Veruzhinji - glue yerusununguko

Just 16 muzana yevagari veEU vachiri kuvimba mumapato avo ezvematongerwo enyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzanga yemagariro inonakidzwa nembiri yepamusoro pakati pevagari. Izvo zvine simba rekudzosera kuvimba kwakarasika uye kurwisa kuparadzaniswa kwevagari kubva kuhurumende?

Dambudziko rehupfumi harina kungopa danho rakasimba kukukura kwehupfumi muEurope. Inotaridzawo shanduko iyo iko kutenda kwevekuEurope kumasangano eEU, pamwe nehurumende dzenyika uye maparamende, kwadzika. Ongororo yechangobva kuitika yeEuro Barometer inoratidza kuti chete 16 muzana yevagari veEU kumhiri kweEurope vanovimba mapato avo ezvematongerwo enyika, nepo vasingavimbe zvachose nehuwandu hwe78 muzana. Austria ndeimwe yeenyika idzo paramende yenyika pamwe nehurumende ichine huwandu hwakavimbika hwekuvimba (44 kana 42 muzana). Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, anopfuura muEU masangano (32 muzana). Nekune rumwe rutivi, ruzhinji rweavo vakasiya kuvimba nehurumende dzenyika uye maparamende, pamwe nemasangano eEU, vanokunda EU.

Vimba nemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika muAustria neEU (muzana)

Mhedzisiro yedambudziko iri rekuvimba haina kukosha. Gore rapfuura, mapapiro anoruboshwe, EU-yakakosha uye nhubu dzekupokana dzakabuda dzakakunda musarudzo dzekuEurope, uye iyo Continent Continent yakazadzwa nekuratidzira - kwete muGreek, Italy, France kana Spain, asiwo muBrussels, Ireland, Germany kana kuAustria. vanhu vakaenda kumigwagwa nekuti vanonzwa kusiiwa nevezvematongerwo enyika. Kusagutsikana kwevanhu nevamiriri vavo vezvematongerwo enyika kubva kare kwasvika padanho repasi rose. Semuenzaniso, iyo CIVICUS State of Civil Society Report 2014 yakawana kuti vanhu ve2011 vari munyika dze88, kana kutenderera hafu yenzvimbo dzese, vakapinda muchiratidziro chehuwandu. Tichifunga nezvedambudziko razvino revapoteri, kushaikwa kwepamusoro (vechidiki), mari yakawandisa uye kusakosha kwehupfumi, pamwe nekusimukira kweupfumi husina kusimba, zvinotarisirwa kuti kupokana kwenzanga kucharamba kuchikwira. Hazvishamise kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvine hanya nehunamato hwemazuva ano ndiko kuparadzaniswa kwevagari kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika. Uye kana asiri, saka anofanira kunge ari.

Mubvunzo unomuka wekuti kusimbiswa kweruzhinji rwemagariro evanhu kunogona kurwisa kupatsanurana kwevanhu pamwe nekuparara kwekubatana kwevanhu. Izvo zvine simba rekudzosera kuvimba kwakakurumbira uye kumisa kupererwa kwetsika dzedemokrasi, kodzero dzevanhu, chiyero chemagariro uye kushivirira? Iyo inogona kumiririra pfungwa yekutora chikamu, demokrasi uye kururamisira munharaunda zvakatendeseka zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo nyika uye inofarira chimwe chinhu chakabvira kare chakarasika kumasangano ezvematongerwo enyika: kuvimba kwehuwandu.

"Veruzhinji vanogara vachipiwa chivimbo kupfuura hurumende, vamiriri vemabhizimusi nenhau. Tiri kurarama munguva iyo kuvimba kunokosha kupfuura mamwe emari yose. "
Ingrid Srinath, Civil

Sekureva kwemumiriri werunhare wongororo yakaitwa naMarktforschunsginstitut musika (2013), vapfumbamwe pagumi vanobvunzurudzwa vanokoshesa zvikuru masangano evashandi vehurumende muAustria uye vanopfuura 50 muzana yeAustria vanotenda kuti kukosha kwavo kucharamba kuchikwira. Padanho reEuropean, mufananidzo wakafanana unobuda: wongororo yeEurobarometer ye2013 pane mafungiro eEU Citizen kusvika mukutora chikamu chemitemo akawana kuti 59 muzana yeEuropean anotenda vasiri vehurumende (NGOs) vanogovana zvavanofarira uye zvavanokoshesa. "Veruzhinji vanogara vachipiwa chivimbo kupfuura hurumende, vamiriri vemabhizimusi nenhau. Isu tinorarama munguva iyo kuvimba kunokosha kwazvo pamari dzese, "akadaro Ingrid Srinath, aimbova Secretary-General weCIVICUS Global Alliance for Civil Participation.

