Chuma popanda kukula

"Ngati aliyense ayenda wamaliseche ndikukhala okhutira, kukula sikofunikira," akunyoza Christoph Schneider, wamkulu waofesi ya Economic Policy ku WKO. Zomwe zimayambitsa mawu awa: Zosowa za anthu sizimaleka ndipo zimangopitilira. Osangolakalaka chuma ndi ntchito zochulukirapo, komanso chidwi cha zinthu zatsopano zikukula. Onjezerani kwa ichi chikhumbo chofuna kusankha m'moyo. "Ngakhale timangodya za schnitzel nthawi zonse pansomba, timafunabe mipira yaiwisi ya nkhosa yokhotedwa ndi nyama yankhumba pamenyu," akutero Schneider.
Malingana ngati pali zochulukirapo zofunika pa chuma, kutalika ndikofunika. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo malipiro apamwamba, ma foni amphamvu kwambiri komanso magawo angapo a nyama yankhumba pa tchizi.

Moyo wabwino wa aliyense?
Umodzi wadziko lapansi kapena chiwonetsero chonse? Kugulitsa kwaulere inde kapena ayi? Pamsonkano wa "Life Life for All", kuzungulira akatswiri apadziko lonse a 140 ochokera ku sayansi, magulu a anthu, magulu achisangalalo, andale ndi bizinesi omwe adakambirana ndi ena mwa msonkhano wa 1.000.
"Ndizokhudza kuyika mayiko padziko lonse lapansi ndi kubwezeretsanso malo oyambira 'kuchokera pansi” ndi mayendedwe azachuma. Koma tifunikira zonse ziwiri: kudziyimira pawokha komanso cosmopolitanism - dziko lomwe likugwirizana ndi chilengedwe, "adatero Andreas Novy, mtsogoleri wa Institute of Multi-Level Governance and Development ku WU.
Komabe, kuwonjezera pa mayankho atsopano pamavuto a kudalirana kwa mayiko, kungafunike kutsutsana pa zoopsa zomwe zimabweretsa: "Kupita patsogolo kwenikweni sikutanthauza kukana chitukuko chomwe, koposa zonse, chimabweretsa ndi kusalingana konse kwachilengedwe komanso zovuta zachilengedwe," akutero Profesa Jean Marc Fontan ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Montreal.

Kukula m'magazi

Koma kodi kukula kwachuma kwenikweni ndi chiyani? Ziwerengero zake, ndiye kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse zapakhomo. Mwachidule, ndi gawo la malipiro onse mdziko. Makampani apamwamba amalipira antchito awo, momwe amapezekera. Chifukwa choti mukapeza ndalama zambiri, mumakonda kupita kunyumba za alendo. Izi zimawonjezera kutembenuka kwamakampani. Alendowa nthawi zambiri amalamula mipira yaiwisi ya nkhosa yamtengo wapatali.

Zimachitika za capitalism

Chifukwa chake kukula ndi magazi m'mitsempha yama capitalism. Popanda kukula, makina athu amapita ku maondo ake, chifukwa makampani akupikisana nthawi zonse. Amatha kukhala ndi moyo ngati atakula ndikukula. "Ngati kampani imagulitsa chimodzimodzi chaka chilichonse, singapereke malipiro kwa ogwira ntchito ake. Zotsatira zake, mgwirizano wophatikizika umachulukana panthawi yamavuto azachuma, momwe simunachitikemo mafakitale ena, sunali wogwirizana, "akutero Schneider posinthira. Posachedwa, ndalama zapamwamba za malipiro zidachotsedwa ndi ndalama posungira ndikutukuka. Choyesa chowopsa pakapita nthawi, chifukwa chimakhala ndi zovuta. Maloto achigawo chachiwiri cha bacon kuzungulira tchizi amasunthira patali, chifukwa zokolola sizikula. Wosunga alendo sagulitsa kachikuto ka batoni kuti ophika ake azitha kuphimba tchizi yambiri ya nkhosa kwa alendo ambiri m'nthawi yochepa. Pomaliza yanthawi yake: Ngati tikufuna kupeza ndalama zambiri ndikukhala ndi chuma chochulukirapo, makampaniwo akuyenera kukula.

