Alexandra Binder
Clara Mayer akutsutsa VW. Wothandizira zanyengo (20) ndiwatali ndi yekhayo amene amachita bizinesi Ochimwa nyengo tsopano kukhoti zimabweretsa. Kodi kupita kwa woweruza wamkulu mwina m'malo mwa demo kapena zopempha mtsogolomo? Ndipo chotulukapo chabwino kwambiri cha njira yotere ndi chiyani?
"Sindinadzuke tsiku limodzi ndikumva ngati ndikusumira VW," Clara Mayer akufotokoza nthawi yomweyo. Koma tsopano izo ziyenera kutero. Ngakhale kuti amalankhula mokhudza mtima pamsonkhano wawo waukulu wapachaka ndi ziwonetsero zambiri, gulu la magalimoto limapangabe 95 peresenti ya injini zoyatsira mkati. Tsopano akufuna kumuvula chovala chokhalitsachi. Menyani pambali pake Greenpeace. Osati popanda chifukwa: "Zikunena za ufulu waufulu wa mibadwo yamtsogolo. Monga wachinyamata wolimbikitsa zanyengo, Clara atha kudzikakamiza yekha,” akutero woyambitsa kampeni Marion Tiemann.
Uwu ndi mlandu woyamba wotere ku Germany. Ku USA, mfundo yoti nzika zitenge nawo gawo mwachangu zakhala zikuphatikizidwa ndi njira zamalamulo. Pali kale milandu yopitilira 1.000 yanyengo kumeneko, ndipo mawu amodzi kwa iwo: milandu yanyengo. Ku Ulaya, milandu yotereyi yakhala ikudziwika kwa nthawi yochepa chifukwa yakhazikitsa malamulo a chilengedwe kwa nthawi yaitali, akutero loya Markus Gehring. Mlandu wa VW sikudabwitsa kwa katswiri wa zamalamulo a zachilengedwe Mphunzitsi wa ku yunivesite ya Cambridge amaphunzitsa. Amapanganso misonkhano ya Center of International Sustainable Development Law (CISDL) kuti asinthane malingaliro ndi akatswiri oteteza nyengo padziko lonse lapansi.
Vibe iyenera kukhala yolondola
Kuti mupambane, mumafunika chinthu chofunikira. "Mlandu uyenera kuwonetsa momwe anthu alili. Ndi iko komwe, ndi nkhani yokhutiritsa woweruza kuti afotokoze pang’onopang’ono ndondomeko ya malamulo yomwe ilipo,” akutero Gehring. Izi ndizomwe zikuchitika ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, osati chifukwa cha Lachisanu Ltsogolo-Kuyenda komanso kudziwa zambiri zatsopano. Chigwirizano cha anthu apa chinatenga pafupifupi zaka 15. Mwa njira, kuyembekezera malamulo si njira. "Makampani amayenera kuyimbidwa mlandu nyumba yamalamulo isanachite, pomwe ena mwa iwo amabisala."
Woweruza wamkulu sangalowe m’malo mwa phungu wa malamulo: “Koma akhoza kusonyeza mfundo zimene alephera.” Ndipo mwachiwonekere akuluakulu azamalamulo ku Ulaya akufuna kuchita zimenezo pakali pano. Iwo akukwaniritsa zolinga zanthawi yayitali za mgwirizano woteteza nyengo ku Paris mwatsatanetsatane. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti zilibe udindo uliwonse womanga. Kutchula zitsanzo ziŵiri zokha: Mwachitsanzo, ku England, Khoti Loona za Apilo linaletsa kufutukula kwa bwalo la ndege la Heathrow, kumene Nyumba ya Malamulo inavomereza. Koma ku Germany, khoti la Federal Constitutional Court linanena kuti boma liyenera kukonza malamulo oteteza nyengo. Ndiko kuti, kuteteza ufulu waufulu wa mibadwo yachichepere. Chotsatirachi ndi chigamulo chofunikira, komanso chokhudza milandu yachinsinsi, akutero Gehring: "Makhothi ambiri saganiziranso kusintha kwa nyengo ngati 'kuthamanganso'."
lamulo la logic
Mfundo yakuti ochimwa ochuluka a nyengo tsopano akutsutsidwa pakati pa makampani - posakhalitsa VW, BMW ndi Mercedes adalandiranso imodzi, ndi yatsopano, koma zotsatira zake zomveka. Kwa woimira NGO Tiemann pali chigamulo chokhazikika: motsutsana ndi Shell. Ku The Hague, kampani yamafuta, ndi Greenpeace, idayenera kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya wake wa CO2 pofika 2030 chaka chino. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pamilandu ya VW? “Ngati gululo likanasiya kugulitsa magalimoto okhala ndi injini zoyaka moto padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 2030 ndipo kupanga kwake kudzakhala kocheperako pofika nthawiyo.” Tiemann akuwonjezera kuti ngakhale mbali imodzi yokha ya zofunazo itakwaniritsidwa, mlanduwu ukhoza kuonedwa ngati wopambana: “Izi sizitanthauza kuti. kuti walephera. Monga lamulo, zimatengera milandu ingapo yomwe imamangana wina ndi mnzake kuti apange zigamulo zowopsa poyamba".
