Pfungwa
Makambani maviri ebiotech Corteva neBayer akaunganidza mazana ezvinyorwa zvepatent pamiti mumakore achangopfuura. Corteva yakaisa 1.430 patents - kupfuura chero mubatanidzwa - pazvirimwa zvinoshandisa nzira nyowani. Genetic engineering dzakashandiswa. Tsvakiridzo yakabatana yepasirese yakaitwa neGLOBAL 2000, Shamwari dzeNyika Europe, Corporate Europe Observatory (CEO), ARCHE NOAH, IG Saatgut - boka rekufarira rebasa reGMO-isina mbeu yeGMO uye Vienna Chamber of Labor inoongorora mafashama ematenti achipesana neshure kweiyo pari zvino yakakurukura nezvekuregererwa kweEU genetic engineering mutemo pamwe nekusarudzika kweNew Genetic Engineering (NGT). "Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwekunyorera patent kuwedzera purofiti yeidzi nzira dzeNGT kunoratidza kutamba kaviri kwemakambani," vanodaro vanyori veshumo rakaburitswa nhasi. "Makambani emakemikari nembeu anoda nyore kuwana kumusika weEU wezvirimwa zvavo zveNGT nembeu dzeNGT uye nekudaro vanowana hukuru hwakanyanya pamusoro pevarimi, kuberekesa zvirimwa uye hurongwa hwedu hwekudya."
Corteva neBayer vanodzora patent bhizinesi mune zvekurima
Makambani eBiotech akadai seCorteva neBayer anorumbidza maitiro matsva einjiniya se 'zvakasikwa' zvisingaonekwe uye zvinofanirwa kuburitswa muEuropean Union kuchengetedzwa kwekutonga uye mirau yekuisa mazita ezvekudya zvakagadziridzwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vari kugadzirira mamwe ma NGT patent kunyorera kuchengetedza kwavo hunyanzvi hunyanzvi uye nekudaro vachiwedzera maburi mumutemo wepatent.
Agricultural biotechnology rezenisi ibhizimusi rine mari, riri kukura. Corteva (yaimbova Dow, DuPont naPioneer) uye Bayer (muridzi weMonsanto) vatotonga. 40 muzana yemusika wepasi rose wembeu dzemaindasitiri. Corteva yakaisa zvakapoteredza 1.430 patents pamiti yeNGT pasi rose, Bayer/Monsanto 119. Makambani maviri aya akapedzisawo zvibvumirano zverezinesi zvinosvika kure nemasangano ekutsvagisa akagadzira matekinoroji. Corteva haingotongi chete patent yezvidyarwa zveNGT, asi zvakare ikambani yekutanga ine NGT chirimwa muEU yekubvumidza maitiro. Nepatent iyi zvimwe, iyo inopesana nemishonga yesora chaiyo, nzira yeNGT CRISPR/Cas yakashandiswa mukugadzirisa kuwedzera kune yekare genetic engineering.
Patent paZvirimwa uye Zvivakwa
Patents inogona kunyorerwa muEU kune zvigadzirwa uye / kana maitiro. Makambani eBiotech, semuenzaniso, anonyorera patents anovabvumira kutora maitiro einjiniya yemajini uye chaiwo masikirwo emajini akagadzirwa nemaitiro aya. Semuyenzaniso, Corteva akabata patent EP 2893023 yenzira yekushandura genome yesero (nekushandisawo NGT application) uye anoti kodzero dzepfuma yehungwaru kumasero ese, mhodzi nezvirimwa zvine "zvakagadzirwa" zvakafanana, ingave mubroccoli, chibage, soyabhinzi, mupunga, gorosi, donje, bhari kana sunflower (“product-by-process claims”). Ne genetic engineering, hazvigoneke kuti tizive chaizvo izvo zvakapihwa patemende, sezvo maapplication achiwanzoita nemaune kuti awane 'dziviriro' yakakura. Makambani embeu anodzima nemaune mutsauko pakati pekuberekesa kwakajairika, kusarongeka mutagenesis uye yekare uye itsva genetic engineering. Sezvo ruzivo rwezviri mukati mematendi ari kushomeka, zvinonetsa kuwana kuti ndezvipi zvirimwa kana hunhu zvine patent. Vauchiki, varimi kana vagadziri vanotarisana nekusaziva kwakawanda kwemutemo pamusoro pezvavanogona kuita nezvirimwa zvavanoshanda nazvo mazuva ese, kuti ndezvipi zvikwereti zvinofanirwa kubhadharirwa uye zvingangokonzera mhosva. Monsanto, ikozvino yasanganiswa neBayer, yakaunza 1997 mhosva dzekutyora patent kune varimi muUnited States pakati pe2011 ne144.
Zvido zvekurima zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze
Kunyanya mumusika wembeu kunotungamirwa nematendi kunotungamira kune kushoma kusiyana. Zvakadaro, dambudziko remamiriro ekunze riri kutimanikidza kuti tichinje kune masisitimu ekurima anoenderana nemamiriro ekunze, ayo anoda kwete zvishoma, asi zvakasiyana. Patents inopa makambani epasi rose kutonga pamusoro pezvirimwa nembeu, kudzikisira kuwanikwa kwemajini akasiyana uye kutyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu.
“Kuwanda kwemvumidzo pazvidyarwa kushungurudzwa kwekodzero uye kukanganisa kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa mukurima nekugadzira chikafu. Tinoda kuti maburi mumutemo weEuropean patent mundima yebiotechnology uye kuberekesa zvirimwa zvivharwe nekukurumidza uye kuti paitwe mirau yakajeka isingabatanidzi kuberekesa kwakajairwa kubva pamvumo. Katherine Dolan kubva NOAH'S ARK. Varimi vezvirimwa vanoda kuwana genetic material kuti vagadzire mbeu dzinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Murombo kodzero yembeu inofanira kuve nechokwadi.
“Mainjiniya matsva mukurima anofanirwa kuramba achidzorwa zvichienderana nemutemo wekuchengetedza. Mbeu dzeNGT dzinoda kudzorwa nemazvo, zvine a maka uye zvidzoreso zvekuchengetedza kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda kuti ive nechokwadi chekujeka uye kuteedzera muchikamu chekutenga kwevatengi nevarimi. " Brigitte Reisenberger, GLOBAL 2000 genetic engineering mutauri.
Photo / Video: GLOBAL 2000 / Christopher Glanzl.
