10 zvikonzero nei sangano remamiriro ekunze richifanira kugadzirisa nyaya dzemagariro | S4F AT

naMartin Auer

Ko mutemo wemamiriro ekunze unofanirwa kutarisisa chete mukuderedza kuburitswa kweCO2, kana kuti inofanirwa kumisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze mupfungwa yeshanduko yenharaunda yese? 

Nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika Fergus Green anobva kuUniversity College London uye muongorori wezvekusimudzirwa Noel Healy anobva kuSalem State University kuMassachusetts vakaburitsa ongororo pamubvunzo uyu mupepanhau reOne Earth: Kusaenzana kunopisa sei shanduko yemamiriro ekunze: Iyo mamiriro ekunze eGreen New Deal1 Mariri, vanobata nekutsoropodza kuti vamiriri ve CO2-centric policy level papfungwa dzakasiyana siyana dzinoisa kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze muzvirongwa zvakakura zvemagariro. Vatsoropodzi ava vanopokana kuti yakakura Green New Deal ajenda inodzikisira kuedza kwe decarbonization. Somuenzaniso, musayendisiti akakurumbira wezvemamiriro okunze Michael Mann akanyora mumagazini inonzi Nature:

"Kupa sangano rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze runyorwa rwezvimwe zvinorumbidzwa zvirongwa zvemagariro kune njodzi yekubvisa vatsigiri vanodiwa (sevanozvimiririra uye vane mwero vanochengetedza) vanotya chirongwa chakakura chekuchinja kwemagariro."2

Muchidzidzo chavo, vanyori vanoratidza izvozvo

• kusaenzana kwemagariro nehupfumi madhiraivha e CO2-yakanyanya kushandiswa uye kugadzira,
• kuti kugovaniswa kusina kuenzana kwemari nehupfumi kunobvumira vapfumi vakapfuma kukanganisa matanho ekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze,
• kuti kusaenzana kunokanganisa rutsigiro rweruzhinji rwekuita kwemamiriro ekunze,
• uye kuti kusaenzana kunokanganisa hukama hwemagariro hunodiwa pakuita pamwe chete.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti decarbonization yakazara inogona kuwanikwa kana nzira dzekabhoni-centric dzakaiswa muchirongwa chakakura chekuvandudza magariro, hupfumi uye demokrasi.

Iyi positi inogona kungopa pfupiso pfupi yechinyorwa. Pamusoro pazvose, chikamu chidiki chete chehumbowo hwakakura hunounzwa neGreen naHealy chinogona kudhindwa pano. Chinongedzo cherunyorwa chakazara chinotevera panoperera positi.

Maitiro ekudzivirira emamiriro ekunze, nyora Green uye Healy, yakatanga kubuda kubva mu CO2-centric maonero. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwainzwisiswa uye kuchiri kunzwisiswa sedambudziko rehunyanzvi rekuburitsa gasi regreenhouse rakawandisa. Zvishandiso zvakati wandei zvinokurudzirwa, zvakaita serubatsiro rwetekinoroji-yakaderera-emission tekinoroji uye kuseta tekinoroji zviyero. Asi chinonyanya kutariswa chiri pakushandiswa kwemaitiro emusika: CO2 mutero uye emission kutengesa.

Chii chinonzi Green New Deal?

Green New Deal mazano haagumiri pakuderedzwa kweCO2, asi anosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwemagariro, ehupfumi uye demokrasi shanduko. Vane chinangwa cheshanduko yezvehupfumi inosvika kure. Ehe, izwi rekuti "Green New Deal" harina kujeka3. Vanyori vanozivisa kufanana kunotevera: Green New Deal concepts inopa nyika basa repakati mukugadzira, dhizaini uye kutonga kwemisika, kureva kuburikidza nekudyara kwenyika muzvinhu zveveruzhinji uye masevhisi, mitemo nemirau, mari nemari, uye kutenga neruzhinji uye. kutsigira hutsva. Vavariro yezvipindiro zvehurumende izvi inofanira kunge iri yekuwaniswa kwepasi rose kwemidziyo nemabasa anogutsa zvinodiwa nevanhu zvakakosha uye kuti vakwanise kurarama hupenyu hwebudiriro. Kusaenzana kwehupfumi kunofanirwa kudzikiswa uye mhedzisiro yerusaruraganda, colonialist uye udzvanyiriri hwepabonde kuitwa zvakanaka. Chekupedzisira, pfungwa dzeGreen New Deal dzinovavarira kugadzira bato rakafara revanhu, richitsamira kune vese vanotora chikamu (kunyanya mapoka ezvido zvevanhu vanoshanda uye vagariwo zvavo), uye nerutsigiro rweruzhinji, runoratidzwa mumhedzisiro yesarudzo.

