U-Sonja Bettel
Kuyabonakala ukuba inyama ecocekileyo inokwenziwa ibe yehle ngakumbi kunokwendalo.
Ngo-Agasti u-2013 eMonti phambi kweekhamera kwaye phambi kweentatheli ze200 eyona burger ibiza ibilisiwe kwaye yangcamlwa. Iipawundi ze-250.000, kwakuxelwa ngelo xesha, zixabisa isonka esosiwe inyama ngononophelo. Akunjalo kuba ivela kwinkomo ye-Kobe eyayikrwitshwe ekufeni, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iqela leenzululwazi ezingamaDatshi lasebenza iminyaka eliqela ukuzalisekisa le nyama yenkomo kwilebhu. Bafuna ukuguqula imveliso yenyama yekamva kwaye basindise ubomi kwiplanethi yomhlaba. Kwiminyaka embalwa, i-hamburger eyenziwe yenyama ebilisiweyo inokubiza nje ngee-euro ezilishumi okanye ngaphantsi kwaye sinambithe njengoko besiqhele ukwenza njalo.
inyama ecocekileyo: inyama yokufakelwa evela kwisitya sePetri
Umbono wokukhulisa inyama kwisitya sePetri wawusenziwa ngumphathiswa waseBritane uWinston Churchill. NgoDisemba u-1931 wacacisa kwinqaku le- "Strand Magazine" malunga nekamva: Akukho ngqiqweni ukuba siphakamisa inkukhu yonke, ukuba sifuna ukutya isifuba okanye umlenze kuphela, malunga ne-50 iminyaka siya kuba nakho ukubalusela ngephakathi ,
Ekuqaleni kwe-2000, usomashishini odla umhlala-phantsi uWillem van Ellen ukhuthaze abaphandi abavela kwiiyunivesithi zaseAmsterdam, Eindhoven nase Utrecht kunye nenkampani yase-Dutch yokufaka inyama ukuze babandakanyeke kuphuhliso lwenyama ye-vitro. Iprojekthi ye-InVitroMeat ifumene inkxaso-mali evela kwi-2004 ukuya kwi-2009. UMark Post, ugqirha webhayoloji osuka kwiYunivesithi yaseMaastricht, wayithanda kakhulu le mbono kangangokuba wanamathela kuyo. Ukuqala kokungcamla iiburabhu zakhe zaselabhoratri ngo-Agasti 2013 wayezimase intatheli yase-US uJosh Schonwald kunye nesazinzulu sesondlo sase-Austrian kunye nomphandi ngekhondo lokutya uHanni Rützler.
I-burger yayisele isondele kakhulu ekunambithekeni kwenyama ekhulile ngokwemvelo, bavuma, kodwa yomile. Ingenawo amanqatha, anika i-juicness kunye ne-flavour. Ngokubonakalayo, awubonanga mahluko kwinto yesiqhelo yeFaschiertem, nokuba ikhe yosiwe inyama oziphethe ngayo. Yayikhutshiwe ukusuka kwiseli nganye yomsipha we-bovine kangangeeveki kwisisombululo sezondawo kwiibhotile zelebhu.
Ngommandla kunye nesazela
Kodwa kutheni lo mzamo uphela? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yezizathu zokhuselo lwendalo nokusingqongileyo. Ukuvelisa ikhilogramu enye yenkomo, udinga iilitha zamanzi ze-15.000. Ngokweqikelelo loMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, i-70 yepesenti yomhlaba wezolimo usetyenziselwa ukuvelisa inyama, ebeka i-15 ukuya kwi-20 yepesenti yegesi yokuluhlaza. Ngonyaka we-2050, ukuvelisa inyama kungonyuka ngepesenti ye-70, kuba ngokuchuma kunye nokwanda kwenani labemi behlabathi nendlala yenyama iyakhula.
