlobo lweCoffea, kwaye ibandakanya iintlobo ezili-124 ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, iArabica kunye neRobusta zizenzele njengezona zibalulekileyo zekofu. IArabica ngokubanzi ithathwa njengeyona ikumgangatho ophezulu wekofu. Xa kuthelekiswa, iimbotyi zakho zinomxholo osezantsi wecaffeine kunye ne-chlorogenic acid kwaye ke incasa ithambile. Nangona ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yibhontshisi yasezintabeni, kukwakho namazwe apho inokufumaneka kwiindawo eziphantsi. I-Robusta, kwelinye icala, ikhula kwiindawo ezisezantsi, ezishushu kwaye iyazikhusela kwizilwanyana ezixhaphakileyo ngokuvelisa icaffeine eninzi. Ukongeza koku kungasentla, zininzi ezinye iindidi ezilinyelwa ukuthengiswa kwaye zilungele iimfuno zalapha ekhaya okanye iimveliso zeeniche zabathandi bekofu, kodwa ezi zidlala indima enkulu kwintengiso zehlabathi.
"Le potoni kaSathana imnandi kakhulu kunokuba lihlazo ukuyishiya kubantu abangakholwayo."
UPopu Clement VII
Ngokwesiko umntu uthetha ngomxube wekofu kunye nesabelo sikaRobusta se (ekumazantsi) e-Italian. I-Itali, ngakumbi emazantsi, asezantsi, amaxabiso aphantsi, ahlala etyholwa ngeRobusta iibhlothi ziye zongezwa kumxube omhlophe waseArabica ukuze uzungeleze incasa yazo kunye nokwenza ikhrismesi egqibeleleyo. I-Robusta Bean inomdla ngakumbi, yomelele kunambitheko kwaye ivelise i-firmma ethembekileyo.
Izinto ezinjengobushushu, ukuna kwemvula, ukuqina kwelanga kunye nomgangatho womhlaba ngexesha lokuvuna kuchaphazela incasa. Ke ngoko, ukuvunwa kweminyaka eyahlukeneyo kwingingqi efanayo kunokwahluka ngokungaqhelekanga.
Iindidi zekofu ezingakumbi
• I-Libelika-Uluhlu lwendalo lweentlobo lusemazantsi e-Ntshona Afrika, kodwa lukhula nakwi-Southeast Asia. Isityalo esinganyangeki kakhulu esinomxholo ophezulu we-caffeine.
I-Stenophylla - Ikhula kwi-Ivory Coast, kodwa ngoku iyalima eGhana naseNigeria. Ifuna amanzi amancinci kwaye akukho nto ingeniswa ngokuthe ngqo eYurophu.
• I-Excelsa-Ngokwenyani iyantlukwano yeembotyi zaseLibhiya. Ikhula kakuhle kumhlaba owomileyo. Ngokukhethekileyo akhule eChad kwaye enza ingxelo malunga nepesenti enye yemveliso yekofu yehlabathi.
• I-Maragogype - Ukuba uwela iimbotyi zesityalo seArabica kunye nezo zebhabhathane yekofu, uya kufumana iintlobo ngeMaragogype. Oku kuphawulwa yiphunga elimdaka kunye nomxholo ophantsi weCaffeine. Iindawo eziphambili zokulima yiNicaragua neMexico.
Imvelaphi enye - ukucoceka kweendidi
Igama lesiNgesi elithi "Imvelaphi enye" libhekisa kwimvelaphi yekofu. Ukuze ikofu inikwe esi sihloko, zonke iimbotyi zekofu kufuneka zivela kwindawo enye kwaye akufuneki zidityaniswe nezinye iintlobo zekofu. Ikofu ivela kwindawo, kwifama. Kuyafana newayini enekofu eyahlukeneyo: iimpawu zomkhenkce zichazwa ngakumbi kwaye zihambelana ngqo kudidi olunye, ngelixa "ukudibanisa" -kufana ne-cuvée - waye "pimped".
Iimpawu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zifezekiswa ngokudibanisa. Kuxhomekeke kudibaniso lwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nomxube wokudibanisa, iincasa ezintsha ziyavela amaxesha ngamaxesha. I-palate isusela kwitshokholethi emnyama ngaphezulu kwamandongomane agqithisiweyo ukuya kwiziqhamo zehlathi elinamagqabi.
Ibiza kakhulu ihlala ihlala ithengiswa kwiimbotyi, ekubunjweni kwayo isilwanyana ngesandla. Ke ngoko kukho uhlobo oluye lwatyelwa lwaza lwakhutshwa ziintaka ezinjengeenkukhu (iJacu). Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwi-Kopi Luwak, enokufunyanwa ekukhutsheni uhlobo lweekati zezilwanyana.
"Yeyona nto intle kwindlu yekofu. Awukho ekhaya kwaye okwangoku awukho kumoya omtsha.