10 nzira dzinofambisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze

Ruzivo rwekuti kudziya kwepasi rose kuri kuwedzera kusaenzana kwemagariro nehupfumi kunonyanya kusimbiswa munharaunda yekudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvisinganyatsozivikanwi ndiyo nzira dzinokonzera dzinoyerera dzichienda kune rumwe rutivi, ndiko kuti, kusaenzana kwemagariro nehupfumi kunokanganisa sei kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.

Vanyori vanodoma nzira gumi dzakadaro mumapoka mashanu:

kunwa

1. Kana vanhu vachiwana mari yakawanda, vanodya zvakanyanya uye ma<em>greenhouse gases anokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu izvi zvevatengi. Zvidzidzo zvinofungidzira kuti kuburitswa kubva kune vakapfuma gumi muzana kunosvika makumi mashanu muzana ehutsi hwepasi rose. Kuchengetedzwa kukuru mukuburitswa kwaigona kuitwa kudai mihoro neupfumi hwemapoka epamusoro zvakaderedzwa. Chidzidzo4 ye2009 yakagumisa kuti 30% yehutsi hwepasi rose hunogona kuchengetedzwa kana zvinobuda kubva 1,1 bhiriyoni yezvakakura zvinoburitsa zvaingoiswa kune nhanho dzenhengo yavo isinganyanyi kusvibisa.5

2. Asi hakusi kungoshandisa kwevapfumi chete kunotungamirira kumhepo yakakwirira. Vapfumi vanowanzoratidza pfuma yavo nenzira yekuratidzira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vane mihoro yakaderera vanoedzawo kuwedzera chimiro chavo nekushandisa zviratidzo zvechimiro uye mari iyi yakawedzera kushandiswa nekushanda maawa akawanda (semuenzaniso nekushanda nguva yakawandisa kana nekuita kuti vanhu vakuru vese vari mumba vashande nguva yakazara).

Asi kuwedzera kwemari yakaderera hakukonzeriwo kuburitsa kwakakwira here? Kwete hazvo. Nokuti mamiriro ezvinhu evarombo haangogadziriswi chete nokuwana mari yakawanda. Inogonawo kuvandudzwa nekuita kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze zviwanikwe. Kana iwe ukangowana mari yakawanda, iwe uchashandisa mamwe magetsi, wedzera kupisa ne1 dhigirii, kutyaira kakawanda, nezvimwe zviwanikwe, nezvimwewo, mamiriro evasina hupfumi anogona kuvandudzwa pasina kuwedzera kuburitsa.

Imwe maonero ndeekuti kana chinangwa chiri chekuti vanhu vese vanakirwe nepamusoro-soro yehutano mukati mekuchengetedza kabhoni bhajeti, ipapo kushandiswa nezvikamu zvevarombo zvehuwandu kunofanirwa kuwedzera. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kudiwa kwakanyanya kwesimba uye nekudaro kune yakakwira greenhouse gasi kubuda. Kuti isu tirambe tiri mune yakachengeteka kabhoni bhajeti yakazara, kusaenzana kunofanirwa kudzikiswa kubva kumusoro nekudzora sarudzo dzekushandisa dzevapfumi. Izvo zviyero zvakadaro zvingareva kukura kweGDP inosiiwa yakavhurika nevanyori semubvunzo usina kugadziriswa.

