Helmut Melzer
Zvinotyisa zvezvematongerwo enyika, zvinokanganisa vatongi, vezvenhau vasina basa, kusagadzikana kusagadzikana - runyorwa rwezvichemo rwakareba. Uye zvakatungamira kuchokwadi chekuti kuvimba mumasangano anotsigira nyika kunoramba kuchinyura.
Iwe unoziva here chirevo chekuvimba mumugwagwa traffic? Chaizvoizvo, inoti iwe unogona kwazvo kuvimba nehunhu hwakanaka hwevamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa. Asi ko kana rimwe remasangano akakosha kwazvo kambani hauchazovimbwa nayo here?
Dambudziko rekuvimba kunyangwe pamberi paCorona
Chivimbo chinotsanangura iko kuzviisa pasi kwekutendeseka kwekururama, chokwadi chezviito, maonero uye zvirevo kana kutendeseka kwevanhu. Pane imwe nguva hapana chinoshanda pasina kuvimba.
Chirwere chekorona chinoratidza: Havasi veAustria chete vakapatsanurwa pamubvunzo wekudzivirira corona, kunyangwe izvi zvisati zvaitika pakange paine kukanganisika kwakanyanya pamibvunzo yezvematongerwo enyika. Makore matanhatu apfuura, chete 16 muzana yevagari veEU (Austria: 26, EU Commission ongororo) vachiri kuisa kuvimba kwavo mumapato ezvematongerwo enyika. Zvichakadaro, iyo APA neOGM yekuzvivimba index muna 2021 iri panzvimbo yayo yakadzikira mukutambudzika kwekutenda: Pakati pezvematongerwo enyika akavimbika, Mutungamiri weFederal Alexander Van der Bellen ari kumusoro neasina simba 43 muzana, achiteverwa naKurz (20 muzana) uye Alma Zadic (16 muzana). Ongororo isiri-mumiririri yevaverengi veOption kumasangano epamba yakaratidzawo kusavimba kukuru nezvevematongerwo enyika (86 muzana), hurumende (71 muzana), vezvenhau (77 muzana) uye bhizinesi (79 muzana). Asi ongororo dzinofanirwa kurapwa nekuchenjerera, kunyanya munguva dzeCorona.
Mufaro uye kufambira mberi
Zvakangodaro, zvinhu zvakasiyana mune dzimwe nyika, seDenmark: Vanopfuura mumwe chete muzviviri (55,7 muzana) vanovimba nehurumende yavo. Kwemakore mazhinji maDanes ave avewo ari pamusoro peUN's World Happiness Report uye iyo Kufambira Mberi Kwemagariro Index. Christian Bjornskov anobva kuAarhus University anotsanangura chikonzero nei: “Denmark neNorway ndidzo nyika dzine chivimbo chikuru kune vamwe vanhu.” Chaizvoizvo: Munyika mbiri idzi, 70 muzana yeavo vakaongororwa vakati vanhu vazhinji vanogona kuvimbwa Nyika yese 30 muzana chete.
Panogona kuve nezvikonzero zvikuru zviviri zveizvi: Iyo "Jante Kodhi yeMufambiro" zvirokwazvo inoita basa, iro rinoda kuzvininipisa uye kuzvidzora senge chirevo. Kutaura kuti iwe unogona kuita zvakawanda kana kuve nani pane mumwe munhu akafadzwa muDenmark. Uye chechipiri, anotsanangura Bjornskov: "Kuvimba ndechimwe chinhu chaunodzidza kubva pakuzvarwa, tsika yetsika." Mitemo inogadzirwa zvakajeka uye inoteedzerwa, manejimendi anoshanda nemazvo uye pachena, huwori hushoma. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti munhu wese ari kuita nemazvo.
Kubva pakuona kweAustria paradhiso, zvinoita. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchitenda ma index akambotaurwa, ipapo Austria haiite zvakanyanya paavhareji - kunyangwe kana iwo maitiro epasi ari chikamu makore mashoma apfuura. Tiri vanhu vepamberi vazere nekusavimba?
Basa renharaunda
“Tiri kurarama munguva apo kuvimba ndiko kwakakosha kupfuura mari dzose. Masangano anomirira vagari anoratidza kutendeseka kupfuura hurumende, vamiririri vemabhizimusi pamwe nenhepfenyuro, ”akadaro Ingrid Srinath, aimbova Secretary General wepasi rose Alliance for Civic Participation CIVICUS. Masangano epasi rese ari kuwedzera kufunga nezveichi chokwadi. Semuenzaniso, World Economic Forum inonyora mumushumo wayo nezveramangwana revanhu: "Kukosha uye simba revanhu vari kuwedzera uye rinofanira kusimudzirwa kuitira kudzorera kuvimba. […] Masangano akazvimirira haafanire kuonekwa se "chikamu chechitatu", asi seglue rinobata veruzhinji pamwe nevekunze pamwe chete ".
