Sungani ulimi: ukhale wobiriwira

lolemba ndi Robert B. Fishman

Agriculture iyenera kukhala yokhazikika, yachilengedwe komanso yosamalira nyengo. Sizimalephera chifukwa cha ndalama, koma chifukwa cha chidwi cha olimbikitsa alendo komanso ndale zosakhazikika.

Kumapeto kwa Meyi, zokambirana pamalamulo wamba aku Europe (CAP) zidalephera. Chaka chilichonse European Union (EU) imathandizira ulimi ndi ma euro pafupifupi 60 biliyoni. Izi, pafupifupi 6,3 biliyoni amapita ku Germany chaka chilichonse. Nzika iliyonse ya EU imalipira mozungulira ma euro 114 pachaka izi. Pakati pa 70 ndi 80 peresenti ya ndalamazo zimapita mwachindunji kwa alimi. Malipiro amachokera kudera lomwe munda umalima. Zomwe alimi amachita mdziko muno zilibe kanthu. Zomwe zimatchedwa "Eco-Schemes" ndizo mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikukambirana pano. Izi ndi zopereka zomwe alimi akuyeneranso kulandira kuti ateteze nyengo ndi chilengedwe. Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Europe idafuna kusungitsa osachepera 30% yazithandizo zazaulimi za EU pa izi. Atumiki ambiri azaulimi akutsutsana nazo. Tikufuna ulimi wothandizira nyengo. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu mwa kotala la mpweya wowonjezera kutentha chifukwa cha ntchito zaulimi.

Ndalama zakunja

Chakudya chimakhala chotchipa ku Germany. Mitengo potuluka pamsika waukulu ikubisa gawo lalikulu la mtengo wa chakudya chathu. Tonsefe timalipira izi ndi misonkho, madzi ndi zinyalala komanso pamalipiro ena ambiri. Chifukwa chimodzi ndi ulimi wamba. Izi zimadzaza dothi ndi feteleza wamafuta ndi manyowa amadzi, zotsalira zomwe zimawononga mitsinje, nyanja ndi madzi apansi panthaka m'malo ambiri. Makina am'madzi amayenera kubowola mwakuya kuti apeze madzi akumwa abwino. Kuphatikizanso apo, pali zotsalira za poizoni mu chakudya, mphamvu zofunikira kupanga feteleza wokumba, zotsalira za maantibayotiki kuchokera kunenepa kwa nyama zomwe zimalowa m'madzi apansi ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimawononga anthu ndi chilengedwe. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nitrate kwamadzi apansi panthaka kokha kumawononga pafupifupi ma euro khumi biliyoni ku Germany chaka chilichonse.

Mtengo weniweni waulimi

UN World Food Organisation (FAO) imawonjezera ndalama zotsatila zaulimi wapadziko lonse pafupifupi madola 2,1 thililiyoni aku US. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala ndalama zotsatila madola pafupifupi 2,7 trilioni aku US, mwachitsanzo pochizira anthu omwe adziyika poizoni ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Asayansi aku Britain awerengera kafukufuku wawo "Mtengo Weniweni": Pa yuro iliyonse yomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito pogula m'sitolo, pakhoza kukhala ndalama zobisika zakunja kwa yuro ina.

Kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe komanso kufa kwa tizilombo ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ku Ulaya kokha, njuchi zimanyamula mungu wochotsa mtengo wa mayuro 65 biliyoni.

"Organic" ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa "wamba"

"Kafukufuku wa Sustainable Food Trust komanso kuwerengera kochitidwa ndi mabungwe ena akuwonetsa kuti zakudya zambiri zam'madzi ndizotsika mtengo kuposa momwe zimapangidwira mukamayang'ana mitengo yake," limalemba Federal Center for BZfE patsamba lake, mwachitsanzo.