Isithethi sikaPeter Altenberg
Ikofu kumntu wonke!
Ndisesembindini we19. Kwinkulungwane ye-19, ikofu yayiyinto entle eyayinokufumana imali kuphela kunye ne-bourgeoisie ephezulu. Namhlanje, iimbotyi ezibandakanyekayo kunyango lomntu wonke. Phakathi kwe-7,5 kunye ne-8 yezigidi zeetoni zekhofi egazisiweyo ityiwa emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka.I-Austria ikwindawo yesibini kwiFinland naseNorway ngokokusetyenziswa kwepropita nganye. Ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno ingaka, ukulima kunye nokuqhubekeka kusebenza ngoku kuqoqosho.
Ukubhonga kuyayenza
Uninzi lweekhofi zee brand ezinkulu zixutywe kwinkqubo eshushu yomoya kangangemizuzu emibini ukuya kwemihlanu kwi600 ukuya kwi-800 ° C. Ukufikelela kwihafu yetoni yekofu kungenziwa ngenkqubo enkulu ngaxeshanye. Ikofu eshushu ke idityaniswa ngamanzi. Imbotyi ifumana ukufuma kwakhona, ukuze kungene, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa ubunzima bekofu eluhlaza ngokugazinga, kuchasene noko. Kwabaqulunqi bevenkile ethengisa ikofu kwi-Intanethi "coffee Circle" (www.c coffeeecircle.com) inkqubo enjalo iphume kumbuzo: "Ukuthoba ubunzima bomzimba kuthetha ukuba iibhontshisi zekofu ezincinci kwisiphumo sekofu zineendleko ezincinci kunambitheka okuncinci. Inkqubo yokushushuza komoya oshushu iyinkqubo eqhutywa yimidla yoqoqosho. Nangona uninzi lweevenkile ezinkulu zecofi ziyathengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu emva kosuku, banambitha ubukrakra kwaye abunakuphikiswa. "U-Oliver Götz noChristian Schrödl, abasunguli besixhobo sokupheka ikofu" Alt Wien "(www.altwien.at), bayosa iimbotyi zekofu besebenzisa enye indlela eyahlukileyo, epholileyo: “Ngathi, iqondo lobushushu kwi-zenith yegubu liphakathi kwama-200 nama-220 degrees. Inkqubo yokosa ithatha phakathi kwemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-25, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwekofu. Emva koko ikofu egqityiweyo kufuneka izipholise kwisisefe sokupholisa kangangemizuzu elishumi ukuya kweli-15 ngokuhamba rhoqo phambi kokuba kususwe amatye kunye nobunye ubumdaka kumgibeli wamatye. "
Ukugcobhoza linyathelo lokuqala lokugqibela ekuhlaziyeni iimbotyi zekofu, kunye nokutshintsha okuntsonkothileyo kwamakhemikhali okwenzekayo. I-Sugars kunye ne-amino acid zidityaniswa kwaye ixabiswe i-1000 flavors ziyenza. UKatrin Engel weSekethe yeKhofi uyazi: "Nokuba ukungqinelana kwekofu kuxhomekeke kudidi kunye nasekubhalweni kokubhalwa. I-asidi yeziqhamo ezinobukrakra eziqulathwe kwikofu ngokuthe ngcembe ziyancitshiswa ngexesha lokugaya. Kwimeko yokugcaya kufutshane kakhulu kwaye kushushu kwimizi-mveliso, ezi ikakhulu zisahleli kwiimbotyi zekofu kwaye kunokukhokelela ekucaphukisweni kolusu lwe-mucous membrane. "
Kukukhanya okanye kumnyama?
Ukuwola ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile kwimveliso yokugqibela kwikomityi. UOliver Götz: "Kucace gca kwaye ikofu iphenduka imuncu. Kumnyama kakhulu, kwaye uba krakra, ngenxa yokuba zonke ii-nuances ezingathandekiyo zitshisiwe. Indlela yethu yokugazinga iphakathi kwezi zinto zimbini zigqithisileyo: Sizama ukufumana intsingiselo yegolide phakathi kohlobo lokukhanya okukhaphukhaphu, olusetyenziswa ikakhulu eNyakatho Yurophu, eJamani naseMelika kwaye livelise ukukhanya kakhulu, ikofu ac acid, kunye nomzantsi mpuma weNtaliyane. ezibonakala zibangela ukrakra, iimveliso eziphelileyo. Sikholelwa ukuba ikofu yethu inokuphuhla ngokugqibeleleyo. Kunzima ukuyifaka kwiidrowa, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba siyithande iRoast City epheleleyo. Kungoko sinokuthintela ukuphazamisa i-acid kwikofu kwaye singayonakalisi i-nuances yeencasa.
