Pfungwa
The Genuine Progress Indicator inoyera kuita kwehupfumi hwenyika. Nepo gross domestic product (GDP) sechiratidzo chehupfumi chisingatarisi magariro uye ecological mhedzisiro yekusimudzira hupfumi, iyo Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) inofungawo nezvemitengo yavo yakavhurika uye yakavanzika, senge. kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuparwa kwemhosva kana kuderera kwehutano hwevanhu.
Iyo GPI yakavakirwa paIndex yeSustainable Economic Welfare yakagadziriswa muna 1989, ine chidimbu ISEW chinobva kuChirungu "Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare". Kubva pakati pe-1990s, iyo GPI yakazvisimbisa semutsivi anoshanda. Muna 2006, GPI, muchiGerman "chaiyo kufambira mberi chiratidzo", yakadzokororwa zvakare uye yakagadziridzwa kune zviri kuitika.
GPI inodhirowa mambure chiyero
Iyo GPI yakavakirwa pafungidziro yekushandiswa kwakazvimirira kwakayerwa nendekisi yekusaenzana kwemari. Mari yemagariro ekusaenzana inotariswawo. Kusiyana neGDP, chiratidzo chekufambira mberi chinokoshesawo mabhenefiti ebasa risingabhadharwe rekuzvipira, kuva mubereki uye basa repamba, pamwe neveruzhinji. Mari yekudzivirira chaiyo, semuenzaniso ine chekuita nekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, tsaona dzemotokari, kurasikirwa nenguva yekuzorora, asiwo kuburikidza nekupfeka uye kubvarura kana kuparadzwa kwechisikigo capital, inobviswa. Iyo GPI nokudaro inokwevera mambure emari yemitengo uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi hwenzvimbo.
GPI: Kukura hakuenzani nekubudirira
Nhoroondo, iyo GPI yakavakirwa pa "limit hypothesis" ye Manfred Max Neef. Izvi zvinoti pamusoro pechimwe chikumbaridzo kukosha mune macroeconomic system, bhenefiti yekukura kwehupfumi inorasika kana kuderedzwa nekukuvara kwazvinokonzeresa - nzira inotsigirawo zvinodikanwa uye zvirevo zve kudzikira-Movement inotsigira. Izvi zvinotsoropodza pfungwa yekukura kusingagumi uye inotsigira nzanga yepashure-kukura.
Nyanzvi yehupfumi inoonekwa seye muvambi we "chaiyo yekufambira mberi chiratidzo". Phillip Lawn. Akagadzira theoretical framework yemutengo / kubatsirwa kuverenga kwemabasa ehupfumi kune GPI.
Status quo GPI
Zvichakadaro, iyo GPI yedzimwe nyika pasi rese yakaverengerwa. Kuenzanisa neGDP kunonyanya kufadza: GDP yeUSA, somuenzaniso, inoratidza kuti kubudirira kwakapetwa kaviri pakati pa1950 na1995. Zvisinei, GPI yenhambo ya1975 kusvika 1995 inoratidza kuderera kukuru kwe45 muzana muU.SA.
Austria, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden neAustralia zviri kuratidzawo kukura mukubudirira maererano neGPI kuverenga, asi izvi zvakanyanya kuderera kana zvichienzaniswa neGDP kukura. The Impulse Center for Sustainable Economics (ImzuWi) inoona kukosha kwemaindices ekuongorora zviitiko zvehupfumi, seGPI, sezvinotevera: "GDP ichiri yakasimba muchigaro. Kuedza, kumwe kwave nemakumi emakore ekare, kuratidza kuvimba uye mhedzisiro yehupfumi hwedu pavanhu uye zvisikwa zvakarasikirwa nehukuru hwavo nekukasira kusvika nhasi. (...) Kungotsiviwa kweGDP neimwe chiratidzo chikuru hakuzove mhinduro. Asi, tinozviona nenzira iyi: RIP BIP. Kurarama kwakasiyana-siyana kwehupfumi!"
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