Jörg Hinners
Philip ali ndi zaka 30, mita imodzi makumi asanu ndi atatu, wamtundu weniweni wa minofu komanso wonyadira thupi lake. Kuphatikiza pa masewera komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, nyama yokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri yathandizanso kuti Philipp azitha kukhala wampikisano wachitsanzo. Loyamba la Januware ndiye kutembenuka kwathunthu. Wosadyeratu zanyama zilizonse!
Kuyambira tsiku limodzi mpaka lina. Nanga zidatani? Monga mtolankhani, makamaka pamtunda, malipoti ochokera kumafamu ndi malipoti akumbuyoku zaulimi ndi gawo la bizinesi yake ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma osati zonse zomwe amawona, amatha kuwonetsa owonera kanema. Magazi kwambiri, zithunzi zochokera m'makomo ophera nyama, zomwe zimakhazikika kwambiri, kulira kwa nyama zophedwa, zolemetsa kwambiri, nsomba zochokera pansi pa Nyanja ya North ndi Baltic. Koma zithunzizo zimatsalira pamutu. Kukoma. Chifukwa chokwanira kukhala vegan?
Simuyenera kupha
Lamulo lachisanu likugwira ntchito, okonda nyama zosakondera kuzinthu zonse zamoyo, osati kwa anthu okha. Ngakhale zinthu zomwe zikuwoneka kuti siziyenera kuphedwa, monga mazira ndi mkaka, sizimawonekeranso pazosamba zawo. Kuchita popanda zopangidwa ndi ziweto kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumadera ena monga zovala ndi zodzoladzola. Nsapato zopangidwa ndi zikopa ndizonyansa, ubweya umapewa ndipo zodzoladzola zomwe zayesedwa pa nyama kapena zomwe zimakhala ndi nyama zanyanyulidwa. Ndizokhazo zomwe ndizosadyeratu.
Mosakaikira, kukhala ndi moyo vegan sikuti kumangothandiza nyamazo, komanso dziko lathunthu. Kupondereza anthu, kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito nyama, dziko lathuli limatha kupuma zenizeni. Zosatheka kuyerekezera mabiliyoni a 65 mabiliyoni amapangidwa chaka chilichonse padziko lonse lapansi. Amafuna kutafuna ndi kupukusa ndi kupanga matani a methane, mpweya wowononga chilengedwe. Kutengedwa palimodzi, zonsezi zimatanthawuza kuti kulemera pamlengalenga wapadziko lapansi wa nyama ndi nsomba kumagwirira ntchito kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimachitika padziko lonse lapansi.
Ndizowona kuti kuwerengera kumasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wobiriwira womwe umatulutsa nyama yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kwa ena ndi 12,8, ena amabwera pa 18 kapena kuposa 40 peresenti.
Kukula mtima wofuna nyama
Mapapu adziko lapansi, Amazon, akanakhalanso ndi mwayi ngati kudyetsa ziweto kukanayimitsidwa. Koma zoweta zochulukirapo zimafunikira malo ambiri. Ku Brazil kokha, kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe pakati pa 1961 ndi 2011 zawonjezeka kuposa 200 miliyoni.
Chuma chikamakula, chidwi cha nyama chikukula: Zakudya za anthu a 1990 zinali matani miliyoni miliyoni a 150, 2003 kale mamiliyoni 250 mamiliyoni, ndi 2050 pafupifupi X mamiliyoni mamiliyoni a 450, zomwe zimadzetsa mavuto padzikoli. Chifukwa choti nkhuku mabiliyoni a 16, 1,5 mabiliyoni amphaka ndi nkhumba biliyoni imodzi, omwe ali padziko lathuli kwakanthawi kochepa kuti adye, amafunikira chakudya, chakudya chochuluka. Pakalipano, zoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mbewu zonse padziko lapansi zikudyetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa nyengo kukubweretsa chilala kumadera omwe kuno kuli ololera kwambiri ku US. Ngati anthu onse amadya nyama yambiri monga momwe ife aku Austrian ndi Ajeremani padziko lonse lapansi, tikanafunikira mapulaneti angapo pokhapokha podyetsa ndi malo odyetserako ziweto.