Mumusimboti, vanodaro Green naHealy, simba rinodiwa nevanhu vane mari shoma zviri nyore kubvisa kaboni sezvo vachitarisa padzimba uye kwakakosha kufamba. Simba rakawanda rinopedzwa nevapfumi rinobva mukufamba nendege6. A decarbonization yekufamba kwemhepo kwakaoma, kudhura uye kuzadzisa parizvino hakuonekwe. Saka kunaka kwezvinobuda mukuderedza mihoro yepamusoro-soro kunogona kuve kwakakura kudarika kukanganisa kwekuwedzera mari yakaderera.

kugadzirwa

Kunyangwe masisitimu ekupa anogona kuderedzwa zvinoenderana kwete chete nesarudzo dzevatengi, asiwo zvakanyanya pasarudzo dzekugadzira nemakambani nematongerwo ehupfumi ehurumende.

3. Vapfumi 60% varidzi vari pakati pe80% (Europe) uye inoda kusvika 5% yehupfumi. Hafu yevarombo ine XNUMX% (Europe) kana pasi7. Kureva kuti, vashoma vashoma (vazhinji vachena nevarume) vanosarudza nekudyara kwavo kuti chii uye sei chinogadzirwa. Munguva yeneoliberal kubvira 1980, makambani mazhinji aimbove ehurumende akaiswa pasi pehurumende kuitira kuti sarudzo dzekugadzira dzive pasi pekufunga kwe pundutso yakazvimirira pane zvinodiwa neveruzhinji. Panguva imwe cheteyo, “vagovani” (varidzi vezvitupa zvemugove, masheya) vakawana kudzora kuri kuwedzera pamusoro pehutungamiri hwemakambani, kuitira kuti zvishuvo zvavo zvenguva pfupi, zvinokurumidza kuita purofiti zvitarise zvisarudzo zvekambani. Izvi zvinoita kuti mamaneja achinje mari kune vamwe uye, semuenzaniso, kudzivirira kana kumisa CO2-yekuchengetedza mari.

4. Varidzi vemaguta vanoshandisawo mari yavo kuwedzera mitemo yezvematongerwo enyika neyemasangano inoisa mhindu pamberi pezvimwe zvese zvinotariswa. Kurudziro yemakambani emafuta emafuta pasarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika inonyorwa zvakanyanya. Kubva 2000 kusvika 2016, semuenzaniso, US $ XNUMX bhiriyoni yakashandiswa kukurudzira Congress pamitemo yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.8. Pesvedzero yavo pamaonero eruzhinji inonyorwawo9 . Vanoshandisawo simba ravo kudzvanyirira kuramba uye kuita kuti varatidziri vave mhosva10

.

Kudzora kweDemocratic, kuzvidavirira mune zvematongerwo enyika uye bhizinesi, kudzorwa kwemakambani uye misika yemari saka nyaya dzakabatana zvakanyanya nemikana ye decarbonization.

zvematongerwo enyika ekutya

5. Kutya kurasikirwa nemabasa kune chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze, chaiwo kana anofungidzirwa, anokanganisa rutsigiro rwekuita decarbonization.11. Kunyangwe denda reCCIDID-19 risati rasvika, musika wepasi rose wevashandi waive mudambudziko: kushaya mabasa, kushomeka, mabasa asina kunaka pazasi pemusika wevashandi, kuderera kwenhengo yemubatanidzwa, zvese izvi zvakawedzera nedenda, izvo zvakawedzera kusachengeteka.12. Mitengo yeCarbon uye/kana kubviswa kwerubatsiro kunovengwa nevanhu vane mari shoma nekuti vanowedzera mutengo wezvinhu zvemazuva ese zvevatengi zvinoburitsa kabhoni.

6. Kuwedzera kwemitengo nekuda kwemitemo ye carbon-centric - chaiyo kana kuti inofungidzirwa - iri kukonzera kushushikana, kunyanya pakati pevarombo, uye kuderedza rubatsiro rwevanhu kwavari. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kuunganidza veruzhinji kuti vatore matanho ekubvisa carbonization. Kunyanya mapoka anonyanya kukanganiswa nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze, i.e. ane zvikonzero zvakasimba zvekuunganidza, sevakadzi uye vanhu vane ruvara, vanonyanya kutarisana nemigumisiro ye inflation. (KuAustria, tinogona kuwedzera vanhu vane ruvara kune vanhu vanobva kune imwe nyika uye vanhu vasina chizvarwa cheAustria.)

