UJulia Schumacher
Bafundi abathandekayo,
Isicatshulwa esilandelayo sijongana namalungelo oluntu. Kuqala malunga nemvelaphi kunye nembali, emva koko amanqaku angama-30 adwelisiwe kwaye okokugqibela imizekelo yokophulwa kwamalungelo oluntu yaziswa.
U-Eleanor Roosevelt, owayengusihlalo weKhomishini yamaLungelo oLuntu yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, wabhengeza "isiBhengezo soLuntu samaLungelo oLuntu" nge-10.12.1948 kaDisemba, 200. Oku kusebenza kubo bonke abantu emhlabeni ukuze bakwazi ukuhlala ubomi ngaphandle koloyiko kunye noloyiko. Ukongeza, kufanelekile ukuba ibe yeyona nto ifunwa ngabantu kunye neentlanga ukuba zifezekiswe. Injongo yayikukwenza isibhengezo esisemthethweni esimele elona xabiso liphantsi lomntu. La ngamalungelo okuqala okusebenza kubo bonke abantu emhlabeni kwaye aguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwama-1966 okoko yapapashwayo. Yeyona nto ke iguqulelweyo emhlabeni. Amazwe athembise ukuhlonipha amalungelo, kodwa kwakungekho lawulo, kuba kwakungekho sivumelwano sasayiniweyo. Kuba la malungelo alungile kuphela, kusekho amazwe namhlanje angawahloneliyo amalungelo abantu. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ubuhlanga, isini, ukungcungcuthekiswa kunye nesigwebo sentambo. Ukusukela ngo-2002, amazwe aliqela agqibe kwelokuba atyikitye amalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko yoluntu ngesivumelwano. Ngo-XNUMX kwavulwa inkundla yezolwaphulo-mthetho eHague.
Xa ebuzwa apho aqala khona amalungelo oluntu, uRoosevelt uphendule ngale ndlela ilandelayo: "Kwizikwere ezincinci ezikufutshane nekhaya lakho. Zisondele kwaye zincinci kangangokuba ezi ndawo azifumaneki nakweyiphi na imephu emhlabeni. Ukanti ezi ndawo lilizwe lomntu: indawo ahlala kuyo, isikolo okanye iyunivesithi afunda kuyo, umzi-mveliso, ifama okanye iofisi asebenza kuyo. Ezi ziindawo apho indoda nganye, umfazi nomntwana bafuna amalungelo alinganayo, amathuba alinganayo kunye nesidima esilinganayo ngaphandle kocalulo. Logama nje la malungelo engasebenzi apho, akabalulekanga kwenye indawo. "Ukuba abemi abachaphazelekayo abawathathi amanyathelo ngokwabo ukukhusela la malungelo kwindawo abahlala kuyo, siyakujonga ilize kwinkqubela phambili kwilizwe elibanzi."
Kukho amanqaku angama-30 kwiSibhengezo seHlabathi samaLungelo oluNtu.
Inqaku loku-1: Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile belingana ngesidima nangamalungelo
Inqaku lesi-2Akukho mntu unokucalulwa
Inqaku lesi-3Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphila
Inqaku lesi-4: Akukho Bukhoboka
Inqaku lesi-5Akukho mntu unokuthuthunjiswa
Inqaku lesi-6Wonke umntu waziwa njengomntu osemthethweni kuyo yonke indawo
Inqaku lesi-7Bonke abantu bayalingana phambi komthetho
Inqaku lesi-8: Ilungelo kukhuseleko lwezomthetho
Inqaku le-9Akukho mntu unokuvalelwa ngokungekho semthethweni
Inqaku le-10Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuhlawuliswa, kwetyala elingenamkhethe
Inqaku le-11Wonke umntu umsulwa ngaphandle kokuba kuqinisekiswe ngenye indlela
Inqaku le-12Wonke umntu unelungelo lobomi babucala
Inqaku le-13Wonke umntu unokuhamba ngokukhululeka
Inqaku le-14: Ilungelo lokufumana indawo yokuhlala
Inqaku le-15Wonke umntu unelungelo lobuhlanga
Inqaku le-16: Ilungelo lokutshata kwaye ube nosapho
Inqaku le-17Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuba nezinto ezizezakhe
Inqaku le-18: Ilungelo lenkululeko yokucinga, isazela kunye nenkolo
Inqaku le-19: Ilungelo lenkululeko yokuthetha
Inqaku lama-20: Ilungelo lendibano yoxolo
Inqaku la-21: Ilungelo kwidemokhrasi nakunyulo olukhululekileyo
Inqaku lama-22: Ilungelo kukhuseleko lwentlalo
Inqaku lama-23: Ilungelo lokusebenza nokukhusela abasebenzi
Inqaku lama-24: Ilungelo lokuphumla kunye nokuzonwabisa
Inqaku lama-25: Ilungelo lokufumana ukutya, indawo yokuhlala nonyango
Inqaku la-26Wonke umntu unelungelo lokufumana imfundo
Isiqendu 27: Inkcubeko kunye nelungelo lokushicilela
Isiqendu 28: Ulungelelwaniso lwentlalo nolwehlabathi
Inqaku la-29: Sonke sinoxanduva kwabanye
Inqaku la-30: Akukho mntu unokuhlutha amalungelo akho
Imbalwa imizekelo yokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu:
Isigwebo sentambo sisaqhutywa kumazwe angama-61 kwihlabathi liphela. E-China, amawakawaka abantu bayabulawa minyaka le. I-Iran, iSaudi Arabia, iPakistan kunye ne-USA ziyalandela.
Imikhosi yezokhuseleko kaRhulumente ihlala inikwa uxanduva okanye yenze neendlela zokuhlukumeza. Ukungcungcuthekisa kuthetha ukwenza into ngokuchasene nentando yexhoba.
E-Iran, emva konyulo luka-Mongameli, bekukho imiboniso emikhulu iiveki kunye namaxesha aliqela apho abemi befuna unyulo olutsha. Ngexesha loqhanqalazo, abantu abaninzi babulawa okanye babanjwa yimikhosi yezokhuseleko kulwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe kukhuseleko lwesizwe, iyelenqe ngokuchasene nenkqubo yokulawula kunye noqhushululu.
Iintatheli, amagqwetha kunye nabaphembeleli bamalungelo oluntu bayatshutshiswa e-China. Aba babekwe esweni kwaye bayabanjwa.
INorth Korea iyatshutshisa kwaye ithube abagxeki benkqubo. Aba bangondlekanga kwiinkampu zoqeqesho kwaye banyanzelwa ukuba basebenze nzima, kukhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abaninzi.
Amalungelo oluvo kunye namalungelo oluntu ahoyiwe eTurkey. Ukongeza, i-39% yabasetyhini ngamaxhoba obundlobongela emzimbeni kube kanye ebomini babo. Kwezi, iipesenti ezili-15 zaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Inkolo encinci ikhutshiwe ngaphandle kwamalungelo oluntu.
Imithombo: (Umhla wokufikelela: Okthobha 20.10.2020, XNUMX)
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