Zachitukuko - guluu la demokalase

Pafupifupi 16 peresenti ya nzika za EU amadalira magulu awo andale. Nthawi yomweyo, magulu aboma amakhala ndi mbiri yapamwamba pakati pa anthu. Kodi ili ndi kuthekanso kubwezeretsa chidaliro chakusokonekera ndikuthana ndi kutalikirana kwa nzika za boma?

Mavuto azachuma sanangopereka chiwopsezo chachikulu kukukula kwachuma ku Europe. Zikuwonetseranso kusintha komwe chikhulupiriro cha azungu ku mabungwe a EU, komanso maboma awo ndi misonkhano yawo, yatsika. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Euro Barometer akuwonetsa kuti 16 peresenti yokha ya nzika za EU kudera lonse la Europe amadalira magulu awo andale, pomwe sakukhulupirira peresenti yonse ya 78. Austria ndi amodzi mwa mayiko omwe nyumba yamalamulo ndi boma zikukhalabe ndi chidaliro (44 kapena 42 peresenti). Mulimonsemo, kuposa mabungwe a EU (32 peresenti). Kumbali ina, ambiri mwa iwo omwe anasiya kudalira maboma awo ndi ma parishi, komanso mabungwe a EU, amapitilira EU.

Dalirani mabungwe andale ku Austria ndi EU (peresenti)

Zotsatira za zovuta zamtunduwu sizikudziwika. Zipani zopezeka kumanja zokomera anthu, zipani zotsutsa za EU komanso za xenophobic zidapambana zisankho ku Europe chaka chatha ndipo dziko lakale lidadzaza ndi ziwonetsero zambiri - osati ku Greece, Italy, France kapena Spain, komanso ku Brussels, Ireland, Germany kapena Austria Anthu adapita m'misewu chifukwa akuwona kuti andiyidwa. Kusakhutira kwa anthu ndi oimira awo andale kwayamba kalekale padziko lonse lapansi. CIVICUS State of Civil Society Report 2014, mwachitsanzo, yapeza kuti mu 2011 anthu m'maiko 88, pafupifupi theka la mayiko onse, anachita nawo ziwonetsero zambiri. Poona vuto lomwe latsala tsopano la othaŵa kwawo, kusowa kwa ntchito (achinyamata), chuma chochuluka kwambiri komanso kusalingana kwachuma, kuphatikiza ndi kuchepa kwachuma, kuthekera kwa magwiridwe a anthu kungayembekezere kuchuluka. Chifukwa chake sizosadabwitsa kuti chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zikudetsa nkhawa za demokalase yamakono ndikulekanitsa nzika kuti zisachite ndale. Ndipo ngati sichoncho, ndiye ziyenera kutero.

Funso limabuka ngati kulimbikitsa demokalase kwa anthu wamba kungathe kuthana ndi tsankho la anthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano wamagulu. Kodi ili ndi kuthekanso kubwezeretsa chidaliro chomwe anthu ali nacho ndikuletsa kusiya ntchito za demokalase, ufulu wachibadwidwe, kusiyana pakati pa anthu ndi kulolerana? Itha kuyimira lingaliro la kutenga nawo mbali, demokalase ndi chilungamo chachitukuko modziwika bwino kwambiri kuposa boma ndipo imakondwera ndi chinthu chomwe chatayika kuyambira kalekale ku mabungwe andale: kudaliridwa kwa anthu.

"Maboma wamba amapatsidwa chidaliro chambiri kuposa maboma, oyimira mabizinesi ndi media. Tikukhala munthawi yomwe kudalira ndikofunika kwambiri kuposa ndalama zonse. "
Ingrid Srinath, Civicus

