Elizabeth Oberzaucher
Kutheni le nto sifuna ubusela? Ukusuka kwimbono yokuzivelela kwezinto, ayisiyonto enokuyithetha ngenkuthalo ukudala imeko apho unokukwazi ukulawula khona amandla akho okuqonda kwaye ungabalulekanga ngokupheleleyo ekuhlaselweni. Kwisiselo esinxilisayo, asinakuthintelwa, siphulukana nolawulo, senza izinto ezizisolayo, esibuyelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusela esikujongileyo, nokuba kungotywala neziyobisi, kuyindlela yesantya kunye nokutshintshana.
Yintoni engahambanga kakuhle? Inokwenzeka njani into enjalo?
Impendulo ilele kuhlobo lweendlela eziphantsi kweenkqubo zokuzivelela kwezinto: ziyintoni na kodwa ziyinkqubo enenjongo, ecingwe kakuhle. Endaweni yoko, indalo iphawuleka ikakhulu ngeziganeko ezingahleliwe, into ebambekayo kunye nokuhlengahlengisa okuhle. Oko sinako njengeemveliso zokuphela kwale nkqubo ngokwendlela yezinto ezikhoyo eziphila ngayo yiyo enye into egqibeleleyo. Siqokelele iipropathi beziluncedo (kodwa zingezizo ezingekho njalo) kuyo yonke imbali yethu yokuzivelela, imikhwa engazange ibe luncedo ngokukhethekileyo kodwa ingenabungozi ngokwaneleyo ukubangela ukupheliswa kwethu, kwaye asinakukwazi ukwahlukana nayo nayiphi na into kuba zinamathele kakhulu kwisiseko sethu, nangona zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.
Ixesha elide, ukungeniswa ngabom kokunxila kwagqalwa njengokuziphatha komntu ngokunzulu. Nokuba sidakwe kukunxila ngokufaka izinto okanye yimisebenzi ethile, kusoloko kukusetyenziswa kolunye uhlobo lweendlela zomzimba ezenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo emzimbeni.
Iziyobisi e-Austria
Amava abasebenzisi Uninzi lwezifundo ezimeleyo zibonisa amava abathengi asusela malunga ne-30 ukuya kwi-40 ipesenti ye "ecstasy", icocaine kunye ne-amphetamine, kwaye malunga ne-2016 ukuya kuthi xhaxhe ngepesenti ye-2 yee-opioids.
Iziphumo zokufunda zibonisa akukho zinguqu zibalulekileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha kwabathengi, kubemi ngokubanzi nakwolutsha. Ukuthathwa kwenkuthazo (ngakumbi i-cocaine) kuhlala izinzile kwinqanaba eliphantsi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zengqondo ezinengqondo akunakufeza indima. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, ukwenziwa okubanzi kwesixhobo sezinto ezifunyenweyo kwafunyanwa ekungcambeni nasekusetyenzisweni kokulinga.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-opioid kubonisa elona candelo likhulu lokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngokusemngciphekweni okwangoku, abantu be-29.000 kunye ne-33.000 basebenzisa iziyobisi ezibandakanya ii-opioids. Yonke idatha ekhoyo iphakamisa ukwehla okuqatha ekusebenziseni ingozi ye-opioid ephezulu kwiqela le-15 iminyaka ye-24, ngenxa yoko bambalwa abafikayo. Nokuba oku kuthetha ukwehla kokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni okanye ukutshintshela kwezinye izinto akucaci.
Iimpawu zomzimba zokugxila
Imizimba yethu ivelisa ii-opiates njengezitshizi zasekhaya. Nangona iintlungu zizalisekisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo wolondolozo lomgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle, kuba ukhomba kwizinto eziphambukayo. Umsebenzi onxibelelanayo wentlungu kukuba bajolise ingqalelo yethu kwimiba ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yimizimba yethu. Nje ukuba siphendule ngesenzo esihambelanayo, umsebenzi uzalisekisiwe kwaye iintlungu azisafuneki. Ii-Opiates zisasazwa ukubamisa.