Chokwadi ichi chiri kuwedzera kutariswa nemasangano ekunze. Semuenzaniso, mumushumo waro nezveramangwana revagari vemo, World Economic Forum inonyora kuti: "Kukosha uye pesvedzero yenzanga iri kuwedzera uye inofanirwa kukurudzirwa kudzosa kuvimba. [...] Veruzhinji havafanirwe kuratidzwazve se "chikamu chechitatu", asi sekunamatira uko kunobata veruzhinji uye vega masheji pamwechete. Mukurudziro yayo, Komiti yeVashandi veKhanzuru yeEurope yakacherechedzawo "kukosha kwakakosha kwemasangano asiri ehurumende mukuvandudza nekusimudzira demokrasi uye kodzero dzevanhu, kunyanya nekusimudzira zivikanwo yeruzhinji, kutora chikamu muhupenyu hweveruzhinji uye kuona pachena uye kuzvidavirira kune zviremera zveveruzhinji". BEPA, iyo yepamusoro-soro chikamu cheEuropean kurairira, zvakare inokoshesa basa rekutora chikamu munharaunda mune ramangwana reEurope: "Hazvichisiri chekubvunza nekukurukura vagari uye veruzhinji. Nhasi, zviri kupa varidzi kodzero yekubatsira kugadzira sarudzo dzeEU, kuvapa mukana wekuti vabate zvematongerwo enyika uye nyika kuti izvidavirire, "unodaro mushumo wezve basa reruzhinji.

Uye uremu hwezvematongerwo enyika?

Mazhinji maAustria NGOs vari kuita nekuvimbika kuedza kutora chikamu mune zvematongerwo enyika kuita sarudzo uye mafungiro. "Nemisoro yedu, tinotaura zvakananga kune vakafanira vanoita sarudzo mukutonga (mashumiro, zviremera) nemitemo (National Council, Landtage), kusimudzira ruzivo nezvinetso nekupindura mhinduro," anodaro Thomas Mördinger anobva ku ÖkoBüro, mubatanidzwa wemasangano e16 mune zvevashandi. Nzvimbo, zvakasikwa uye hutano hwemhuka. Sechikamu chemishandirapamwe, WWF Austria inosheedzawo mapato emaparamende, masevhisi, zviremera nevamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika padanho rezvematunhu nemasipure. Iyo Asylkoordination Österreich, mubatanidzwa wemasangano ekunze nevabatsiri sevapoteri, unotora mukana mukudyidzana pamwe nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika, kuti, semuenzaniso, mibvunzo yeparamende inobvunzwa inokurudzirwa kana kutomboitwa nekubatana kweasylum.

"Pane akagadzirirwa, mikana yekutora mutemo muAustria ishoma."
Thomas Mördinger, Eco Hofisi

Kunyangwe kuchinjana pakati pezvematongerwo enyika yeAustria, manejimendi uye veruzhinji vane hupenyu, zvinoratidzwa nehupamhi hwekupokana. Izvo zvinoitika chete pane zvisina kurongwa uye zvinogumira kumasangano mashoma. Muzhinji, danho rinobva kune vamiriri veruzhinji. Thomas Mördinger anobva ku ÖkoBüro anopa nzwisiso muchiitiko chekubatana uku: "Iwo mashumiro anochengeta zvinyorwa zvavo, iwo masangano anokokwa kuzopindura. Zvisinei, nguva dzekuongorora dzinowanzo kupfupika kana kuti dzakaradzikwa kuti dziongorore zvakadzama rugwaro rwepamutemo izvo zvinosanganisira nguva dzedzokerero. " Nepo vamiriri vemasangano evashandi vehurumende vanogona kupa pfungwa, hapana mitemo inosunga yekuita kudaro. "Padanho repamutemo, mikana yekutora mutemo muAustria ishoma," akaenderera mberi Mördinger. Uku kushomeka kunosimbiswazve naFranz Ne kujitufl, maneja weManeja wemasangano asingabatsiri (IGO): "Kukurukurirana kunogara kuchingovenganisika, kuronga nguva uye kwenguva refu kusiri kurongeka uye kurongeka sezvaunoda."