Malinga ndi kafukufuku woimira telefoni woyimira ku Marktforschunsginstitut msika (2013), anthu asanu ndi anayi mwa omwe anafunsidwa mafunso ati akuwunika kwambiri mabungwe aboma ku Austria komanso oposa 50 peresenti ya aku Austral amakhulupirira kuti kufunikira kwawo kukupitiliza kukula. Pa mulingo waku Europe, chithunzi chofananacho chikuwonekera: Kafukufuku wa Eurobarometer wa 2013 pamaganizidwe a EU Citizens pamagulu otenga nawo mbali anapeza kuti 59 peresenti ya azungu amakhulupirira mabungwe omwe siaboma (NGOs) amagawana zomwe amakonda ndi zomwe amakhulupirira. "Maboma wamba amapatsidwa chidaliro chambiri kuposa maboma, oyimira mabizinesi ndi media. Tikukhala munthawi yomwe kudalira ndikofunika kwambiri pazinthu zonse zachuma, "adatero Ingrid Srinath, Secretary-General wa CIVICUS Global Alliance for Civil Participation.

Mabungwe apadziko lonse akutengera izi. Mwachitsanzo, World Economic Forum inalemba mu lipotilo lake za tsogolo la anthu wamba: “Kufunika ndi chitsogozo cha maboma zikukwera ndipo ayenera kulimbikitsidwanso kuti ayambenso kukhulupirirana. […] Zachitukuko sizikuyenera kuonanso ngati gawo lachitatu, koma zomatira zomwe zimagwirizanitsa pagulu ndi zayekha palimodzi. Komiti ya Nduna za Council of Europe idazindikiranso pazopereka zake "thandizo lofunikira la mabungwe omwe si aboma pakukweza ndi kukhazikitsa demokalase ndi ufulu wa anthu, makamaka polimbikitsa kuzindikira kwa anthu, kutenga nawo mbali m'miyoyo yaboma ndikuwonetsetsa poyera ndikuwayankha poyera pakati pa olamulira". Ogwira ntchito zapamwamba ku Europe, BEPA, adatinso gawo lalikulu lachitapo kanthu pazotenga nawo gawo m'tsogolo ku Europe: "Sipafunso kukambirana kapena kukambirana ndi nzika komanso mabungwe wamba. Lero lino ndikupereka ufulu kwa nzika kuti zithandizire kupanga zisankho ku EU, kuwapatsa mwayi woti azichita zandale komanso kuti boma liziwayankha mlandu, "linatero lipoti la ntchito zachitukuko.

Ndipo kulemera kwandale?

Ma NGO ambiri ku Austria akuyesetsa kuchita nawo mbali popanga zisankho komanso kupanga malingaliro. "Ndi mitu yathu, timalankhula mwachindunji ndi omwe akuchita zisankho pakuyang'anira (ma unduna, olamulira) ndi malamulo (National Council, Landtage), onetsetsani zovuta ndikuwonetsa mayankho," atero a Thomas Mördinger a ku ÖkoBüro, mgwirizano m'mabungwe a 16 pantchito yothandizira anthu Zachilengedwe, chilengedwe ndi nyama. Monga gawo la ntchito zake zokopa, WWF Austria imalumikizananso ndi zipani, maofesi, olamulira ndi oimira andale pamaderalo ndi maboma. Asylkoordination Österreich, gulu lakunja ndi mabungwe othandizira othawa kwawo, amapanga zosinthika mosalekeza ndi zipani zandale, mwakuti, mwachitsanzo, mafunso a nyumba yamalamulo amafunsidwa omwe amakondweretsedwa kapena ngakhale kugwirizanitsidwa ndi bungwe laling'ono.

"Pamalo ovomerezeka, mwayi wogawana nawo malamulo ku Austria ndi wocheperako."
Thomas Mördinger, Ofesi ya Eco

Ngakhale kusinthana pakati pa ndale za ku Austra, kayendetsedwe ka boma ndi magawoli ndi amoyo, kumadziwika chifukwa cha kusamvana. Zimachitika pokhapokha zachidziwikire ndipo zimangolekeredwa m'mabungwe ochepa. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachokera kwa nthumwi za mabungwe aboma. A Thomas Mördinger ochokera ku ÖkoBüro amapereka chidziwitso pakuchita kwawo: "Maofesiwa amasunga mindandanda yawo, yomwe mabungwe amafunsidwa kuti afotokoze. Komabe, nthawi zowerengera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi kwambiri kapena zimayikidwa kuti ziziwunika kwambiri zolemba zamalamulo zomwe zimaphatikizapo nthawi zapadera tchuthi. " Ngakhale oimira mabungwe aboma amatha kuperekapo malingaliro, palibe malamulo omangira kutero. "Pa malo ovomerezeka, mwayi wogawana nawo malamulo ku Austria ndi wocheperako," adapitilizabe Mördinger. Kuperewera kumatsimikizidwanso ndi Franz Ne kujitufl, Woyang'anira wamkulu wa mabungwe omwe sachita phindu (IGO): "Zokambirana nthawi zonse zimakhala zopanda pake, zosunga nthawi komanso sizikhala zadongosolo monga momwe mukufunira."