Into enomdla kukuba, iindlela zokusebenza komzimba kunye nokusebenza kwe-opiate okanye ii-endorphins ngokwazo kuchazwe kuphela ngokwesayensi kuphela emva kokungeniswa kwee-opiates njengeziyobisi ze-analgesic. Iziphumo zalo azipheleli ekupheliseni iintlungu, kodwa zikwanyanzela ukucinezela indlala, kunye nokukhulula iihomoni zesondo. Ngenxa yesiphumo sempembelelo ebanzi yokuzinza komzimba, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ugxininiso lwento ephilayo lunokuphambukiswa kwimisebenzi esisiseko yemvelo, njengokutya ukutya, ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza okuthe kratya kwezinye iindawo. Oku kubalulekile ukuze kudityaniswe njengenxalenye yempendulo yoxinzelelo.
Umngcipheko njengento yokulutha
Ukujongana ubuso nobuso nokufa xa kugxuma i-bungee, ukwephula irekhodi lesantya e-skis, ukuqala ugqatso olunezithuthi ezinzima kwisithuthuthu - zonke ezi zinto zinengozi enkulu. Yintoni esenza ukuba sithathe ingozi ezinje? Kutheni singenakuyixhathisa imincili?
UMarvin Zuckerman uchaze ubuntu bohlobo "lokufuna imizwa", oko kukuthi, ukukhangela izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye namava amatsha okuba namava amatsha obutsha kwakhona. Siphumeza oku kukhuthaza ngokuziqhelanisa nezinto ezinobungozi, kodwa nangokuphila ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngokususa intlebendwane, okanye ukuthintela ukudinwa. Asingabo bonke abantu ababonisa inqanaba elilinganayo "lokufuna imvakalelo".
Zithini iziseko zehomoni zezi ndlela zokuziphatha? Kwiimeko eziyingozi, kukho ukukhutshwa okwandileyo kwe-adrenaline. Ukukhawuleza kwe-adrenaline kukhokelela ekunyukeni kokuphaphama, siyavuya, intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza, izinga lokuphefumla liyakhawuleza. Umzimba ulungiselela ukulwa okanye ubaleke.
Ifana ne-opiates, ezinye iimvakalelo ezinje ngendlala kunye nentlungu ziyacinezelwa. Lo msebenzi unentsingiselo kakhulu kwimbali yethu yokuzivelela kwezinto - ukuvumela umzimba ukuba ugxile ngokupheleleyo kwingxaki esele ikho, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa zizinto ezixhasa impilo-inokuba sisiseko sezinto ezenza umlutha: isiphumo se-adumpaline yinto efunwa ngumngcipheko bangamakhoboka, kwaye yintoni ebashukumisela ukuba bathathe umngcipheko ongenangqondo.
Ukuba inqanaba le-adrenaline lehla, iinkqubo zomzimba ezixinzelelweyo ziphola ngokuthe ngcembe. Ubuhlungu, indlala kunye nezinye iimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo ezisikhumbuza ukuba sinyamekele iimfuno zomzimba wethu. Ukurhoxa kwiimpawu ezingafane zilunge.
Ukusuka kumvuzo uye ekubeni likhoboka
Uvavanyo lweempuku, nangona kunjalo, lubonisa ukuba nazo zinobuthathaka obuvakalayo bezinto ze-euphoric. Iigundane ezinokuvuselela ngokuthe ngqo iziko lomvuzo kubuchwephesha babo ngokwenza isebenze, loo nto yenza ukuba ukukhutshwa komzimba kube yimpumelelo, bonisa isimilo sokwenyani. Basebenzisa le lever ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nokuba oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka baphande ukutya kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.
Izifundo ezongeziweyo zijonge indlela ukuxhomekeka okukhula ngayo kwiigundane xa unikwa ithuba lokuzenzakalisa ngamachiza. Iigundane zikhulisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-heroin, icocaine, amphetamine, icicotine, utywala kunye ne-THC phantsi kwezi meko. Xa iigundane sele ziphuhlise i-heroin okanye i-cocaine, ukulutha kwazo kuya kude kuze kungabi nako ukumelana nezinto kwanaxa ukubonelelwa ngecocaine kudityaniswa nokudityaniswa kombane njengesohlwayo.
"Uyilo" lokuvuza
Ukukhetha izinto ezikhulisa intlalo-ntle yethu akunangxaki ngaphakathi nakuthi. Ngokuchasene noko, imvelaphi iyimpembelelo entle kwizinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezinje zebhayiloji azisiyilo olugqibeleleyo.