Vegan: Olemedwa kwambiri, komanso wathanzi
Kuchotsa ziweto zodzigulitsa kumachepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana monga nkhumba ndi BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy kapena matenda amisala yodwala) komanso kumachepetsa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya. Komanso matenda owononga a EHEC (enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, oyambitsa matenda amitsempha yamagazi) zaka ziwiri zapitazo ku Germany, komwe kumawononga anthu a 53 miyoyo yawo, pamapeto pake ndi chifukwa cha viehexkremente omwe adabwera ngati feteleza paminda. M'madera ambiri aku Germany, kuwonongeka kwa madzi apansi ndi nitrate kuli kale koopsa. Koma kuchulukitsa kwa minda ndi manyowa kukupitilirabe.
Kuchulukitsa nyama kumalumikizidwanso ndi kuwononga kwakukulu kwama kalori, mapuloteni ndi michere ina. Cholinga chake ndikuti nyamazo zimawotcha michere yawo yambiri. Kupanga kalori wa nyama pakadali pano kumawononga ndalama zoposa zitatu. Kuwonongeka kwamaso ndikuwonongeka kwa nyama ngakhale pomwe ambiri sakayikira kuti ingachitike; mwachitsanzo, pakupanga mazira. Ana achikazi okhaokha omwe amagoneka nkhuku ndi omwe amapanga mazira atsopano, osati abale awo. Alinso ndi minofu yochepa kwambiri yoti ikhale yosangalatsa pa malonda monga othandizira nyama kwa omwe akuweta. Chifukwa chake amasankhidwa ali amoyo, kapena kuti anakwiriridwa. Pa nkhuku iliyonse yogona ili pakadali m'bale wakufa. Ndipo ku Germany kokha kuli ma 36 mamiliyoni a nkhuku zakugona.
Mitundu ya nsomba zomwe zili pangozi
Zamoyo za Vegan zimabweretsa zambiri kwa okhalamo madzi: nyanja zam'madzi ndi nyanja zikadatha kupulumuka tikadaleka kubereka nyama. Matani mamiliyoni a 100 am'madzi amatengedwa kunyanja chaka chilichonse, moyenera komanso mwamphamvu, ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Mndandanda wazamoyo zomwe zawopsezedwa ndi wautali: Alaskan salmon, nsomba za kunyanja, halibut, lobster, cod, nsomba, mackerel, redfish, sardine, plaque ndi haddock, sole, buffalo, tuna, bass yamchere ndi walleye. Ndipo izi ndi zochokera pamndandanda wofiira. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse imatha kumirikiza kawiri kapena katatu kukula kwake pambale zathu, koma zimatulutsidwa m'madzi kale asanakhwime. Malinga ndi kuwerengera ndi pulogalamu yachilengedwe ya UN, 2050 idzakhala yomaliza kuyimitsa izi, chifukwa ndiye kuti palibe kuwedza komwe kungachitike. Sewerani, pokhapokha titha kudya, kapena kusinthira chakudya.
Pafupifupi EU tsopano yaganiza kuti kuyambira chaka chamawa mtsogolo, asodzi akuloledwa "kugwira" magawo asanu mwa asodzi akugwidwa. Chifukwa chake bweretsani zolengedwa za pamadzi pa sitimayo, sanafune ngakhale kupha. Itha kukhalabe mpaka 30 peresenti. Malinga ndi akatswiri, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyama imachira pakangodutsa zaka zochepa mukamalemba ntchito zausodzi. Zomera ndi nyama zam'nyanja zizipindulanso chifukwa nyanjazo sizinalimidwe pamadzi am'madzi ndipo zimawononga njira zopulumutsira chakudya, zomwe zikuthandizira nsomba zambiri.
