Veronika Janyrova
Mapati-ezvematongerwo enyika mapato anoratidzika kunge ari munzira yakatwasuka yekusagadzikana mune zvematongerwo enyika. Kubva kutanga kwemireniyumu, ivo dzimwe nguva vakatambura kurasikirwa kukuru. Kutanga uye kwekutanga muGreek (-37,5 muzana), Italy (-24,5 muzana) uye Czech Republic (-22,9 muzana). Asi kunyangwe kuGermany, France kana Hungary, kurasikirwa kwavo pasarudzo kuri mune yakapetwa kaviri manhamba.
"Vakuru vezvidzidzo vari kuvhota vasara nhasi, uye vakapfuma vachiri kuvhota chaiko." Mune mamwe mazwi, mapato makuru ese akavaka kuita mapato akatsiga, vachisiya vasina kudzidza uye vasiri mapato. "
Thomas Picketty
Kusanzwisisika mune mari & mitero
Tichifunga nezve kusakwana kwakakwana kwakaita iripo nyika "dzakasimukira" kwazvo nyika dzakabudirira nhasi, kuderera uku kukuru kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakaoma kunzwisisa. Pane zvinopfuura kukwana kuita. Munzvimbo yese yeuro, vakapfuma vashanu muzana vachiri vane huwandu hwakazara hwe38 muzana yezvinhu zvizere, kureva zvese migove, zvivakwa uye zvido zvemakambani. Kana tichienzanisa, iyo yakapfuma muzana muzana yedzimba muAustria yatova neyako 41 yezvinhu zvese. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi kubva kuJohannes Kepler University kuLinz zvakauya pamhedzisiro iyi, vakaita muyedzo yekufungidzira zvinhu zvisina kujeka zvakajeka zvevakapfuma uye kuti vazvitarise mukuverenga kwavo.
INFO: Socialist zvinangwa
Ongororo yepasi rose yakaongororwa nemutsvagiri wemusika Ipsos yakabvunza vanhu ve20.793 vari munyika dze28 maonero avo pane kukosha kwechivanhu: hafu yenyika vanhu vanobvumirana kuti nhasi mazano ezvematongerwo enyika akakosha pamabatiro ehukama. Hazvishamisi kuti kubvumirwa kwakasimba kunobva kuChina asiwo muIndia (72 muzana) uye neMalaysia (68 muzana), makuru anowirirana nemaonero aya. The US (39 muzana), France (31 muzana) uye Hungary (28 muzana) havanyanyo tenderera kune zvido zvehukama. MuJapan, kunyange mumwe chete muvashanu vakapindurwa (20 muzana) anotenda kuti mazano ezvehukama akakosha kune inoitika munharaunda.
Kunyangwe iyi matambudziko emari achikanda mumvuri refu pa "nyika yegutsaruzhinji inozvitonga", nhasi uno ndiyo nyika yekumadokero. Akanyanya kuremekedzwa French economist Thomas Picketty Akataura kuti "kuva nepfuma munzvimbo yapashure pehondo hakuna kumbobvira kwanyanya kuwanda sezvazvakaita nhasi, uye mitero pazvinhu zvemitero iripo chikamu chidiki diki chemutero wakazara wemari." Kutarisa mutero wemutero kuchiripo zvechokwadi mune izvi. : Panguva iyo vanhu vanoshanda vakaita iyo yakazara ye26 muzana yemari yemitero yakapera gore rapfuura (muripo wemitero), mupiro wemakambani (mari inowanikwa uye mutero wepfuma) waive partry mapfumbamwe muzana. Pari zvinoenderana nepfuma iyi mitero yakapa zero euros kubhajeti renyika nekuti zvinongoitika kuti hazviwanike munyika muno.
Zvikurukuru nekuda kweichi chikonzero, zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti izvo chaizvo izvo zvematongerwo enyika zvinogovaniswa uye mutemo wehupfumi dingindira rekupedzisira, uye kusaenzana kwemagariro kunoratidza kuzvarwa kwavo kwenhoroondo, iko zvino kuri kudzikira. Kana iko kusakwana kuri kuitika kunyange chikonzero nei maSocial Democrat mumaziso evanovhota aifanira kurasikirwa ne "kugona kwavo kwehupfumi"? Kwenguva yakareba ivo vakatsigira iyi yehupfumi mutemo pano nepapo.
Welfare state vs. Social Democrats
Kana kuti runyararo rwacho rwakauraya kuzvitonga kuzere kwevanhu? Zvizhinji zvezvido zvavo zvechinyakare - sekudzivirirwa kwevashandi, mutero wepfuma unofambira mberi, kodzero yekuvhota, nezvimwe - zvinongoitika zvega zvevanhu uye zviri pamutemo nhasi. Uye huwandu uye hwakasiyana siyana hwemagariro ekubatsira anowanikwa - kwete kuti avhiringidzwe nekunyatsoita kwawo - zvinoita senge rusina magumo. Pakupedzisira, kushandiswa kwemagariro kwakadai sehuwandu hwemagariro kwave kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwemakumi emakore uye kunyangwe takachengetedza, zvekuti tinoshandisa chetatu cheyedu yakawedzerwa kukosha pane zvakanakira zveruzhinji. Chero zvazvingava, isu tiri kure nokuparadza mamiriro ehutano.
Anogona kuvhota
Uye zvakadaro hazviratidze zvakanyanyisa munyika muno. Vanenge chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chevanhu vari panjodzi yehurombo, vaviri-vashanu vanowana mari shoma zvekuti vanodzikira pasi pemutero weti yemari uye pamusoro pechikamu chimwe chetatu chevashandi chakabatwa muhukama hwekuita basa. Zvese mune zvese, izvo zvingave zvinofungidzirwa zvesarudzo zvesarudzo zveSocial Democrats. Error.
