UVeronika Janyrova
Amaqela ezentlalo-yentando yesininzi abonakala esendleleni ethe ngqo yokungathobeki kwezopolitiko. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, ngamanye amaxesha baye bahlupheka kakhulu. Okokuqala nokuphambili eGrisi (-37,5 ipesenti), i-Itali (ipesenti ye-24,5) kunye ne-Czech Republic (-22,9 pesenti). Kodwa naseJamani, eFrance okanye eHungary, ukulahleka kwabo kunyulo kuluhlu olunamanani aphindwe kabini.
"Abona bantu baphambili kwezemfundo bavota ekhohlo namhlanje, kwaye abo bathengi abasele bevota baselungile. Ngamanye amagama, omabini amaqela aphambili enze amaqela aphambili, eshiya abangafundanga kangako nabangasebenziyo. "
UThomas Picketty
Ukungalingani kwingeniso kunye neerhafu
Xa kujongwa ukungalingani okwaneleyo okubanzi okubonakalisa amazwe ethu "ahambele phambili" ukuphucuka ", oku kwehla ngamandla kwezopolitiko kunzima ukukuqonda. Kukho okungaphezulu kokwenza. Kuyo yonke indawo ye-euro, abatyebisi ngeepesenti ezintlanu basengabanini bepesenti ye-38 yeepropathi, okt zonke izabelo, izindlu kunye nokutyalomali kwemali. Ngokuthelekisa, eyona pesenti ecebileyo yamakhaya eOstriya sele enayo i-41 yee-asethi zizonke. Kutshanje, iingcali zezoqoqosho ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseJohannes Kepler eLinz zifikele kwesi sigqibo, abathe bazama ukuqikelela izinto ezingenakuqondwa kakuhle zezona zityebi kwaye bazithathele ingqalelo kubalo lwabo.
I-INFO: Iinjongo zoluntu
Uvavanyo lwehlabathi jikelele olwenziwe ngumphengululi weentengiso i-Ipsos ubuze abantu be-20.793 kumazwe e-28 izimvo zabo ngexabiso lentlalontle: isiqingatha sabantu behlabathi bayavuma ukuba namhlanje iingcinga zobusoshiyali zibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yezentlalo. Akumangalisi ukuba imvume eyomeleleyo evela e-China kodwa nakwi-Indiya (ipesenti ye-72) kunye neMalaysia (ipesenti ye-68), izinto eziphambili ziyavumelana nolu luvo. I-US (i-39 ipesenti), i-France (ipesenti ye-31) kunye neHungary (ipesenti ye-28) azithambekele kakhulu kwizimilo zobusoshiyali. EJapan, umntu nje omnye kwabahlanu ophendulwayo (ipesenti ye-20) ukholelwa ukuba izimvo zobusoshiyali zibalulekile kwinkqubo yentlalo.
Nangona obu bunzima bezezimali buphosa isithunzi eside "kwilizwe lentando yesininzi", namhlanje lubonakalisa ilizwe lonke lasentshona. Uqoqosho oluhlonitshwayo lwaseFrance UThomas Picketty Uqaphele ukuba "ubutyebi bezinto zexabiso ngexesha lasemva kwemfazwe azikaze ziqwalaselwe kakhulu njengoko zinjalo nanamhlanje, kwaye irhafu kwizinto zexabiso kumgangatho wamazwe aseseyona ndawo incinci kakhulu kwirhafu epheleleyo." Ukujonga ingeniso yerhafu kuyanceda ngokwenene kule meko. Ngelixa abantu abasebenzayo benze iipesenti ze-26 zerhafu zizonke zerhafu kulo nyaka uphelileyo (irhafu yentlawulo), igalelo lemibutho (ingeniso kunye nerhafu yenzuzo) yayiyipesenti ezisithoba. Ngokubhekisele kule ndawo irhafu yepropathi inikele nge-zero euros kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lukarhulumente kuba azikho kweli lizwe.