Kuyambira pa nyama yankhumba kupita kumapenshoni ocheperako

Kuti penshoni ikhale ndi Schnitzel yodula kwambiri, mapenshoni awo ayenera kukwera. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri amapuma pantchito, omwe amakhala achikulire, amagwirizana. Popanda kukula kwachuma, penshoni posachedwa imakhala yokwanira msuzi wa frittate. "Popanda kukula kwachuma, maubwino amtundu sangakwere mu chuma," akutero Schneider. Ngakhale boma lingawombere (zomwe limachita kale pafupifupi peresenti), koma lopanda malire.

Zero kukula

Chuma cha Austria chikuwonetsa kuti chaka chino chidzakula ndi 1,5 peresenti, monganso chaka chatha. Palibe chomwe chimapangitsa euphoria, komanso palibe amene angalire, chifukwa 2013 GDP sinakulire konse. Kungoganiza kuti zayimilira pang'onopang'ono, dongosolo lathu likhazikika bwanji? "Nthawi yayitali ya nyumba yamalamulo imodzi yaboma, yomwe ikufanana ndi bizinesi," Schneider akuti mosaganizira bwino.
Ndipo, zitatha zaka zisanu zakusunthika, zinthu zimangotsika pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, mantha pakati pa ogwira ntchito atsala pang'ono kutaya ntchito. Zotsatira zake: Anthu amawononga ndalama zochepa ndikusunga zochulukirapo. Ulendo wopita kunyumba yogona alendo umakhazikika. Kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono kumapangitsa gawo lalikulu pantchito, chifukwa chimangokhala magawo atatu a GDP. Izi zimachita ngati turbo pagululi loipa, zomwe zimatsogolera kuntchito kwambiri.
Imeneyo inali nkhani ya capitalism. Koma mwachiwonekerinso ndizosiyana.

Palibe batani loyimitsa lomwe likuwoneka

"Lekani kukanikiza pakadali pano sizotheka chifukwa makina athu adapangidwa kuti apange zatsopano komanso kukula," akutero a Julianna Fehlinger, olimbikitsa zothandizira komanso wakale wapampando wa bungwe la NGO's Attacity ". Mwa zina, bungwe lothandizirali padziko lonse lapansi limalimbikitsa chilungamo chachuma chambiri komanso sikuti likuyambitsa kukula kwakukulu. Komabe, munthu m'modzi sangathe kuyambitsa zero kukula, koma amayenera kudutsa m'malo onse nthawi imodzi: payekha, kampani, boma. Ngakhale chuma chimodzi sichingathawe kukula chifukwa kudalirana konse kumapangitsa mpikisano kukhala wadziko lonse. Kuti tisiye kukula ndiye kuti kukokera dziko lonse palimodzi. Enaake? Inde!
Koma lingaliro lazachuma chakutukuka pambuyo pake sizambiri ayi. Zimangotanthauza zachuma chopanda GDP, koma osapereka chuma. Kulimbikitsa kudzidalira kwawoko ndi mdera komanso kuchepetsa mabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi ndi zinthu zomwe zili pachinsinsi ichi.

Chitsanzo chachikulu chakukwanira kwachigawo ndi ulimi. Wogwira ntchito Fehlinger wakhala moyo wodziyesera yekha zaka ziwiri pafamu kuti adzionere yekha chakudya. Kumeneku, anthu okhala pafamuyo adagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha chuma cholimba: thumba wamba, ntchito iliyonse ndi yofunikira chimodzimodzi - kunja kwa munda kapena kunyumba kukhitchini. Mapeto ake: "Ulimi ndi wokongola, ngakhale pali ntchito yambiri kumbuyo kwake. Ngati anthu ambiri atakhala ndi minda, mafakitale ochepa athafunika. " Kukula m'gululi kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwachuma ndi chilengedwe chifukwa zimawononga ulimi waung'ono. Kupsinjika kwamtengo kumapangitsa kuti minda yaying'ono ikhale yovuta kupeza phindu.

Koma dziko sili mafamu chabe. "Muyenera kuganiza kunja kwa mtundu wamsika wautali m'malo onse," akutero Fehlinger. Chitsanzo ndi "mabizinesi odziyendetsa". Makampani opanda mabizinesiwa ndi a anthu omwe amawatsogolera mwa demokalase. Ndiye kuti, ogwira ntchito sayenera kulandira malipiro a oyang'anira, koma awo okha. Mwa zina, mtundu uwu unakwaniritsidwa pambuyo poti boma la Argentina lakhala likuwonongeka kuzungulira zaka chikwi. Komabe, ndikuchita bwino pang'ono, chifukwa machitidwe sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kumakampani onse. Koma tiyeni tipitirire motere ndi lingaliro lamabizinesi odziyang'anira.