Ikhofi enomhlaba ngokukhawuleza ilahlekelwa yiphunga. Apha kukho umahluko, njengoko ikofu yomhlaba inokuphinda iphawuleke kwakhona kunakuba kufakwe umhlaba we-Siebträgerzubereitung, ukanti ikofi ikofu, ebisele ingumhlaba, iwotshi ikhawuleza kuneebhulukhwe. Ke: musa ukugcina ikofu yomhlaba ngaphezulu kweveki.
Espresso efanelekileyo
Ingcali u-Oliver Götz uyazi ngqo indlela yokwenza i-espresso egqibeleleyo: "Ewe, ukhetho lomatshini lubalulekile. Kodwa okona kubaluleke ngakumbi kukucoceka xa ulungiselela. Umatshini kufuneka ubeneqondo lokukhupha amanzi lihambelane nekhofi kunye ne-boiler efanelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwempompo. Kufuneka uzame nje, bonke oomatshini bohlukile. Ubukhulu becala ukudibana kwesihluzo samanzi kuyacetyiswa, ukwenzela ukuba imeko yezamaminerali ingafumaneki. Amanzi athambileyo okanye anzima kakhulu atshabalalisa ikhrim. Ucingela ukuba ngoku uzithengile iimbotyi zekofu ezona zilungele incasa yakho, kuya kufuneka uziqhekeze kuqala. Eyona intle ngaphambi kwekofu. Iqondo lokugaya lifanelekile xa umatshini we-portafilter ufuna phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-25 imizuzwana yokugcwalisa kwi-portafilter encinci ikomityi ye-espresso ukuya kwisibini kwisithathu, ikofu ine-crema entle kunye nokunambitheka okucacileyo kunye nokunambitheka ngokunganambitheki kakhulu okanye kukrakra kakhulu. Ukusuka kwi-portafilter enkulu ikofu kufuneka iqhubeke phakathi kwe-20 kunye nemizuzwana ye-40. "
Urhwebo olufanelekileyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo
I-Bio imele ukukhulisa ikofu ngaphandle kwento ebulala izitshabalalisi, i-herbicides okanye insecticides. Iicofi zebhokisi yendawo yokuhlala kufuneka zigcinwe zahlukile kwikhefi eqhelekileyo ngexesha lothutho kunye nokugcinwa kwaye kufuneka ziphandwe ngokungqongqo. Ikofu eqhelekileyo akufuneki inxibelelane nekhofi e-organic, ukwenzela ukuba xa ibhula zombini ikofu kumatshini ofanayo kufuneka icocwe ngononophelo.
Kubalulekile kwingcaphephe yekofu uOliver Götz ukuba iimbotyi zakhe zithengiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Yena ngokwakhe utyelele iindawo ezininzi ezikhulayo, uyazazi iimeko zalapha kwaye ke uqinisekile ukuba: "I-Fairtrade iyimpumelelo yokuphelisa intlupheko kwaye idala ilizwe apho iintsapho ezincinci kunye nabasebenzi bezolimo kumazwe asaphuhlayo bakhokela ngokukhuselekileyo nangokunesidima ubomi kunye nokubumba ikamva labo. Ngelixa kungekho siqinisekiso sinokuba lichanekileyo ngepesenti ye-100, ndicinga ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka amandla amaninzi kumzamo wokuphumeza iinjongo zeBio neFairtrade. "
Ukulungiselela okufanelekileyo
Ngemithetho ethile esisiseko, ukulungiselela ikofu kunokuphuculwa ngokulula ekhaya. Sebenzisa ikofu entsha ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ingcebiso: Ikofu entsha ifika ngokuthe ngqo kwi-roaster okanye kwi-intanethi eyehla kwi-Intanethi. Ukucoca zonke izikhongozelo ezinxibelelana nekhofi: Ikofu ishiya amanqatha kunye neoyile. Ezi ntlawulo zisabela kwi-oksijini kwaye ziba rancid. Ukunambitheka kudluliselwa ukungabikho kokucoca kwikomityi yekofu elandelayo. Sebenzisa amanzi afanelekileyo: Ubunzima bamanzi butshintsha incasa yekofu. Isihluzo esifanelekileyo samanzi sinciphisa ubunzima bekhabhoni (ikalika) lamanzi empompo kunye nokukhusela umatshini wekhofi kwisikhuni esineenkani. Eyona nto ilungileyo yokwenza ikofu ngamanzi nge-pH ye-7,0 kunye nobunzima obu malunga ne-8 ° d.
coffee kuvala
Iipuphu, ingcambu ye-chicory, kunye neerenji ezahlukeneyo ezinje nge-malt, ibhali okanye isipelingi zisetyenziswa njengendawo yekofu. Kodwa ikofu yangempela ayinakuyibuyisela ngokwenyani loo nto, i-baristas iyavuma kwihlabathi jikelele.
Photo / Ividiyo: I-Roastery Alt Wien, Ukupheka ikofu kwiAlt Vienna, Isangqa seKofu.