Othandizira pakampani yodyetsa, komano, amati dziko lapansi silingakhutire ndi zokolola zaulimi. Izi sizolondola. Masiku ano, chakudya cha nyama kapena ng'ombe, nkhosa kapena nkhumba zimadya pafupifupi 70% ya nthaka yaulimi yapadziko lonse. Akadakhala kuti m'malo mwake amalima chakudya chodzala m'minda yoyenera izi, ndipo ngati anthu atataya chakudya chochepa (lero pafupifupi 1/3 ya zokolola zapadziko lonse lapansi), alimi olima akhoza kudyetsa anthu.

Vuto: Pakadali pano, palibe amene walipira alimi ndalama zowonjezerapo zomwe amapanga pazachilengedwe, zachilengedwe komanso madera awo. Ndizovuta kuwerengera izi mumauro ndi masenti. Palibe amene anganene ndendende momwe madzi oyera, mpweya wabwino ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi zilili zofunika. Regionalwert AG ku Freiburg adapereka njira yochitira izi ndi "zowerengera zaulimi" nthawi yophukira yapitayi. Pa fayilo ya Webusayiti  alimi amatha kulemba zidziwitso zawo zaulimi. Zizindikiro zazikulu za 130 kuchokera m'magulu asanu ndi awiri zalembedwa. Zotsatira zake, alimi amaphunzira kuchuluka kowonjezera komwe amapanga, mwachitsanzo pophunzitsa achinyamata, kupanga mizere ya tizirombo kapena kusunga chonde m'nthaka mwaulimi wosamalitsa.

Amapita njira zina Mgwirizano wapadziko lapansi

Amagula malo ndi minda kuchokera kwa mamembala ake, zomwe zimabwereketsa kwa alimi olima. Vuto: M'madera ambiri, malo olimapo tsopano ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kotero kuti minda yaying'ono komanso akatswiri achinyamata sangakwanitse. Koposa zonse, ulimi wamba umangopindulitsa m'minda yayikulu. Mu 1950 panali minda 1,6 miliyoni ku Germany. Mu 2018 padali pafupifupi 267.000. M'zaka khumi zokha zokha, mlimi aliyense wachitatu wamkaka wataya.

Zowalimbikitsa zolakwika

Alimi ambiri amalima minda yawo mosamala kwambiri, mozungulira zachilengedwe komanso mokomera nyengo ngati angapeze ndalama nayo. Komabe, ndi ma processor ochepa okha omwe amagula gawo lalikulu kwambiri lokolola lomwe, chifukwa chosowa njira zina, zitha kungopereka zogulitsa zawo kumaketoni akuluakulu: Edeka, Aldi, Lidl ndi Rewe ndiwo akulu kwambiri. Amalimbana ndi mpikisano wawo ndi mitengo yampikisano. Maunyolo ogulitsa amagulitsa kukakamiza kwamitengo kwa omwe amawagulitsa komanso kwa alimi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Epulo, ma dairies akuluakulu ku Westphalia adalipira alimi masenti 29,7 patsiku. Mlimi wina dzina lake Dennis Strothlüke ku Bielefeld anati: “Sitingathe kupanga zinthu zambirimbiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake adalumikizana ndi makampani azamalonda Msika wamlungu uliwonse olumikizidwa. M'madera ambiri aku Germany, ogula akugula intaneti mwachindunji kuchokera kwa alimi. Kampani yogulitsa katundu imapereka katunduyo pakhomo la kasitomala usiku wotsatira. Amagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi Wokonda msika . Apanso, ogula amalamula pa intaneti kuchokera kwa alimi mdera lawo. Izi zimapereka tsiku lokhazikika pamalo osinthira, pomwe makasitomala amanyamula katundu wawo. Ubwino wa alimi: Amapeza mitengo yokwera kwambiri popanda ogula kulipira kuposa momwe amalipira. Chifukwa alimi amangopanga ndikupereka zomwe adalamula kale, zochepa zimatayidwa.

Ndi andale okha omwe angathandizire pantchito yazaulimi yokhazikika: Ayenera kuchepetsa ndalama zawo kuchokera kwa okhometsa misonkho mpaka njira zaulimi zachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe. Monga bizinesi iliyonse, minda imapanga zomwe zimawalonjeza phindu lalikulu.