"Kukurukurirana kwacho kunogara kuri kwekusuwa, kubata nguva uye kusiri kurongeka uye kurongeka sezvido."
Franz Ne kujitufl, kushambadzira kwemasangano asina faida (IGO)

Pnguva imwecheteyo, kutaurirana kwevagari kwenguva yakareba kuve kwakajairwa nedzimwe nyika. Semuenzaniso, iyo White White Pepa pamusoro peEuropean Governance, iyo Aarhus Convention uye Council yeEurope inodaidzira kurongeka kwakabatanidzwa kwemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika mumagadziro emitemo. Panguva imwecheteyo, masangano epasi rese - angave UN, G20, kana European Commission - aripo uye anogara achibatanidza masangano eruzhinji mumasangano ekukurukurirana.

Civil Society: Mubatsiri

Kuna Franz Ne kujitufl, anonzi "Compact" muenzaniso wekuenzanisa kurongeka pamwe nekubatana pakati pevagari vehurumende nehurumende.Compact iyi chibvumirano chakanyorwa pakati penyika nemasangano evashandi vehurumende anotonga chinangwa uye chimiro chekupinda kwavo. Iyo Compact, semuenzaniso, inodaidzira kubva kuruzhinji kuti rusununguko nezvinangwa zvemasangano ezvemagariro evanhu zviremekedzwe uye kuchengetedzwa, kuti zvigadziriswe nenzira inonzwisisika uye yakaenzana, uye kuti vabatwe mukuvandudza mapurogiramu ezvematongerwo enyika kubva pakutanga. Veruzhinji, vobva vadaidzira sangano rehunyanzvi, humbowo hwakasimba sehwaro hwekutsanangura mhinduro nemishandirapamwe, kuronga zvakarongeka uye kumiririra maonero uye zvido zveboka rayo raanotarisana nazvo, uye kwete kujeka kujeka pamusoro pekuti vanomiririra ani uye zvavasiri.

Nekugumisa kweCompact, hurumende yeBritain yakazvipira "kupa vanhu simba rakawanda nekutonga pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo nenharaunda dzavo, uye nekuisa kuzvipira kwenharaunda kunopfuura kwekutonga kwenyika nemitemo yepamusoro-pasi." Iye anoona basa rake zvakanyanya "mukufambisa shanduko yetsika nekupa simba kubva pakati uye kuwedzera pachena". Saka hazvishamise kuti England zvakare ine yayo "Ministry of Civil Society".
Muchokwadi, dzinenge hafu yenyaya dzose dzeEU Nhengo dzeNyika dzakagadzira gwaro rakadai uye vakapinda mumubatanidzwa unosimbisa neyemagariro evanhu. Zvinosuwa kuti Austria isipo.

NGO Austria

Veruzhinji vemuAustria vanosanganisira nezvemakirabhu e120.168 (2013) uye nhamba isingazivikanwe yenheyo dzinowanikwa. Iyo iripo Economic Report Austria zvakare inoratidza kuti mugore 2010 5,2 muzana yevashandi vese muAustria vaishandirwa mumakore 15 mudhara risingabatsiri.
Kukosha kwehupfumi kwevanhu venharaunda hakufanirwe kufuratirwa kunyange. Kunyangwe izvi zvichiri zvisina kunyorwa zvakarongeka munyika muno, asi zvichingofungidzirwa zvichienderana nemirairo yehunyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, kuwerengerwa neVienna University yeEconomics uye Danube University Krems inoratidza kuti kukosha kwakawanda kwakawedzerwa kweAustria NGOs pakati pe5,9 ne10 inosvika kumabhirioni euros pagore. Izvi zvinoenderana ne1,8 kusvika 3,0 muzana yeAustria yakanyanya chigadzirwa chigadzirwa GDP.

Photo / Video: Shutterstock, Option media.