Chuma chambiri

Ali pansi padenga la "chuma chokhazikika". Ndi lingaliro lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limaphatikizapo, pakati pazinthu zina, kuganiza kwamakhalidwe abwino ndi chilengedwe popanda kupanga zochuluka. "Chuma chachuma ndicholinga mu dongosolo lopanda kukula, chifukwa chuma cha msika chimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana," akutero Fehlinger. Chitsanzo: Ngakhale kukula kwa GDP, ndalama zenizeni sizinakwera ku Austria posachedwa. "Wogula wamba alibe chilichonse chophuka," akutsutsa Fehlinger. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa izi ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito za ganyu.
Pa chuma chogwirizana, kukula si leitmotif, koma zotheka. Komabe, zofuna za anthu ziyenera kusintha. M'malo mwagalimoto yothamanga, ndiye kufunikira kwakomwe kuyenda. Kutalikirana ndi zochitikazo mpaka kukhumba maphunziro ambiri, chikhalidwe ndi kutenga nawo mbali pandale.

Pakadali pano tili pagulu lazowopsa. "Makampani akuti amakhala ndi chidwi ndi zofunikira za anthu, ndipo amatulutsa kudzera pakudzitsatsa," atero Fehlinger. Mwanjira ina, makampani amachita lingaliro lazachuma chogwirizana. Zitsanzo zomwe zilipo ndi minda yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ulimi olimba. Zogawana zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ndalama zaulimi kwa alimi ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimatsimikizira kugula. Izi zimachotsa zochuluka. Nthawi yomweyo, olowa nawo amakhala ndi zoopsa pomwe, mwachitsanzo, matalala amawononga mbewu ya Fisole.

Kukula kobiriwira kudzera kukonzanso

Wotsutsa kukula, pulofesa wa WU komanso tcheyamani wa "Green Educational Workshop", Andreas Novy, ali ndi lingaliro lomveka bwino: "Kukula kumayambitsa kubera anthu ndi chilengedwe." Akufuna kukula kobiriwira, kukula kwokhazikika komanso "chitukuko cha moyo wabwino". Kutsogolo kupanga nyumba ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, nthawi yayifupi yogwirira ntchito komanso kukonza zopulumutsa pazinthu zam'mbuyomu zili kutsogolo. Choyambirira chachikulu ndicho kudzichepetsa kwa anthu m'malo mwadyera.
Digitalization ndi zochita zokha zimapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa maola ogwira ntchito, kutengera Novy. Izi zimasiya nthawi yochulukirapo yochitira zinthu zocheza, monga kusamalira okalamba komanso kukonza zida. "Sitikugwira ntchito," akuwonjezera. Ngakhale GDP sikakula, sizitanthauza kuti palibe malipiro akukwera. Ayi. "Kukonza makina ochapira kumawonongetsa ndalama, zomwe zimagwera kwa akatswiri odziwa ntchito," akufotokoza motero wachuma. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe makina atsopano omwe ayenera kupanga makina akukonzanso. Kuchuluka kwa makampani kumachepera. "Womweyo amakula, pomwe enawo akufinya," anasimba motero Novy.
Kukula kobiriwira kumatanthauza kutha kwatsopano ndi chitukuko popanda kudyerera. Novy adati: "Tekinoloje imakulitsa ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito chuma, mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa zinthu zochokera kumafakitiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcha." Zowonadi, izi sizigwira ntchito, mwachidziwikire, chifukwa ukadaulo umangokhoza kupereka. Novy akufuna bungwe latsopano lazachuma. "Tiyenera kunena zabwino pa mpikisanowu, chifukwa ndiye woyendetsa wamkulu kwambiri." Pakadali pano, kukula kumabweretsa mwayi wopitilira muyeso.
Njira yotulukirayi imakhala yovuta, chifukwa zida zamphamvu zimayenera kusweka. "Chifukwa chiyani VW, mwachitsanzo, sakonda kuyendetsa galimoto zamagetsi? Chifukwa kampaniyo ikadapeza ndalama zochepa, "akutero wotsutsa.

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