Zotsatira za kutuluka kwambiri
Titha kuzitembenuza ndikutembenuka mozungulira momwe timafunira, kuweta nyama ndi maofesi akufakitale kudzawononga zonse zokhala ndi moyo ngati titangopitiliza kusintha kwa zaka 50 zapitazo. Koma kusintha kwathunthu kukhala vegan kumatanthauza kakafupi. Komabe, kutuluka kochokera ku dongosololi kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazachuma. Koposa zonse, makampani azilimi ndi nkhuku akukumana ndi kutha. Onyamula nyama, malo ophera nyama amayenera kutseka. Mu makampani opanga nyama okha ku Germany kokha, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chaka cha 2011, zoposa ntchito za 80.000 zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka cha 31,4 ma euro mabiliyoni zidatayika.
M'malo mwake, makampani opanga mankhwala amadzaza. M'dziko la vegan - popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nyama - chemistry ikhoza kukhala yofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe ilili masiku ano. Pomwe zikopa ndi ubweya sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, zikopa zachinyengo ndi microfibers zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa thonje silingalowe m'malo. Ndi chomera chadzuwa kwambiri chomwe chikukulirakulirabe komwe kumakhala madzi osowa kale, monga ku Egypt.
Otsutsa a vegan amatsutsa kuti chakudya chokhazikitsidwa ndi chomera chokha chiyenera kuteteza anthu ku zofooka. Pali chiwopsezo chotsimikizika cha vitamini B12 wofunikira. Popeza kuti vitamini iyi imatha kupezeka pafupifupi muzogulitsa zinyama zokha, mavitamini okhwima amayenera kuidya kudzera muzakudya zowonjezera.
Kurt Schmidinger wa Chakudya chamtsogolo Austria awonetsa mu phunzirolo momwe zingakhalire zosavuta kukonza. Zofunikira pa izi zingakhale kuti maboma ndi mafakitale akutenga nawo mbali. Zofanana ndi kuphatikiza mchere wokhala ndi ayodini, ndiye kuti mavitamini ndi michere omwe amapangidwa mwaukadaulo amathanso kuwonjezeredwa ku zakudya zina. Komabe, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti, mwachitsanzo, kupanga mafakitale a vitamini B12 kumachitika makamaka mothandizidwa ndi ma genorgan tizilombo osinthidwa. Sikuti aliyense angalandire izi.
Kumbali inayi, ikhoza kutulutsidwa kuchokera pakupindulitsa kwa munthu kuti azikhala ndi chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi michere awa. Zotsatira zake, anthu ambiri atha kusiya zanyama ndi kusinthira kumalo osungiramo nyama a vegan, omwe angalimbikitse makampani azakudya kuti apatsenso gulu lina lazinthu zambiri pagululo. Kuchuluka kowonjezereka komanso kupereka bwino kwa vegan kumabweretsa mitengo yotsika, yomwe imalimbikitsa kufunika. Nthawi yodzilimbitsa yokha. Nthawi zina, tonsefe tikadakhala vegan, zipatala zathu sizikhala zopanda kanthu, chifukwa matenda monga matenda amtima, matenda amtundu wa 2, mitundu ina ya khansa, mafupa, chifuwa chachikulu ndimatayala zikadakhala zochepa mwanjira iyi.
"Ngati malo ophera nyama anali ndi makoma agalasi, aliyense akanakhala wosadya nyama."
Paul McCartney
Dziko latsopano labwino
Koma timafika bwanji kumeneko? Kuletsedwa kwa boma kwa nyama zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito nkovuta. Kukula kwakukulu kwa malonda akudya, ndizochuluka kwambiri kuwopa kuchepa kwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, chiletso chikadapanga msika wakuda kwa nsomba, nyama, mazira ndi tchizi.
Zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo zimayamba ndi ana. "Chakudya chopatsa thanzi" ziyenera kukhala mutu wovomerezeka ndikuyenera kukhala ndi mtengo wofanana ndi masamu ndi sayansi. Paul McCartney adalemba mawu akuti, "Ngati malo ophera anali ndi zipupa zagalasi, onse akanakhala opanga ndiwo zamasamba." Poganizira izi, ana ayenera kutenga maulendo aku sukulu popita kumalo ophera, kumene, kungoganiza zamaganizidwe okha. Chifukwa pokhapokha ngati azindikira momwe nyama zimaphedwera, amatha kusankha ngati akufuna kudya nyama.