Hupenyu hunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze haugoneki kune vakawanda

7. Vanhu vane mari shoma havana nzira dzemari kana kuti zvinokurudzira kuti vaise mari muzvinhu zvinodhura zvinoshandisa simba kana kuti zvishoma-carbon. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzakapfuma, varombo vanogara mudzimba dzisingashandisi magetsi. Sezvo vachinyanya kugara mudzimba dzekurenda, havana mari inovakurudzira kuti vakwanise kuisa mari yavo mukuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimba. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakananga kugona kwavo kudzikisa kuburitswa kwekushandisa uye zvinokonzeresa kutya kwavo kwekukwira kwemitengo.

8. Mitemo yakanyatsonangana neCO2 inogonawo kumutsa kupikisa kwakananga, sekufamba kweyellow vest muFrance, iyo yakanangana nekuwedzera kwemutengo wemafuta kunoruramiswa nemutemo wemamiriro ekunze. Kuvandudzwa kwemitengo yemagetsi neyekufambisa kwamutsa mhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika munyika dzakawanda dzakaita seNigeria, Ecuador neChile. Munzvimbo dzine maindasitiri akanyanya kabhoni, kuvharwa kwezvirimwa kunogona kukanganisa hupfumi hwenzvimbo uye kuputsa zvitupa zvakadzika midzi, hukama hwemagariro uye hukama kumba.

Kushaya kubatana

Tsvagiridzo ichangobva kuitika inobatanidza huwandu hwepamusoro hwekusaenzana kwehupfumi kusvika pamwero wakaderera wekuvimbana kwevanhu (kuvimba nevamwe vanhu) uye kuvimba kwezvematongerwo enyika (kuvimba nemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika nemasangano).13. Akaderera mazinga ekuvimba anobatanidzwa nerutsigiro rwakaderera rwekuita kwemamiriro ekunze, kunyanya kune zvekushandisa mari14. Green uye Healy vanoona nzira mbiri dziri kushanda pano:

9. Kusaenzana kwehupfumi kunotungamirira - izvi zvinogona kuonekwa - kune huwori huzhinji15. Izvi zvinosimbisa pfungwa huru yekuti vezvematongerwo enyika vanongotsvaga zvido zvavo uye zvevapfumi. Zvakadai, vagari vemo havazovi nechivimbo kana vakavimbiswa kuti zvirambidzo zvenguva pfupi zvichaunza kuvandudzwa kwenguva refu.

10. Chechipiri, kusaenzana kwehupfumi nemagariro kunotungamirira kukuparadzana munzanga. Vapfumi vepamusoro vanogona kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kubva kunharaunda yese uye vazvidzivirire kubva kune zvakaipa zvemagariro uye zvakatipoteredza. Nekuda kwekuti vapfumi vepamusoro vane simba risingaenzaniswi pakugadzirwa kwetsika nemagariro, kunyanya vezvenhau, vanogona kushandisa simba iri kukurudzira kupatsanurana pakati pemapoka emagariro akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, vapfumi vanochengetedza muUS vakasimudzira pfungwa yekuti hurumende inotora kubva kune "vanoshanda nesimba" vachena vanoshanda kuti vape zvipo kune "vasina kukodzera" varombo, vakadai sevatorwa nevanhu vemavara. (MuAustria, izvi zvinoenderana nedambudziko rinopesana nemagariro e "vatorwa" uye "vanotsvaka pekupotera"). Maonero akadaro anoderedza hukama hwemagariro hunodiwa kuti tibatane pakati pemapoka evanhu. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda, sekudiwa kwekukurumidza decarbonization, kunogona kugadzirwa chete nekusimbisa hukama hwemagariro evanhu pakati pemapoka evanhu akasiyana. Kwete chete nekuda kugovewa kwakaenzana kwezviwanikwa, asiwo nekuzivana kunobvumira vanhu kuti vazvione sechikamu chechirongwa chakafanana chinowana kuvandudzwa kune vese.