NguKurt Schmidinger, olwela amalungelo ku Umbutho ochasene neefektri zezilwanyana Nentloko yenyathelo "Ukutya kwikamva-inyama ngaphandle kokuphathwa kwezilwanyana"Indawo yokuziphatha ibaluleke ngokulinganayo:" Ehlabathini jikelele, ngaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ze-65 zezigidi zezilwanyana zibulawa minyaka le ngenxa yesondlo. Ukuze uvelise ikhalori enye yenyama, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iikhalori ezisixhenxe zokutya kwezilwanyana kwaye kuveliswe amachaphaza amdaka kunye namanzi amdaka. "Ke ukutya okusekwe kwisityalo okusekwe nguKurt Schmidinger kungabonelela abantu abaninzi kakhulu, ukunqanda ukubandezeleka kwezilwanyana nokukhusela indalo. Nangona kunjalo, uKurt Schmidinger, ofunda i-geophysics kwaye usebenza kumzi we-IT, uyinyani: "Emva kwiminyaka ye-90, ndacinga ukuba kuya kuba yinto efanelekileyo ukukwazi ukuzala inyama yabantu abangafuni kuhamba ngaphandle kwayo "Wayehlala ekhangela amathuba anje, kodwa kwakungekho ngu-2008 apho ingqungquthela yokuqala yenyama ye-vitro yenzeka eNorway.
USchmidinger uqokelele ulwazi kwaye wabhala inqaku lencwadi yobugqirha kwiCandelo lezeNzululwazi yokutya kwiYunivesithi yezeNdalo kunye nezeNzululwazi zoBomi. Kwiwebhusayithi futurefood.org upapasha kwezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa inyama, kubandakanya "inyama ekhethiweyo" okanye "inyama ecocekileyo", njengoko inyama ye-vitro ibizwa ngokuba zizizathu zokuthengiswa ngcono.
Uninzi lwabathengi njengangoku bayathandabuza malunga nenyama evela kwityhubhu yovavanyo okanye bayala ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kungatshintsha njengoko ukwazisa kwintengiso kuya kubonakala ngakumbi kwaye kuyaziwa malunga neendlela zokuvelisa, izibonelelo kunye incasa yenyama ekhethiweyo.
inyama ecocekileyo -Ingcono kwaye ingabizi
Ekuqaleni kwe-2010, izazinzulu zaseDatshi zaphumelela okwesihlandlo sokuqala ekukhuleni kwesixa esikhulu sezicubu zemisipha ukusuka kwiseli yenkomo. Ingxaki yayikukuba iiseli zemisipha kwinto ephilayo zihlala zifuna umthambo ukuze zikhule ngokufanelekileyo. Ukucaphuka kweeseli ngama-surges kunye nokuhamba kweziqulatho zeelebhu, nangona kunjalo, kubiza amandla amaninzi. Okwangoku, abaphandi banokuyikhupha inyama myoblasts (Ukuhlaziya ukwenza iiseli zangaphambi kwexesha) kwaye nokukhulisa amanqatha ngenkcitho encinci yamandla, kwaye banokutshintsha i-serum ukusuka kumathole angazalwanga, ekuqaleni awasetyenziselwa njengesisombululo sesondlo ngomnye umntu.
Kucingelwa ukuba "inyama ecocekileyo" yenziwa ukuba ibe sempilweni kunenyama yendalo. Ke, kuyacingeleka ukuba icandelo lamafutha liyancitshiswa okanye lenyuke kumanqatha angama-Omega 3 asempilweni. Ukongeza, ii-pathogens zenyama zinokuthintelwa ikakhulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ii-antibiotics.
Kodwa kuya kuthatha iminyaka embalwa ukuvelisa kwinqanaba lezemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi baseDatshi abasasebenzi bodwa kule ndima. E-US nase-Israel, ii-Startups zisebenza ngeendlela zokulima inyama kunye neentlanzi, uBill Gates, uSergey Brin noRichard Branson, inkampani yokutya yezizwe ngezizwe. Cargill kunye neJamani PHW Group (kubandakanya inkukhu yeWiesenhof) zibonelele ngezigidi zeedola nee-euro ngayo. Omnye unokucinga ukuba inyama ekhulisiweyo inokubakho kwisivumelwano esikhulu.
Nokuba ukulinywa kwenyama kuphuculwe okanye kuya kusiba nzima ngobulungisa emhlabeni. Ngayiphi na imeko, imveliso esekwe kumgangatho ofanelekileyo inokuthathwa kumphengululi waseDatshi uMark Post: uluntu lwaluya kugcina kwaye lukhathalele izilwanyana ezimbalwa, apho iiseli zesifo ziya kuthathwa amaxesha ngamaxesha, zize ziyisebenzise ukukhulisa inyama kwisityalo. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zonqulo zamaJuda okanye amaSilamsi, isilwanyana sinokubulawa, kodwa oku kungasetyenziselwa ukuhlakulela inyama eninzi ye-kosher okanye i-halal nyama.
Vegan: kukutya kwehlabathi ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokubandezeleka kwesilwanyana?
Photo / Ividiyo: I-PA Wire.