Matenda okhudzana ndi zakudya ndiwo amachititsa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono magawo awiri mwa atatu a anthu onse akufa kumadzulo. M'malo mwake, Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa Federal uyenera kuyamba kampeni yayikulu yotsatsa zakudya zamasamba. Mwanjira iyi, gawo lalikulu la ma euro opitilira biliyoni khumi ndi imodzi mumitengo yazaumoyo ku Austria atha kupulumutsidwa.
"Sindikuwona kuti ndikwabwino kuweruza anthu pazomwe amadya. 52 peresenti ya anthu ku Austria amayesa kuchepetsa kudya kwawo. Zachidziwikire, zimandisangalatsa chifukwa ndizabwino chilengedwe komanso nyama. "
Felix Hnat, Vegan Society Austria, pa njira ya Vegan
Aku West amatafuna zomwe dziko limadya
Kudya nyama kumakulirakulirabe. Osati ku Europe kapena North America, komwe imakhazikika pamlingo wokwezeka kwambiri, koma m'maiko omwe akutukuka, makamaka ku Asia, steaks ndi burgers ndi njira ya moyo yomwe imawoneka ngati yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Anthu amafunika kukakamizidwa kuti asinthe kadyedwe kake kudzera pamikangano ndi zitsanzo. Felix Hnat, wapampando wa Vegan Society Austria kuyesera kukhala amodzi. Amadalira machitidwe achimwemwe komanso zitsanzo zakale za moyo. "Kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ndimakonda kudya nyama kwambiri. Komanso, anzanga ambiri komanso achibale ambiri amadya nyama. Sindikhulupirira kuti ndi bwino kuweruza anthu pazomwe amadya. 52 peresenti ya anthu ku Austria amayesa kuchepetsa kudya kwawo. Zachidziwikire, zimandisangalatsa chifukwa ndizabwino chilengedwe komanso nyama. "
Mkhalidwe wachuma wa Vegan
Ndipo mabungwe ena akuluakulu akudumpha pa vegan ndi chikhalidwe chazinyama. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yogulitsa katundu ya Unilever idalengeza kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala kuti ikufunafuna njira zina za mazira a vegan. Kukula koyamba kuzindikira dzira kumafuna kuthandizira kampani yaku Britain-Dutch povomereza yokha. Ngati Unilever imatanthawuza, siziyenera kuyang'ana kutali njira zina zazitsamba ndi mazira a nkhuku. Ku Kufstein, MyEy ili ndi likulu lake, lomwe limapanga chinthu chomwe chimayenera kukhala chobwezeretsa zitsamba mazira a nkhuku. Chochita cha vegan makamaka chimakhala ndi wowuma chimanga, mbatata ndi mapuloteni a mtola, komanso ufa wa lupine. Imaperekedwa muzitini za 200 za gramu za 9,90 Euro. Bokosi liyenera kufanana ndi mazira a 24. Chifukwa chake, ufa wofanana ndiowo umakhala wokwera pang'ono kuposa masenti a 41 pa dzira lililonse - wokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito popanga mafakitale. Koma ndi malonda mamiliyoni a nkhukuzi akhoza kupulumutsidwa.
Kuyambira Juni, Starbucks wakhala akuseketsa nyama, makasitomala osadyedwa omwe ali ndi mwayi wapadera: chiabatta yokhazikika ndi kirimu wa avocado. Ndipo ngakhale a McDonald's azolowera mchitidwewu ndipo adatsegula malo awo odyera zamasamba ku Paris mu 2011. Ngati anthu ochulukirapo Kumadzulo akutembenukira ku njira zina zamasamba, izi tsiku lina zitha kupitanso kuzungulira dziko lapansi.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
