Elisabeth Oberzaucher
Kodi maziko obwerera kwakanthawi pakati pamagawo awiriwa ndi otani? Kodi tisankhe imodzi mwanjira ziwiri kapena njira yolimbikitsira ili pakati? Pa mibadwo, chikhalidwe ndi ukadaulo, miyambo ndi zatsopano zimakhala ngati otsutsa. Akatswiri azikhalidwe amayesa kuchepetsa zoopsa ndi njira yatsopano yodutsamo poyenda njira zoponderezedwa ndi omwe adachita kale bwino. Njira imeneyi ikulonjezanso malinga ngati zinthu zitha kukhala chimodzimodzi. Komabe, kusintha zinthu kumatha kupanga njira zomwe zayesedwa ndikuyesedwa zopanda ntchito.
Mavuto azanyengo amafunika kuganizira
Ndi vuto la nyengo, anthu onse akuyang'anizana ndi vuto lomwe lingathe kuthana ndi mayankho atsopano, kapena zovuta zoyipa zitha kupewedwa. Ngakhale anthu ambiri azindikira vutoli kwanthawi yayitali, palibe njira zozama zothetsera vutoli zomwe zidapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mavuto azanyengo amafunika kuganizira kwambiri ndi kusiya miyambo yomwe yakhudza gulu lathu nthawi ndi nthawi: zoyambirira zakukula, zomwe zikuyang'ana phindu lalifupi, kuyang'ana kwambiri zofunikira zakuthupi. Zonsezi ndizitsogozo zoyipa ngati tikufuna kupewa zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo kwa anthu.
Mwambo vs. Kubweretsa =unyamata vs. Mkazi wachikulire?
Zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti kusintha kwa nyengo kwa anthu kuli ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa ku dziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, yangoyamba kumene kusuntha. Ndondomeko zovuta za nyengo zikuyambitsidwa m'maiko ena, koma nkhaniyi idafikitsanso anthu onse. Chodabwitsa kwambiri cha zomwe zikuchitika ndizosadabwitsa Lachisanu Ltsogolo Kusuntha komwe kumabweretsa m'badwo m'mayendedwe andale zomwe sizimakhulupirira kuti ndizotheka. Achinyamata amapanga nyengo kukhala mutu wawo, amatenga mbadwo wachikulire pantchito yawo kuti asawononge dziko lapansi. Kutembenuza mphamvu zopangidwa ndi gululi kukhala njira zothandiza zomwe zingachepetse kusintha kwa nyengo tsopano ndiye chovuta chachikulu. Mosiyana ndi kukakamira pa intaneti, kuchita nawo kanthu kumakhala kopindulitsa palokha ndipo kumakupatsani malingaliro abwino omwe mwathandizira. Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuchitika pano kuti zitsimikizire kuti kukakamira sikumangokhala paokha, ndikulowetsa chikumbumtima cha munthu, ndikuti munthu amasangalala ndikakwera ndege paulendo woweruka ndi sabata chifukwa munthu amafulumira kuwonetsa asanakonzekere.
Gulu lililonse limayamba ndi chidziwitso, chomwe chimatsogolera pakuwazindikira. Akazindikira kuti pali vuto lomwe likufunika kuthana nalo, gawo lotsatira ndikulimbikitsa njira zothetsera mavuto zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira momwe zingathere. Ngakhale kuzindikira zavuto kumawoneka ngati kulipo, kufunitsitsa kuchitapo kanthu pamlingo uliwonse, kuyambira ndale mpaka kwa munthu ameneyo, ndikungokayikira. Zosintha zingapo zamaganizidwe zili ndi udindo woonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zikukhudzidwa sizikukhudzidwa kwambiri.
Amachita kamodzi
Otchedwa "Amachita kamodzi”Zimatengera kuti anthu amafunikira kuchita kanthu, koma izi zimakwaniritsidwa kale. Chifukwa chake, timagula chikumbumtima chowonekera posintha machitidwe m'dera limodzi, kumva kuti tapereka thandizo, ndipo tadzilungamitsa tokha kuti tipitilizabe kusunga chikhalidwe chowononga nyengo pazinthu zina.
Njira zomwe anthu opanga chisankho amafunsa, pawokha, sangathe kusintha zomwe zikuchitika pakusintha kwanyengo. M'malo mwake, vutoli limafuna njira yokwanira yophatikiza njira zingapo. Kuvuta kwa ntchitoyi kumabweretsa chotchinga china: Chifukwa njira zosavuta sizigwira ntchito pano, malingaliro athu amapanikizika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tisapange chisankho komanso zotsatira zopanda ntchito.