Mukurudziro yayo, Komiti yeMakurukota eDare reEurope yakacherechedzawo "mupiro wakakosha wemasangano asiri ehurumende mukusimudzira nekuzadzisa demokrasi nekodzero dzevanhu, kunyanya nekusimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji, kutora chikamu muhupenyu hweveruzhinji uye kuona pachena uye kuzvidavirira mumasimba ehurumende ”. Boka repamusoro-soro reEuropean rezvekurudziro reBEPA rinopa basa rakakosha kutora chikamu kwevanhu munharaunda yeramangwana reEurope. Nhasi ndezve kupa vagari kodzero yekubatsira kuumba sarudzo dzeEU, kuvapa mukana wekuita zvematongerwo enyika nehurumende kuzvidavirira, ”unodaro mushumo pamusoro pebasa revanhu.
Transparency chinhu
Anenge mamwe matanho ekujekesa akatorwa mumakore achangopfuura. Isu takagara kwenguva refu tichigara munyika isina kana chinhu chinoramba chakavanzika. Mubvunzo unosara, zvakadaro, kana kujekesa kunogadzira kuvimba. Pane zvimwe zvinoratidza kuti izvi pakutanga zvinomutsa kunyumwa. Toby Mendel, Managing Director weCentre for Law and Democracy anotsanangura izvi seizvi: “Kune rimwe divi, kujeka kuri kuwedzera kuburitsa ruzivo nezve zvichemo zveveruzhinji, izvo zvinotanga kumutsa fungira mukati mevanhu. Kune rimwe divi, mutemo wakanaka (kujekesa zvinhu) haungoerese tsika nemabatiro ari pachena ”.
Vezvematongerwo enyika vagara vaita: Unyanzvi hwekutaura hapana huri kurimwa mberi, sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinoitwa kunze kwemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika.
Muchokwadi, manzwi mazhinji ikozvino avekupihwa yekuyambira pamusoro peisingadikanwi mhedzisiro yemashoko pachena. Nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika, Ivan Krastev, Permanent Fellow kuInstitute for the Science of Humanity (IMF) muVienna, anototaura nezve "pachena mania" uye akataura kuti "kushambidza vanhu neruzivo inzira yakaedzwa uye yakaedzwa yekuvachengeta mukusaziva". Iye anoona zvakare njodzi yekuti "kupinza huwandu hwakawanda hweruzivo munhaurirano yeveruzhinji kungoita kuti vawedzere kubatikana uye kutamisa chinongedzo kubva mukugona kwehukama kwehunyanzvi kuenda kuhunyanzvi hwavo mune imwe kana imwe nzvimbo yemirairo".
Kubva pane maonero ekuona kwepurofesa profesa Byung-Chul Han, kubuda pachena uye kuvimba hakugone kuyananiswa, nekuti "kuvimba kunogoneka chete mumamiriro ezvinhu pakati pezivo nekusaziva. Chivimbo chinoreva kuvaka hukama hwakanaka nemumwe zvisinei nekusaziva mumwe. [...] Iko pachena pachena, hapana nzvimbo yekuvimba. Panzvimbo yekuti 'kubuda pachena kunoumba kuvimba', zvinogona kureva chaizvo: 'Kujeka kunogadzira kuvimba' ".
Kusatendana senge musimboti werusununguko
Kuna Vladimir Gligorov, muzivi uye nyanzvi yezvehupfumi paVienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw), democracies zvakavakirwa zvakanyanya pakusatenda: "Autocracies kana aristocracies yakavakirwa pakuvimba - mukusazvida kwamambo, kana hunhu hunoshamisa hweanodzvinyirira. Nekudaro, iyo nhoroondo yezvakaitika ndeyekuti kuvimba uku kwakashandiswa zvisizvo. "Ndozvakaita hurongwa hwehurumende dzepamberi, dzakasarudzwa, dzatinoti democracy."
Zvichida mune ino mamiriro munhu anofanira kuyeuka musimboti wekutanga wedemokrasi yedu: iyo ye "cheki uye zviyero". Kuwirirana kwekutonga kwenhengo dzebumbiro remitemo yenyika kune rimwe divi, uye vagari vanoshanyira hurumende yavo kune rimwe divi - semuenzaniso kuburikidza nekugona kwekuvavhotera. Pasina iyi demokrasi musimboti, iyo yakagadzira nzira yayo kubva makare-kare kusvika kuKujekerwa mumatunhu ekuMadokero, kupatsanurwa kwemasimba hakugone kushanda. Kurarama kusavimbana saka hachisi chinhu chisinganzwisisike kune democracy, asi chisimbiso chehunhu. Asi democracy inoda zvakare kuvandudzwa. Uye kushomeka kwekuvimba kunofanirwa kuve nemhedzisiro.
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