Loya Gehring akuyembekeza chigamulo cholengeza, monga momwe zilili ndi mlandu wa Shell. Ndipo izo zikutanthauza? "Gululi liyenera kufotokozera kupitirizabe kupanga injini zoyatsira mkati mkati mwa nyengo ya kusintha kwa nyengo. Ndikuona kale zimenezo kukhala zachipambano.” Apropos: Kupambana kwa milandu yoteroyo sikunakonzedweratu: “Ndi unyinji, oweruza samadziona kukhala okhoza kumvetsetsa kumasulira kopita patsogolo kwa oimba mlanduwo. Timangophunzira zambiri za milandu yomwe yapambana,” adatero loyayo.
Ndipo m'tsogolomu?
Kodi sitidzafunikanso kupita m'misewu m'tsogolomu? Kodi zimangotanthauza mlandu m'malo mwa pempho? Ayi, akutero Tiemann, zolinga zake ndi zosiyana: "Pempho lilibe mphamvu zovomerezeka, koma nditha kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti ndiwonetsetse kuti anthu ambiri ali kumbuyo kwa pempho langa. Zisonyezero zimathandiza kuti mutu ukhale wogwirizana ndi anthu poyambirira.” Ndipo loya Gehring? Iye anati: “Tadziwa kugwirizana pakati pa kayendetsedwe ka nzika ndi milandu kwa zaka 30. Tangoganizani zoyesayesa za nzika, zomwe kuchitapo kanthu pamilandu poyang'anizana ndi ntchito zowononga zachilengedwe monga zowotcha zinyalala si zachilendo.
Chatsopano, komabe, ndikuti m'tsogolomu makampani ambiri omwe amayambitsa mpweya wambiri wa CO2 adzayenera kuyankha momwe amachitira ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Ndani amene ali pamndandandawo? "Kumbali imodzi gawo la zoyendera, kutumiza, ndege, kumbali ina malo opangira mphamvu kwambiri omwe magalasi, simenti, zitsulo zimakonzedwa komanso ogulitsa mphamvu za anthu," anatero Gehring. Ndiyeno pali kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu mwa kusachitapo kanthu pa kusintha kwa nyengo, zomwe zingakhale maziko a milandu yambiri. "Uyenera kukhala wopanga, koma kutengera malamulo adziko nthawi zonse pamakhala zolumikizana zambiri. Makampani angachite bwino kukhazikitsa malingaliro osagwirizana ndi nyengo mwachangu. ” Nanga a Clara Mayer? Akunena mophweka kuti: "Mlandu uwu ndi sitepe ina chabe pachiwonetsero."
ZOYAMBIRA ZOCHITA
"Kulephera kuchepetsa"
Milandu imabwera pamene mayiko kapena makampani akulephera kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo. Pankhaniyi, mbali imodzi, nzika kapena mabungwe omwe siaboma amasumira maboma kuti akwaniritse chitetezo chowonjezereka cha nyengo. Netherlands ikupereka chitsanzo chopambana cha ichi: khoti lalikulu kumeneko linagamula mokomera chidandaulo chakuti kusakwanira kwa chitetezo cha nyengo kunaswa ufulu wa anthu. Kumbali ina, maboma kapena mabungwe omwe siaboma amasumira ma emitters akulu a CO2 kuti atetezere kwambiri nyengo kapena kulipiritsa chifukwa cholephera kuteteza nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa New York wazenga mlandu makampani amafuta a BP, Chevron, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil ndi Royal Dutch Shell chifukwa chonyalanyaza mwadala udindo wawo wokhudza kusintha kwanyengo komanso kuwononga mzindawu. Izi zikuphatikizaponso nkhani ya mlimi wa ku Peru, Saul Luciano Lliuya, yemwe akutsutsa wothandizira mphamvu RWE mothandizidwa ndi Greenpeace, yomwe panopa ikulandira chidwi chochuluka muzofalitsa.
"Kulephera Kusintha"
Izi zikuphatikiza milandu yokhudza mayiko kapena makampani osakonzekera mokwanira zoopsa zomwe sizingapeweke (zakuthupi) komanso kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi eni nyumba ku Ontario, Canada, omwe adasumira boma mu 2016 chifukwa chosawateteza mokwanira ku kusefukira kwa madzi.
"Kulephera Kuwulula"
Izi ndizokhudza makampani omwe sapereka chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza kusintha kwa nyengo ndi chiwopsezo cha kampaniyo, komanso kwa osunga ndalama. Izi zikuphatikiza milandu ya osunga ndalama motsutsana ndi makampani, komanso milandu yamakampani pawokha motsutsana ndi alangizi awo, monga mabungwe owerengera.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