Ngokufanelekileyo kwesi sizathu, kunzima ukuqonda ukuba ngokuthe ngqo le mikhosi yezopolitiko apho ukuhanjiswa kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho kungumxholo oqinisekileyo, kunye nokungalingani kwentlalo kuphawula ukuzalwa kwabo kwembali, baya behla. Okanye ngaba ukungalingani okukhoyo okoko nesizathu sokuba iiDemocrat zentlalo emehlweni abavoti babo baphulukane "nobuchule boqoqosho"? Ixesha elide bebexhasa lo mgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho apha naphaya.
Isimo sentlalontle vs. Democrats Social
Okanye ngaba intlalo-ntle ngokwayo iyibulele idemokhrasi yoluntu? Uninzi lweemfuno zabo zesiko- njengokukhusela abasebenzi, irhafu yengeniso eqhubayo, ilungelo lokuvota, njl njl. Kwaye inani kunye neendidi zezibonelelo ezikhoyo zentlalo-ukuba zingabhideki ngokuchaneka kwazo - zibonakala ziphantse zafikelela esiphelweni. Ekugqibeleni, inkcitho kwintlalo, efana ne-quota yentlalontle, ibikhula ngokuzinzileyo amashumi eminyaka kwaye ngaphandle kolondolozo, kangangokuba ubuncinci sichitha isithathu sexabiso lethu elongeziweyo kwizibonelelo zentlalo. Ngayiphi na imeko, sikude ekutshabalaliseni imeko yentlalontle.
Umntu onokuvota
Ukanti ayibonakali imnandi kweli lizwe. Phantse isihlanu sabemi basemngciphekweni wentlupheko, isibini kwishlanu sifumana umvuzo omncinci kangangokuba baphantsi komvuzo werhafu kwaye ngaphezulu kwesithathu sabasebenzi babanjelwe kubudlelwane obuqatseleyo bokuqeshwa. Konke kuyo yonke loo nto, ingayindawo yokugcina unyulo kwii Democrats zentlalo. Imposiso.
Yayikukuba le nkonzo ibisanda kunyula urhulumente abonakala esebenza ngokungagungqisi imeko yabo yezentlalo. Kwangelo xesha, izibonakalisa inolwazelelelo ngakumbi kubasebenzi, kubantu abangaphangeliyo, abamkeli bezokhuseleko abambalwa, abantu bamanye amazwe kunye nabafuna indawo yokubambisa (kubandakanya abo bafuna ukhuseleko lwenkxaso). Ngokubhekiselele kwizicwangciso zabo zokunciphisa iirhafu, i-40 yepesenti esezantsi yabasebenzi abonakali ngathi ayikho. Ingcali yezoqoqosho UStephan Schulmeister yatsho kudliwanondlebe kunye nomgangatho: "Ayizukuba sisihlandlo sokuqala ukuba amaxhoba azikhethele awabo amabutyi".
Nangona kunjalo, kungalula kakhulu ukubala ukubulawa kwabaDemokhrasi ngokwasezingqondweni zabavoti ezilula. Oku kunganika izigidi zabantu ingubo yempilo yengqondo kwaye ekugqibeleni kuthintele amaqabane ekubonakaliseni umsebenzi wabo ngokunzulu.
Ingqondo yomvoti
Ukuqonda ngakumbi kukujonga kwiinguqu ezinokonakala kubanyuli. Unyulo lokugqibela lweBhunga lesiZwe lubonise ngokucacileyo ukuba i-FPÖ iye yathuthuka yaba "iqela labasebenzi", ngelixa i-SPÖ yafumana amanqaku ngaphezulu kwabo bonke abafundi kunye nabadla umhlala-phantsi. i SORAUhlalutyo lonyulo lukwabonakalise ngokucacileyo ukuba ingqondo ngamanye amaxesha ibiye ithathe isigqibo malunga nokuvota kunokufumana imfundo kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi. Ke ngoko, malunga nesiqingatha sabo bantu baseOstriya, abajonga ukuphuhliswa kwelizwe ngokwemigaqo njengenyathelo elifanelekileyo, bagqiba isigqibo nge-SPÖ (FPÖ: iipesenti ezine). Kwabo bajonga ukukhula e-Austria kunokuba kubi, malunga nesiqingatha bakhethe i-FPÖ kwakhona (i-SPÖ: ipesenti ezilithoba). Kwakunjalo nangolwazelelo ()) lwelizwe.