Ndedzipi mhinduro kubva kuGreen New Deals?

Saka, sezvo kusaenzana kunobatsira zvakananga kukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kana kutadzisa decarbonization munzira dzakasiyana siyana, zvine musoro kufunga kuti pfungwa dzekuchinja kwakawanda munharaunda dzinogona kukurudzira kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.

Vanyori vakaongorora 29 Green New Deal concepts kubva kumakondinendi mashanu (kunyanya kubva kuEurope neUSA) uye vakakamura zvikamu muzvikamu zvitanhatu zvepolicy kana masumbu.

Kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kwakasimba

1. Mitemo yekugara yakagadzikana yemagariro inovavarira kuti vanhu vese vakwanise kuwana zvinhu uye masevhisi anosangana nezvinodiwa zvakakosha nenzira yakagadzikana: dzimba dzinoshanda zvakanaka, emission- uye isina kusvibiswa-isina kusvibiswa kwesimba remumba, kushingaira uye kufambiswa kwevanhu, chikafu chinogadzirwa chine hutano, mvura yekunwa yakachengeteka. Matanho akadaro anoderedza kusaenzana mukutarisira. Kusiyana nemitemo yeCO2-centric chete, vanogonesa makirasi evarombo kuwana zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese zvakaderera-kabhoni pasina kuremedza bhajeti remhuri yavo zvakanyanya (Mechanism 2) uye nekudaro hazvikonzerese kupikiswa kubva kwavari (Mechanism 7). Decarbonising aya masisitimu ekupa anogadzirawo mabasa (semuenzaniso kugadziridza kupisa uye basa rekuvaka).

Kuchengetedzwa kwemari

2. Green New Deal concepts inovavarira kuchengetedza mari kune varombo neavo vari panjodzi yehurombo. Semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nekodzero yakavimbiswa yekushanda; mari shoma yakavimbiswa inokwana kurarama; zvirongwa zvemahara kana zverubatsiro zvekudzidzisa mabasa emamiriro ekunze; kuwanikwa kwakachengeteka kwehutano, hutano hwevanhu uye kuchengetwa kwevana; kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kwakavandudzwa. Mitemo yakadaro inogona kuderedza kushorwa kwekuita kwemamiriro ekunze pamusana pekusachengeteka kwemari nemagariro evanhu (Mechanisms 5 kusvika ku8). Kuchengetedzwa kwemari kunobvumira vanhu kuti vanzwisise kuedza kwe decarbonization pasina kutya. Sezvo ivo vachipawo rutsigiro kuvashandi mukudzikira maindasitiri ane kabhoni-yakanyanya, vanogona kuonekwa senzira yakawedzerwa ye 'kungochinja'.

shanduko muhukama hwesimba

3. Vanyori vanoona kuedza kushandura hukama hwesimba sesumbu rechitatu. Urongwa hwemamiriro ekunze huchashanda zvakanyanya kana huchiwedzera kudzora kuwanda kwehupfumi nesimba (mechanisms 3 ne4). Green New Deal pfungwa dzinovavarira kudzikisa hupfumi hwevapfumi: kuburikidza nekuwedzera mari inofambira mberi uye hupfumi mutero uye nekuvhara mutero maburi. Vanodaidza simba rekuchinja kubva kune vanogovanisa kuenda kuvashandi, vatengi uye nharaunda dzenzvimbo. Vanoedza kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwemari yakazvimirira mune zvematongerwo enyika, semuenzaniso nekudzora kukwezva, kudzikamisa kushandiswa kwemushandirapamwe, kurambidza kushambadza kwezvematongerwo enyika kana kupa veruzhinji mari yekuratidzira musarudzo. Nekuti hukama hwesimba zvakare hwerusaruraganda, sexist, uye colonialist, mazhinji Green New Deal pfungwa dzinodaidza zvinhu, zvematongerwo enyika, uye zvetsika hutongi kumapoka akashongedzwa. (KuAustria izvi zvinoreva, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kugumisa kusabatanidzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika kwevanhu vanopfuura miriyoni vanoshanda vasina kodzero yekuvhota).

