Umhlaba uya usiba ngcono, ungabi mbi ngakumbi!

Kwiinkulungwane zamva nje, inani labemi behlabathi lenyuke ngokumangalisayo kubantu abangaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezisixhenxe. Phakathi kwe-1900 kunye ne-2000, ukunyuka kwakuphindaphindwe kathathu kunayo yonke imbali yoluntu ngaphambili-ukwanda kwe-1,5 ukuya kwi-6,1 yezigidigidi zabantu kwiminyaka nje ye-100. Kodwa nalapha kukho izinto ezintle ezenzekayo ekufuneka uziqaphele. Umzekelo, ireyithi yokukhula yonyaka (itshathi) yepesenti ye-2,1 sele iwele kwi-1,2 yepesenti (2015). Uqikelelo lithetha ukwehla okukhulu kwiipesenti ze0,1 ukuya kunyaka we-2100. Kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, siphila kwihlabathi apho ukwanda kwenani labantu kuyehla. Ngaphandle kwalonto, ubume behlabathi be-2100 buthathaka kubantu abakhulu be-11,2 yezigidigidi, emva kokuhla kwenani labemi behlabathi kubonakala kunokwenzeka.

Ubomi bokuphila buye banda ngokukhawuleza ukusukela oko kukhanyiselwa. Kwi-19 yokuqala. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, yaqala ukwanda kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, ngelixa ihlala iphantsi kwilizwe liphela. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ukungalingani kwehlabathi kuyehla. Ukusukela kunyaka we-1900, umndilili wobomi bomhlaba jikelele (umzobo) uye waphinda-phinda kabini kwaye ngoku umi ngakuyo iminyaka eyi-70.

Isalathiso sempilo kukuphila obudala ngokweminyaka. I-1845 isenayo umahluko obonakalayo: ixesha lokuphila kubasanda kuzalwa yayiyiminyaka ye-40 kunye ne-70 yeminyaka ubudala ye-79. Namhlanje, olu luhlu luncinci kakhulu - ukusuka kwi-81 ukuya kwi-86. Kungenxa yokuba ithuba lokufa esemncinci liye lahla ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukulingana kobomi kunyukile kubantu bonke.

Kwi-1820, bekukho phantse amawaka ezigidi ze-1,1 zehlabathi, uninzi lwazo olungaphezulu kwee-1 bhiliyoni luhlala kubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo (phantsi kweedola ze-1.90 ngosuku). Ukusukela malunga ne-1970, siphila kwihlabathi apho inani labantu abangathathi ntweni lisanda, ngelixa inani labantu abahlwempuzekileyo lihle kakhulu. I-1970 2,2 yezigidigidi yabantu yayihlala kwintlupheko egqithisileyo, i-2015 yayisisigidi se-705, malunga neepesenti ezisibhozo zabemi behlabathi. Uqikelelo lwe-UN lubonisa ukuhla okungaphezulu ukuya kwiipesenti ezine kunyaka we-2030.

I-Indgerator yeZizwe eziManyeneyo "ye-Hunger Indicator" ilinganisa umyinge wabantu abasebenzisa isixa seekhalori ezingabalulekanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla ebomini obusebenzayo nobunempilo. Kukho idatha embalwa kuphela ukusuka ngaphambi kwe-1990. Nangona kunjalo, apha, kukho imeko ecacileyo. Ngokwedatha yakutshanje evela eWelthunderhilfe, i-795 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela (2015) zichaphazelekile yindlala.

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela ye-200, kuye kwakho ukunyuka okucothayo kwidemokhrasi, uninzi lubuyela kwi-democracy phambi kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Ukusuka kwi-1945 eli nani lakhula kwakhona, lada laphindeka kabini phakathi kwe-1989 kunye ne-1992 kwaye lafikelela kwelona nqanaba liphezulu leedemokhrasi kwi-2009. Igrafu ibonisa inani labemi ngokwenkqubo yezopolitiko efanelekileyo. Iingcamango ezigxekayo zicinga ukuba iipesenti ze-89 kuphela zabemi behlabathi ezihlala kwidemokhrasi epheleleyo.

Kukho inkqubela phambili enkulu kwezemfundo: Ngaba i-1800 isengafundanga nge-88 ipesenti, eli nani le-2014 lehle kwi-15 yepesenti. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho amazwe akujikeleze iipesenti ze30 neNigeria, umzekelo. Inqanaba lemfundo likhuphuke kabukhali: igrafu ibonakalisa uhlobo lwesikolo esiphakamileyo ngokwamanani apheleleyo (i-wave ikwabonisa ukukhula kwenani labemi behlabathi) kubandakanya noqikelelo lwe-IIASA ukuza kuthi ga kunyaka we-2100.