yankho
Makampani awiri aukadaulo wa biotech Corteva ndi Bayer apeza mazana ambiri ofunsira pazomera m'zaka zaposachedwa. Corteva wapereka ma Patent 1.430 - kuposa mabungwe ena aliwonse - pazomera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano. Zomangamanga zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi wopangidwa ndi GLOBAL 2000, Friends of the Earth Europe, Corporate Europe Observatory (CEO), ARCHE NOAH, IG Saatgut - gulu lachiwongola dzanja la ntchito zopanda mbewu za GMO komanso Vienna Chamber of Labor ikuwunika kusefukira kwa ma patent motsutsana ndi maziko a pakadali pano adakambilana za kuchotsedwa kwa malamulo a EU genetic engineering ndi Exceptions of New Genetic Engineering (NGT). "Kuchulukirachulukira kwa mapulogalamu a patent kuti awonjezere phindu la njira za NGT izi zikuwonetsa kusewera kawiri kwamakampani," atero olemba lipoti lofalitsidwa lero. "Makampani opanga mankhwala ndi mbewu amafuna njira yosavuta yopita ku msika wa EU kwa zomera zawo za NGT ndi mbewu za NGT ndipo motero amapeza ulamuliro waukulu pa alimi, kubzala mbewu ndi dongosolo lathu la chakudya."
Corteva ndi Bayer amawongolera bizinesi ya patent paulimi
Makampani a Biotech monga Corteva ndi Bayer amayamika njira zatsopano zopangira majini ngati njira 'zachilengedwe' zomwe sizingadziwike motero siziyenera kutetezedwa ku European Union ndi malamulo olembera zakudya zosinthidwa chibadwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, akukonzekeretsanso mapulogalamu ena a patent a NGT kuti ateteze luso lawo laukadaulo ndipo potero akulitsa mipata mu malamulo a patent.
Kupereka chilolezo pazaulimi waukadaulo ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa, yomwe ikukula. Corteva (yemwe kale anali Dow, DuPont ndi Pioneer) ndi Bayer (mwini wa Monsanto) akulamulira kale 40 peresenti za msika wambewu wapadziko lonse lapansi. Corteva wapereka pafupifupi ma patent a 1.430 pamitengo ya NGT padziko lonse lapansi, Bayer/Monsanto 119. Makampani onsewa adatsirizanso mapangano a laisensi ofika patali ndi mabungwe ofufuza omwe adapanga matekinoloje. Corteva samangoyang'anira malo ovomerezeka a zomera za NGT, komanso ndi kampani yoyamba yokhala ndi chomera cha NGT mu ndondomeko yovomerezeka ya EU. Ndi patent iyi zambiri, yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala enaake a herbicide, njira ya NGT CRISPR / Cas inagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndondomekoyi kuphatikizapo makina akale a chibadwa.
Patent pa Zomera ndi Katundu
Ma Patent atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku EU pazogulitsa ndi/kapena njira. Mabungwe a Biotech, mwachitsanzo, amafunsira ma patent omwe amawalola kutengera njira za uinjiniya wa majini ndi mawonekedwe enieni opangidwa ndi izi. Mwachitsanzo, Corteva ali ndi patent EP 2893023 ya njira yosinthira ma genome a selo (komanso kugwiritsa ntchito NGT application) ndipo amati ufulu wazinthu zama cell onse, mbewu ndi zomera zomwe zili ndi "zopangidwa" zomwezo, zikhale mu broccoli, chimanga, soya, mpunga, tirigu, thonje, balere kapena mpendadzuwa ("product-by-process claims"). Ndi genetic engineering, nkosatheka kudziwa ndendende zomwe zaperekedwa, chifukwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotakata dala kuti apeze 'chitetezo' chokulirapo. Makampani opanga mbewu akusokoneza mwadala kusiyana pakati pa kuswana kozolowereka, mutagenesis mwachisawawa ndi uinjiniya wakale ndi watsopano. Popeza zambiri zomwe zili mu ma patent sizikupezeka, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti ndi zomera ziti kapena makhalidwe omwe ali ndi patent. Oweta, alimi kapena olima akukumana ndi kukayikira kwakukulu kwalamulo pa zomwe angachite ndi mbewu zomwe amagwira nazo tsiku lililonse, ndalama zomwe ziyenera kulipiridwa komanso zomwe zingabweretse kukhoti. Monsanto, yomwe tsopano yaphatikizidwa ndi Bayer, idabweretsa milandu 1997 yakuphwanya patent kwa alimi ku United States pakati pa 2011 ndi 144.
Zofuna zaulimi wosiyanasiyana, wogwirizana ndi nyengo
Kukhazikika pamsika wambewu motsogozedwa ndi ma patent kupangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kocheperako. Komabe, vuto la nyengo likutikakamiza kuti tisinthe njira zakulima zolimbana ndi nyengo, zomwe zimafuna osati zochepa, koma zosiyana. Ma Patent amapatsa mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi kuwongolera mbewu ndi mbewu, kuchepetsa mwayi wopeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma genetic ndikuwopseza chitetezo cha chakudya.
“Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma patent pamitengo ndikuphwanya ufulu wapatent ndipo kuyika pachiwopsezo mwayi wopeza zofunikira paulimi ndi kupanga chakudya. Tikufuna kuti ming'alu ya malamulo a patent ku Europe pazasayansi yazachilengedwe ndi kawetedwe ka zomera atsekedwe mwachangu komanso kuti pakhazikitsidwe malamulo omveka bwino opatula kuswana kozolowereka kutha Katherine Dolan wochokera ku NOAH'S ARK. Obereketsa zomera amafunika kupeza zinthu zachibadwa kuti apange mbewu zokonda nyengo. Mlimi ufulu wa mbewu ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa.
“Kupanga chibadwa kwatsopano m’zaulimi kuyenera kupitiriza kuyendetsedwa motsatira mfundo yodzitetezera. Mbewu za NGT ziyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino, ndi a chizindikiro ndi kuwongolera chitetezo kuteteza thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe kuti ziwonetsetse kuti zikuwonekera komanso kutsata njira zonse zoperekera ogula ndi alimi. " Brigitte Reisenberger, mneneri wa GLOBAL 2000 genetic engineering.
Photo / Video: GLOBAL 2000 / Christopher Glanzl.