CO2-centric zviyero

4. Chikwata chechina chinosanganisira CO2-centric zviyero zvakadai semitero yeCO2, mutemo wezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi, mutemo wekugoverwa kwemafuta emafuta, rubatsiro rwekuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekunze-neutral technologies. Sezvo ivo vari regressive, i.e. vane simba rakakura pamari yakaderera, izvi zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa nezviyero kubva kumasumbu matatu ekutanga.

kugoverwazve nenyika

5. Kufanana kunokatyamadza kwepfungwa dzeGreen New Deal ibasa rakakura iro mari inoshandiswa nehurumende inotarisirwa kuita. Mitero ye CO2 emissions, mari uye mari inokurukurwa pamusoro apa inofanira kushandiswa kubhadhara matanho anodiwa ekugadzirisa magariro evanhu, asiwo kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji. Mabhanga epakati anofanirwa kufarira zvikamu zvakaderera-kabhoni nehurongwa hwemari, uye mabhanga ekudyara egirinhi anokurudzirwa zvakare. Iyo accounting yenyika uye zvakare accounting yemakambani inofanirwa kurongeka zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekusimudzira. Haisi iyo GDP (gross domestic product) iyo inofanirwa kushanda sechiratidzo chekubudirira kwehupfumi, asi Genuine Progress Indicator.16 (chiratidzo chekufambira mberi chaiko), kanenge sewedzero.

Kudyidzana kwenyika dzakawanda

6. Mashoma chete akaongororwa eGreen New Deal pfungwa anosanganisira zvikamu zvemitemo yekunze. Vamwe vanokurudzira kugadziridzwa kwemuganho kuchengetedza kugadzirwa kwakasimba kubva kumakwikwi kubva kunyika dzine mirau yekusagadzikana isina kusimba. Vamwe vanotarisa pamitemo yepasi rose yekutengeserana uye kuyerera kwemari. Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze idambudziko repasi rose, vanyori vanotenda kuti Green New Deal pfungwa dzinofanirwa kusanganisira chikamu chepasi rose. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nhanho dzekuita kuti hupfumi hurambe huripo pasi rose, kusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwemari, kushandura hukama hwemasimba epasi rose, kugadzirisa masangano emari epasi rose. Mafungiro eGreen New Deal anogona kuve nezvinangwa zvekunze zvekune dzimwe nyika zvekugovana matekinoroji egirinhi uye pfuma yehungwaru nenyika dzine urombo, kusimudzira kutengeserana kwezvinhu zvinoshamwaridzana nemamiriro ekunze uye kudzora kutengeserana muCO2-inorema zvigadzirwa, kudzivirira kuyambuka-muganho mari yemapurojekiti ezvicherwa, kuvhara mutero pokugara. kupa rubatsiro rwechikwereti uye kuunza pasi rose mitero mishoma yemutero.

Kuongorora kuEurope

Kusaenzana kunonyanya kukwirira pakati penyika dzine mari yakawanda muUnited States. Munyika dzeEurope haina kutaurwa kudaro. Vamwe vanoita zvematongerwo enyika muEurope vanofunga nezveGreen New Deal pfungwa dzekukwanisa kuhwina ruzhinji. Iyo "European Green Deal" yakaziviswa neEU Commission inogona kuratidzika kunge ine mwero kana ichienzaniswa nemhando dzatsanangurwa pano, asi vanyori vanoona kuzorora neyakapfuura CO2-centric maitiro emamiriro ekunze. Zvakaitika kune dzimwe nyika dzeEU zvinoratidza kuti mhando dzakadai dzinogona kubudirira nevavhoti. Semuenzaniso, Spanish Socialist Party yakawedzera huwandu hwayo nezvigaro makumi matatu nemasere musarudzo dze2019 nechirongwa chakasimba cheGreen New Deal.

