Chokani mumafuta ndi gasi! Koma sulufule mumautenga kuti? | | Scientists4Future AT

ndi Martin Auer

Njira iliyonse imabweretsa mavuto atsopano. Kuti tithane ndi vuto la nyengo, tiyenera kusiya msanga kuwotcha malasha, mafuta ndi gasi. Koma mafuta ndi gasi amakhala ndi 1 mpaka 3 peresenti ya sulfure. Ndipo sulfure iyi ndiyofunika. Makamaka pakupanga feteleza wa phosphate komanso pochotsa zitsulo zofunika paukadaulo watsopano wobiriwira, kuchokera pamakina a photovoltaic kupita ku mabatire a magalimoto amagetsi. 

Pakali pano dziko limagwiritsa ntchito matani 246 miliyoni a sulfuric acid pachaka. Zoposa 80 peresenti ya sulfure yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse imachokera ku mafuta oyaka. Pakali pano sulfure ndi chinthu chotayira poyeretsa zinthu zakale kuti achepetse mpweya wa sulfure dioxide umene umayambitsa mvula ya asidi. Kuchotsa mafutawa kudzachepetsa kwambiri kupezeka kwa sulfure, pomwe kufunikira kudzawonjezeka. 

Mark Maslin ndi Pulofesa wa Earth System Science ku University College London. Phunziro lochitidwa motsogoleredwa ndi iye[1] wapeza kuti zotsalira za zinthu zakale zomwe zikufunika kuti zifikire ku net-zero chandamale zidzasowa mpaka matani 2040 miliyoni a sulfure pofika 320, kuposa momwe timagwiritsira ntchito chaka chilichonse lero. Izi zipangitsa kuti mtengo wa sulfuric acid ukhale wokwera. Mitengoyi ikhonza kutengeka mosavuta ndi mafakitale a “green” opindulitsa kwambiri kusiyana ndi opanga fetereza. Izi zikanapangitsa kuti feteleza azikwera mtengo komanso kuti chakudya chikhale chokwera mtengo. Olima ang'onoang'ono m'mayiko osauka makamaka angakwanitse kugula feteleza wocheperako ndipo zokolola zawo zikanachepa.

Sulfure imapezeka muzinthu zambiri, kuyambira matayala agalimoto kupita ku mapepala ndi zotsukira zovala. Koma ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndi makampani opanga mankhwala, kumene sulfuric acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphwanya zinthu zambiri. 

Kukula kofulumira kwa matekinoloje a carbon otsika monga mabatire apamwamba kwambiri, injini zamagalimoto opepuka kapena ma solar solar zidzatsogolera kuchulukitsa kwa migodi ya mchere, makamaka ores okhala ndi cobalt ndi faifi tambala. Kufuna kwa cobalt kungachuluke ndi 2 peresenti pofika 2050, nickel ndi 460 peresenti ndi neodymium ndi 99 peresenti. Zitsulo zonsezi masiku ano zimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito asidi wambiri wa sulfuric.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kusintha kwa madyedwe kudzawonjezeranso kufunikira kwa sulfuric acid kuchokera ku mafakitale a feteleza.

Ngakhale pali mchere wambiri wa sulphate, iron sulphides ndi elemental sulphur, kuphatikizapo miyala yamapiri, migodi iyenera kukulitsidwa kwambiri kuti iwachotse. Kutembenuza sulfates kukhala sulfure kumafuna mphamvu zambiri ndipo kumayambitsa mpweya wambiri wa CO2 ndi njira zamakono. Kuchotsa ndi kukonza mchere wa sulfure ndi sulfide kungakhale gwero la mpweya, nthaka ndi kuipitsa madzi, acidify pamwamba ndi pansi pa madzi, ndi kutulutsa poizoni monga arsenic, thallium ndi mercury. Ndipo migodi yambiri nthawi zonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto a ufulu wa anthu.

kubwezereranso zinthu zatsopano komanso zatsopano

Choncho magwero atsopano a sulfure omwe samachokera ku mafuta oyaka mafuta ayenera kupezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kufunikira kwa sulfure kuyenera kuchepetsedwa pobwezeretsanso komanso kudzera munjira zamafakitale zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito asidi wocheperako wa sulfure.

Kubweza phosphates m’madzi oipa ndi kuwapanga kukhala fetereza kungachepetse kufunika kogwiritsira ntchito sulfuric acid pokonza miyala ya phosphate. Izi zikanathandiza, kumbali ina, kusungitsa miyala yochepa ya phosphate ndipo, kumbali ina, kuchepetsa kuthira feteleza m’madzi. Kuphuka kwa ndere chifukwa cha kuthirira kwambiri kumabweretsa kusowa kwa mpweya, kulepheretsa nsomba ndi zomera. 

Kubwezeretsanso mabatire ambiri a lithiamu kungathandizenso kuthetsa vutoli. Kupanga mabatire ndi ma mota omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zochepa kwambiri kumachepetsanso kufunika kwa sulfuric acid.

Kusunga mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire, kudzera muukadaulo monga kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa kapena mphamvu yokoka kapena mphamvu ya kinetic ya ma flywheels ndi zina zatsopano, kungachepetse zonse zofunika za sulfuric acid ndi mafuta oyambira pansi ndikuyendetsa decarbonization. M'tsogolomu, mabakiteriya atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchotsa sulfure kuchokera ku sulfates.

Malamulo a dziko ndi mayiko ayeneranso kuganizira za kuchepa kwa sulfure m'tsogolomu pokonzekera decarbonisation, polimbikitsa kukonzanso ndi kupeza njira zina zomwe zimakhala ndi ndalama zotsika kwambiri za chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe.

Chithunzi choyambirira: Prasanta Kr Dutta pa Unsplash

Wolemba: Fabian Schipfer

[1]    Maslin, M., Van Heerde, L. & Day, S. (2022) Sulfur: Vuto lomwe lingakhalepo lomwe lingathe kulepheretsa ukadaulo wobiriwira ndikuwopseza chitetezo chazakudya pomwe dziko lapansi likuwononga. The Geographical Journal, 00, 1-8. Pa intaneti: https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geoj.12475

Kapena: https://theconversation.com/sulfuric-acid-the-next-resource-crisis-that-could-stifle-green-tech-and-threaten-food-security-186765