Ngobuchule benkcubeko siyakwazi ukulandela ezi zinto zikhethwayo phantse ngokungenasiphelo, esikhokelela ekubeni sityeshele ezinye iimfuno zebhayoloji. Iindlela zomvuzo womzimba, omsebenzi wazo wokuqala ukuvuza iindlela zokuxhasa ubomi, unokukhokelela kwelinye icala ukuba siyakwazi ukubakhuthaza ngqo. Oku kwenzeka ngokubonelelwa kwezinto ezinoburheletyo, okanye ukukhuthaza kwendawo yengqondo ehambisanayo.
I-Intoxication: ibhayoloji okanye inkcubeko?
Ukoyiswa kwethu ukuba likhoboka, ukukhangela kunxila, kunesiseko sebhayoloji, kwaye ayisiyiyo indlela yenkcubeko yokuyila. Ukukwazi ukuphendula kolu tyekelo, nangona kunjalo: nokuba kungokufumaneka kwezinto ezikhuthazayo, okanye ukubakho kokuvuselela isimilo, ezi zizinto zenkcubeko esizisebenzisayo ukwandisa ukonwaba kwethu, ngelixa sandisa iindleko zethu zempilo. kunye neminye imiba yobukho bethu.
Intoxication kubukumkani bezilwanyana
Ezinye izilwanyana ezincelisayo zinokuqhuba kakuhle ngaphandle koncedo lwethu: Iindlovu ziqwalaselwa rhoqo zisondla kwiziqhamo ezivuthiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, imbono yabo yeemvakalelo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwabo kwetyala akukho lula ukuba bahlupheke ngenxa yotywala. Kukwanjalo nakwiintlobo ezininzi zeziqhamo zeziqhamo: Kubonakala ngathi bakhulele ukunganyamezelani etywaleni ukuze bakwazi ukutya iziqhamo kunye neencre ngaphandle kokuphulukana nobuchule babo bokubhabha. Iintshatsheli zehlabathi ekunyamezeleni utywala kubonakala ngathi ziyi-Spitzhörnchen, ezo ngokomgangatho ziya kuthi zibhalwe njengonxilayo mihla le lwesithathu ngemigangatho yabantu, kodwa zibonakale ngathi azinakukwazi ukufumana izithintelo kwizakhono zabo zokuqhuba.
Iinyani zeRhesus kunye nezinye iinyani, kwelinye icala, zibonisa iingxaki ezifanayo zokuziphatha njengathi, kwaye zijongwa rhoqo kusela utywala. Olu luqwalaselo lwensimi alushiyi ndawo yokufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba izilwanyana ziyakubangela ngabom na ezi meko, okanye ukuba ngaba umxholo wokutya okunamandla kakhulu uyabuvumela ubutywala. Iinkawu eziluhlaza ziye zaphuhlisa isixa sotywala, njengoko uninzi lwezityalo zomoba zifumaneka kwindawo yazo. Bakhetha umxube wotywala kunye namanzi eswekile emanzini acocekileyo aswekile. Ke apha kubonakala ngathi ibangelwa ngabom imeko yotywala.
Amandla okusebenzisa utywala ngokunentsingiselo - oko kukuthi, njengomthombo wamandla - kwimetabolism kubonakala ngathi avele amatyeli aliqela kwindaleko. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nendlela yobomi: abahlali bemithi, abanokutya iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo nezingavuthiyo, akufuneki bajongane notywala, abahlali bomhlaba umthombo wabo wokutya uziqhamo eziwileyo, nangona kunjalo. Ngokungaxhomekeki nje kwiswekile njengombane wamandla, wandisa imbonakalo yakho yokutya, ngaloo ndlela wandisa amathuba okuba usinde. Inyaniso yokuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingafunekiyo zenzeka ngenxa yokugxila kakhulu kotywala kunqabile ukuba kuphume ngaphandle njengoko ukubakho kotywala kunqongophele. Emasimini, izibonelelo zokusebenzisa utywala ngokungaphezulu zibonisa ngokucacileyo iingxaki. Kuphela kokufumaneka okungenamkhawulo kotywala ngokwenziwa kwenkcubeko apho le nto iqalile ukuba luncedo khona iba yingxaki.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