Ndale za Bunny
Kwa andale, kusiya kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zikuwonongeka ndikuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri: zovuta zomwe zingachitike pompopompo komanso kufunikira kwakanthawi kochulukitsa phindu ndi chiwopsezo cha munthu payekha zitha kuwononga chivomerezo. Zomwe zingatilimbikitse kusintha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa sichingakhale chisankho chanzeru, koma kumverera kwathu m'matumbo kumayamikiranso phindu lambiri kuposa phindu lomwe likuyembekezeredwa mtsogolo.
Chifukwa chake sikudzakhala kokwanira kungodalira machitidwe kuti abweretse kusintha kosatha. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa pakadali pano zimatha kugwedeza anthu ndikuwapangitsa kuti atulutse ntchito. Mutuwo uyenera kufotokozedwanso mwachidziwitso kuti chidziwitso cha anthu ofuna kudzipereka sichingagwire ntchito zodzikongoletsa.
Zitsanzo za biology - chowonera
Biology imadziwika ndi chisakanizo chakale komanso chatsopano. Kupyola cholowa, zoyesedwa ndi kuyesedwa zimapititsidwa ku m'badwo wotsatira, ndipo pamene china chatsimikizira chokha, chidziwitso chofananira chimapezeka m'badwo wotsatira chifukwa chakhala ndi phindu pakubala. Komabe, sitiri kuthana ndi kusuntha komweku chidziwitso apa: M'mitundu yonse, chikhalidwe cha chidziwitso cha majini chimasiyanitsidwa ndi magwero osiyanasiyana: Mosiyana, pali zolakwika pakukopera, i.e. zomwe tikudziwa ngati masinthidwe. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino kapena zoyipa kapena sizikhala ndi mphamvu pachitho. Kuphatikiza apo, zidziwitso zomwe zilipo zitha kutsegulidwa ndikuwongoletsa - njira zachilengedwe sizimasinthira zenizeni, koma zitha kutsogolera kusintha kwa chamoyo. Chifukwa chake ichi sichinthu chatsopano.
Gwero lachitatu lazomwe zimayambitsa chibadwa ndikusinthana kwa chidziwitso cha majini munjira yakubereka, i.e. kugonana. Kunena zowona, palibe chatsopano chomwe chimapangidwa pano, koma kuphatikiza kwa chidziwitso chosiyana ndi kwa makolo kumapangitsa kupanga kwatsopano, komwe kumasintha njira zachikhalidwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pali zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kubereka zonse zogonana komanso zogonana. Watsopano wa Darwin Antoinette Brown Blackwell adazindikira yankho ku zovuta zachilengedwe: Kugonana kumangoyambika pokhapokha ngati chilengedwe chitha kusintha kwambiri ndipo kungoyambira kumene kuli kofunikira kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, adamvetsetsa bwino kuposa Darwin momwe kuyanjana pakati pa chikhalidwe ndi nzeru zimagwirira ntchito biology. Ya Darwin zasokoneza ndi momwe amisili. Zatsopano sizikhala ndi malo oyenera m'malingaliro ake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake sanadziwe zoyenera kuchita ndi zogonana - pambuyo pake, kupatuka kuchokera ku mtundu wotsimikiziridwa kunatsutsana ndikuyamba kuganiza koyamba.
Mayankho osavuta alibe
M'mabwalo ambiri, kubwerera ku mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi geoengineering kumawoneka ngati njira yothetsera vuto la nyengo. Izi ndi zomwe zimachokera mu chikhalidwe chamalingaliro, ndipo zimalonjeza kuti titha kusiya vutoli kupita ku sayansi ndi ukadaulo. Kutchuka kwa zoyesayesa zaukadaulo izi kuti zisinthe nyengo pakulamulidwa ndi chifukwa chakuti kusintha kwamakhalidwe sikungakhale kopanda tanthauzo pokhazikika. Kudikira kumatsutsana ndi lingaliro la kukula ndipo sikuwoneka ngati phindu.
M'malo mwake, geoengineering tingayerekeze ndikulimbana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika ndi epinephrine. Zomwe zimayambitsa sizimakhudzidwa choncho zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito panjira yovuta kwambiri. Kulowerera kwakukulu kotereku kumakhalanso ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zomwe sitikudziwa mwanjira ya geoengineering.
Planet Earth ndi dongosolo lovuta lomwe limadziwika ndi zochitika zambiri, zina zomwe sizikudziwika, ndipo zina zomwe sizingatheke kulosera molondola chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Kulowererapo kulikonse m'dongosolo lamphamvu losokoneza bongo kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Njira zophunzitsira za geoengineering zitha kukonza zakwanuko, koma zimathandizira padziko lonse lapansi tsokalo.
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