Cherechedzo: Chete sarudzo diki yemareferensi yaiswa muchidimbu ichi. Rondedzero yakazara yezvidzidzo zvakashandiswa kuchinyorwa chekutanga inogona kuwanikwa pano: https://www.cell.com/one-earth/fulltext/S2590-3322(22)00220-2#secsectitle0110

Mufananidzo webutiro: J. Sibiga via Flickr, C.C BY-SA
Akaonekwa: Michael Bürkle

1 Green, Fergus; Healy, Noel (2022): Kusaenzana kunopisa sei shanduko yemamiriro ekunze: Iyo mamiriro ekunze eGreen New Deal. Mu: Imwe Nyika 5/6:635-349. Pamhepo: https://www.cell.com/one-earth/fulltext/S2590-3322(22)00220-2

2 Mann, Michael E. (2019): Radical shanduko uye girini nyowani dhiri. Mu: Zvisikwa 573_ 340-341

3 Uye hazvienderane neizwi rekuti "social-ecological shanduko", kunyangwe paine zvinopindirana. Izwi iri rakavakirwa pa "New Deal", chirongwa chehupfumi cheFD Rooseveldt, icho chaiitirwa kurwisa dambudziko rehupfumi rema1930s muUSA. Mufananidzo wedu webutiro unoratidza chivezwa chinorangarira izvi.

4 Chakravarty S. et al. (2009): Kugovera kuderedzwa kwepasi rose CO2 emission pakati pebhirioni imwe yakakwirira emitters. Mu: Proc. national Acad. sainzi US 106: 11884-11888

5 Enzanisa zvakare mushumo wedu wezvino Climate Inequality Report 2023

6 Kune chegumi chakapfuma kwazvo chehuwandu hweUK, kufamba nendege kwakaverengera 2022% yesimba remunhu rekushandisa muna 37. Munhu ari muchegumi akapfuma akashandisa simba rakawanda pakufamba nendege semunhu ari murombo zvegumi zviviri pazvese zvinodiwa pakurarama: https://www.carbonbrief.org/richest-people-in-uk-use-more-energy-flying-than-poorest-do-overall/

7 Chancel L, Piketty T, Saez E, Zucman G (2022): World Inequality Report 2022. Online: https://wir2022.wid.world/executive-summary/

8 Brulle, RJ (2018): The climate lobby: a sectoral analysis of lobbying spending on climate change in the USA, 2000 to 2016. Climatic Change 149, 289–303. Pamhepo: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-018-2241-z

9 Oreskes N .; Conway EM (2010); Vatengesi Vekupokana: Mashoma Masayendisiti Akavharidzira Chokwadi Panyaya Kubva Kusvuta Kwefodya kuenda Kudziya Kwepasirese. Bloomsbury Press,

10 Scheidel Armin et al. (2020): Kunetsana kwezvakatipoteredza uye vadziviriri: mucherechedzo wepasi rose. Mu: Glob. zvakatipoteredza Chang. 2020; 63: 102104, Pamhepo: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020301424?via%3Dihub

11 Vona, F. (2019): Kurasikirwa nebasa uye kugamuchirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwemamiriro ekunze: sei iyo 'yekuuraya-basa' nharo ichienderera uye nzira yekuipidigura. Mu: Clim. Policy. 2019; 19:524-532. Pamhepo: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14693062.2018.1532871?journalCode=tcpo20

12 Muna Kubvumbi 2023, 2,6 miriyoni vechidiki vari pasi pemakore makumi maviri nemashanu vaive vasingashandi muEU, kana 25%: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/16863929/3-01062023-BP-EN.pdf/f94b2ddc-320b-7c79-5996-7ded045e327e

13 Rothstein B., Uslaner EM (2005): Zvose kune vose: kuenzana, huori, uye kuvimba kwevanhu. Mu: World Politics. 2005; 58:41-72. Pamhepo: https://muse-jhu-edu.uaccess.univie.ac.at/article/200282

14 Kitt S. et al. (2021): Basa rekuvimba mukugamuchirwa kwevagari vemitemo yemamiriro ekunze: kuenzanisa maonero ehurumende kugona, kuvimbika uye kukosha kwakafanana. Mu: Ecol. econ. 2021; 183: 106958. Pamhepo: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800921000161

15 Uslaner EM (2017): Kuvimba nezvematongerwo enyika, huori, uye kusaenzana. in: Zmerli S. van der Meer TWG Handbook on Political Trust: 302-315

16https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indikator_echten_Fortschritts