Ipolitiki yezona zibalulekileyo
Le meko inokubonwa naseFrance, Great Britain okanye e-USA. UThomas Picketty kutsha nje uhlolisise abanyuli apho, eqonda ukuba amaqela abo asebupoliseni ashiyeka ethathwa ngabafundi abafundileyo. Ngokombono wakhe, esi sisizathu sokuba aba baseNtshona babe njalo lwesininzi ukwenza kakubi ngokuchasene nokungalingani, kuba "abakhethiweyo bezemfundo bavota namhlanje, kwaye indyebo iselungile." Ngamanye amagama, omabini amaqela aphambili abe ngamaqela aphambili, eshiya abangafundanga kangako nabangasebenziyo. Isindululo sakhe sesicwangciso-qhinga sokuphila ngentando yesininzi ngokucacileyo ngumgaqo-nkqubo oqoqosho oshiyekileyo, ngakumbi irhafu yobutyebi.
Okungakumbi ngasekhohlo nasekunene
Izazinzulu zopolitiko eJamani nase-Austria ziyaqaphela ukuba uninzi lwabavoti bazibeka kwezoqoqosho ngasekhohlo, kodwa kwezopolitiko-ngasekunene okanye ngokulondolozo. Ukujonga oku, unjingalwazi wezopolitiko waseJamani u-Andreas Nöpke ubona isicwangciso sokubuyisa uninzi lwezinto njenge "hayi kuphela kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho ngumgaqo-nkqubo ongaguqukiyo wenqanaba eliphantsi le-50 ukuya kwi-60 yepesenti yabantu, kodwa ukwamkela abo bantu banokugungqa malunga nokudityaniswa komhlaba ngokubanzi okungamiselwanga". unenkxalabo malunga nokuthothiswa kwexesha elide kwimo yempilo ngenxa yokufuduka kunye ne-EU enikezela inkululeko.
Ukwaveze oku malunga noku kukuba "izikhundla zopolitiko ezijongana nezi nkxalabo zihlala zibonwa njenge" zilungile ". Yintsomi leyo. Kwelinye icala, indlela yakhe "yephiko lasekhohlo" ilandelela ngokucacileyo iinqobo zentando yesininzi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye iyamkela into yokuba ubumbano lwehlabathi lunokwenzeka ngaphakathi komda. Ngokucacileyo akanguye ubungqangi okanye ubuhlanga, kodwa uyathandabuza ngombono wemida evulekileyo kunye nokomelezwa okungakumbi kwe-EU. Le ngcinga yephiko lasekhohlo, umgaqo-nkqubo wokunxibelelana (ngokuchaseneyo nomgaqo-nkqubo opheleleyo kwindalo iphela) ungaphendula kwinguqu ezinwkhayo kubanyuli.
Iingcebiso ezicwangciswe kakuhle zeDemokrasi yoLuntu ziyasilela ngoku. Baqala ukusuka "ngakwesobunxele nangaphezulu eluhlaza" (Elmar Altvater) ukuya "kumanyano olomeleleyo lweYurophu yamaqela asekhohlo, kubandakanya abo bangabezomkhosi basemazantsi nase Mpuma kunye noluntu" (uWerner A. Perger). Indlela yokuphuma kwintlekele okwangoku iqesha oosonzululwazi abaninzi bezopolitiko, ababukeli kwaye bangayithathi kancinci imibutho yedemokhrasi ngokwayo.Ihlala igcobile ubuncinci obuzonwabisa ngohlaziyo lweChristian Kerns SPÖ, kunye "neLebhu" ye-European Social Democrats kwiiveki ezizayo.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