"Zokambirana zimakhala zachisawawa, zosunga nthawi komanso osati zadongosolo monga momwe mungafunire."
Franz Ne kujitufl, woyimira mabungwe omwe si- ochita phindu (IGO)

Kukambirana kwapagulu kwakhala nthawi yayitali padziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, White Paper on European Governance, Msonkhano wa Aarhus, ndi Council of Europe akufuna kuti bungwe la mabungwe aboma liziwayika nawo gawo pantchito yopanga malamulo. Nthawi yomweyo, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi - ngakhale ndi UN, G20 kapena European Commission - amachiwonetsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza mabungwe aboma mokomera boma.

Civil Society: Ndalama

Kwa Franz Ne kujitufl, yemwe amatchedwa "Compact" ndi chitsanzo chachitsanzo chogwirizana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa maboma ndi boma .Panganoli ndi mgwirizano wolembedwa pakati pa mabungwe ndi maboma omwe akuyang'anira cholinga ndi mawonekedwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, Compact, imalimbikitsa anthu kuti ufulu ndi zolinga za mabungwe aboma zizilemekezedwa ndi kusamalidwa, kuti zithandizidwe munjira zomveka komanso zofanana, komanso kuti azitenga nawo mbali pakukweza mapulogalamu andale kuyambira nthawi yoyambirira. Mabungwe aboma, nawonso amafunikira bungwe lothandiza, umboni wotsimikizika monga maziko operekera mayankho ndi makampeni, kuzindikira mwadongosolo ndikuyimira malingaliro ndi zokonda za gulu lomwe akutsata, komanso osamveka bwino za omwe akuimira komanso omwe alibe.

Pakutha kwa Compact, boma la Britain ladzipereka ku "kupatsa anthu mphamvu zochulukirapo komanso kuwongolera miyoyo yawo ndi madera awo, ndikuyika kudzipereka kwachikhalidwe chopitilira kuyendetsa boma ndi ndondomeko zapamwamba." Amawona udindo wake makamaka pakupititsa patsogolo "kusintha kwachikhalidwe pakupereka mphamvu kuchokera pakati ndikuwonekeranso kuwonekera". Chifukwa chake sizosadabwitsa kuti England ilinso ndi "Ministry of Civil Society" yawo.
M'malo mwake, pafupifupi theka la mayiko onse a EU Okhala nawo adapanga chikalata choterechi ndipo adachita mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi mabungwe wamba. Mwatsoka ku Austria kulibe.

NGO Austria

Gulu laku Austria likuphatikiza pafupifupi magulu a 120.168 (2013) ndi chiwerengero chosadziwika cha maziko abwino. Ripoti la Economic Report la Austria likusonyezanso kuti mchaka cha 2010 5,2 peresenti ya onse ogwira ntchito ku Austria adalembedwa ntchito zaka 15 m'gawo lopanda phindu.
Kufunikira kwachuma kwa anthu wamba sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Ngakhale izi sizinalembedwe mwadongosolo mdziko muno, komabe zikuyerekezedwa malinga ndi malamulo a zaluso. Mwachitsanzo, kuwerengetsa komwe kunachitika ndi Vienna University of Economics ndi Danube University Krems kukuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe kwawonjezeredwa ndi mabungwe omwe siabungwe la Austria pakati pa 5,9 ndi 10 kumakhala mabiliyoni mabiliyoni pachaka. Izi zikufanana ndi 1,8 mpaka 3,0 peresenti ya GDP yaku Austria.

Photo / Video: Shutterstock, Makina azosankha.