Yaive iyi mutengi uyo nguva pfupi yadarika akasarudza hurumende inoita seinoshanda nguva nenguva kuti iwedzere mamiriro avo munharaunda. Pnguva imwechete, inozviratidza kuve inofungidzira zvakanyanya kune vashandi, vanhu vasina mabasa, vashoma vanochengetedza kuchengetedza, vatorwa nevari kutsvaga nzvimbo (kusanganisira avo vanoda kuchengetedzwa nemubhadharo). Nezve zvirongwa zvavo zvekudzikisa mutero zvine chekuita, iyo yakaderera 40 muzana yevagari vanoshanda inongoita senge isipo. Wehupfumi Stephan Schulmeister yakataura mukubvunzurudzwa neyakajairwa: "Haingave kekutanga kekupedzisira kuti vanobatwa vasarudze mubati wavo".
Nekudaro, zvingave zvakareruka kutaura kuti kuparara kweSocial Democrats kungoti kune pfungwa dziri nyore dzevavhoti. Izvi zvaizopa mamirioni avanhu gumbeze kwepfungwa uye pakupedzisira kudzivirira vatambi kubva pakurangarira pabasa ravo vachizvishora.
Pfungwa dzemuvhoti
Kunyanya kungwara ndiko kutarisa kwezvinokambaira shanduko musarudzo. Sarudzo dzekupedzisira dzeNational Council dzakaratidza zvakajeka kuti FPÖ yanga ichikura kuita "bato revashandi", apo SPÖ yakakwira pamusoro pevose pakati pevadzidzi uye vepension. ari SORAKuongororwa kwesarudzo kwakaratidzawo zvakajeka kuti pfungwa dzimwe nguva dzaive dzakasarudza pakuvhota maitiro pane kuwana dzidzo uye chimiro chebasa. Nekudaro, inenge hafu yeavo maAustria, ayo anofunga nezve budiriro yenyika musimboti nezvakanaka, akasarudzira SPÖ (FPÖ: zvina muzana). Kune avo vanotarisa budiriro muAustria zvisizvo, vanenge hafu vakasarudza FPÖ zvakare (SPÖ: pfumbamwe muzana). Izvi ndizvo zvaivewo neyakaitwa subjentially anzwisisa (mu) kururamisira munyika.
Zvematongerwo enyika zvevakuru
Aya maitiro anogona zvakare kucherechedzwa muFrance, Great Britain kana USA. Thomas Picketty nguva pfupi yadarika akaongorora ivo varipo, achiona kuti mapato avo ebato reruboshwe ari kuwedzera kutorwa nevanhu vakadzidza. Mukuona kwake, ichi ndicho zvakare chikonzero nei maWestern ari democracies kuzviita zvakashata pamusiyano, nekuti "vakuru vedzidzo vanovhota vasiiwa nhasi, uye hupfumi hwenzvimbo dzichiri dzechokwadi." Mune mamwe mazwi, mapato makuru ese akaita mapato akasarudzika, achisiya vasina kudzidza uye nevasiri mapato. Kurudziro yake yenharaunda yekuzvitonga zvegutsaruzhinji inzira yakajeka iri bumbiro rezvehupfumi, kunyanya hupfumi mutero.
Zvakawanda kuruboshwe uye kurudyi
Masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika kuGermany pamwe neAustria vanocherechedzawo kuti vanhu vakawanda vanovhota vari kuzvimirira mune zvehupfumi kuruboshwe, asi zvemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika kurudyi kana kuchengetedza. Nekuda kweizvi, gurukota rezvematongerwo enyika reGerman VaAndreas Nöpke vanoona nzira yekudzoreredza maonero mazhinji se "kwete chete mune zvehupfumi mutemo wakasarudzika weiyo yakaderera 50 kusvika 60 muzana yehuwandu, asiwo yekugarisa vanhu avo vane kusagadzikana nezvekudyidzana kusati kwavepo" uye " kunetseka nezve kushaya simba kwenguva refu kwehutano hwemagariro kuburikidza nekutama uye kusimudzira-kusunungura EU ".
Anotizve mune izvi kuti "zvinzvimbo zvematongerwo enyika zvinogadzirisa izvi zvinowanzoonekwa se" kurudyi ". "Iko kunyepa." Kune rumwe ruoko, yake "yekuruboshwe-bapiro sarudzo" inotevedzera zvakajeka tsika-yedemokrasi, asi panguva imwechete inobvuma kuti kubatana kwezvemitambo kunokwanisika mukati memiganhu. Haanyatsotauri kana xenophobic kana rusaruraganda, asi anofungidzira nezve pfungwa yemiganhu yakavhurika uye nekuwedzera kusimbiswa kweEU. Pfungwa iyi yeruboshwe-kubhuroka, komisheni (sekupesana ne cosmopolitan) mutemo waizopindura mukuchinja kunokambaira kuri musarudzo.
Zano rakarongedzerwa zvakanaka reSocial Democrats parizvino riri kushomeka. Ivo kubva ku "zvakanyanya kuruboshwe uye zvakasvibirira" (Elmar Altvater) kusvika "kwakasimba mubatanidzwa weEuropean wemapati-kuruboshwe mapati, kusanganisira neva post-makomisheni veSouth neEast uye nzanga yemagariro" (Werner A. Perger). Nzira yekubuda munjodzi iripo parizvino inoshandisa masayendisiti mazhinji ezvematongerwo enyika, vanoona uye kwete mashoma mapato ezvematongerwo enyika ivo pachavo.Iyo inoramba ichinakidza zvinogadzirisa izvo zvinogadziriswa neChristian Kerns SPÖ, pamwe ne "Laborator" yeEuropean Social Democrats mumavhiki anotevera achaburitsa.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
