Kofi: Kungosangalatsa chabe

Kapu ya khofi monga gawo la miyambo yam'mawa ndi - malinga ndi kafukufuku - kwa anthu ambiri a 60 peresenti ya anthu kumayambiriro kwa tsiku latsopano. Kaya khofi wakufa kapena espresso amapeza mafunso ambiri achikhulupiriro. Komabe, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti kupatula mtundu wakakonzedweratu, kukolola, kuwotcha ndi madzi oyenera ndikofunikira, koma choyambirira ndi mitundu ndi mtundu wa nyemba. Kusankha kumakupanga Barista, katswiri wa khofi weniweni.

Malinga ndi malingaliro azomera, tchire la khofi ndi la banja la Rubiaceae, mtundu wa Coffea, ndipo limaphatikizapo mitundu 124 yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, Arabica ndi Robusta adziwonetsa okha ngati mitundu yofunikira kwambiri ya khofi. Arabica nthawi zambiri imawerengedwa kuti ndi khofi wapamwamba kwambiri. Poyerekeza, nyemba zanu zimakhala ndi tiyi kapena khofi wocheperako komanso asidi chlorogenic motero amamva kukoma. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nyemba za kumapiri, kulinso mayiko komwe amapezeka m'malo okwera. Komano, mtundu wa Robusta, umamera m'malo ozama kwambiri, ndipo umadziteteza ku nyama zolusa kwambiri mwa kupanga caffeine wochuluka. Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, pali mitundu ina yambiri yomwe imalimidwa kuti igulitsidwe ndipo ili yofunikira pazosowa zakomweko kapena zopatsa chidwi za okonda khofi, koma izi zimagwira ntchito yaying'ono pamsika wapadziko lonse.

"Uwu Satana ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri zingakhale zamanyazi kuti uchisiye kwa osakhulupirira."
Papa Clement VII

Mwachikhalidwe chimodzi chimalankhula za chisakanizo cha khofi ndi gawo la Robusta la (kum'mwera) kuphatikiza kwa Italy. Ku Italiya, makamaka kumwera, mitengo yotsika mtengo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika inaonjezeredwa ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma Arabica kuti ipange kununkhira kwawo ndikupanga mafuta abwino. Nyemba ya Robusta ndiyopatsa chidwi, yamphamvu kwambiri ndipo imatulutsa chikhulupiriro cholimba.

Zinthu monga kutentha, kugwa kwamvula, kuchuluka kwa dzuwa komanso kuchuluka kwa nthaka munyengo yokolola zimakhudzanso kukoma. Chifukwa chake, zokolola zaka zingapo m'gawo lomwelo zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu yambiri ya khofi

• Lib America - Mtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu uli m'mapiri a West Africa, komanso umalidwa ku Southeast Asia. Chomera chosagonjetsedwa kwambiri chomwe chili ndi zakudya zambiri za caffeine.

• Stenophylla - Amamera ku Ivory Coast, koma tsopano amalimidwa ku Ghana ndi Nigeria. Imasowa madzi pang'ono ndipo sisitumiza ku Europe.

• Excelsa - Kwenikweni mitundu ya nyemba za ku America. Amamera bwino panthaka youma. Omwe amapangidwa makamaka ku Chad ndipo amawerengera pafupifupi gawo limodzi la anthu omwe amapanga khofi padziko lonse lapansi.

• Maragogype - Ngati mungadutse nyemba za chomera cha Arabica ndi zina za coffa liberic, mudzapeza mitundu ya Maragogype. Izi zimadziwika ndi fungo labwino komanso zakudya zochepa za khofi. Malo akuluakulu olimapo ndi Nicaragua ndi Mexico.

Choyambira Chimodzi - kuyera kwa mitundu

Mawu a Chingerezi "Amodzi Yoyambira" amatanthauza komwe khofi limachokera. Kuti khofi apatsidwe mutuwu, nyemba zonse za khofi ziyenera kuchokera kudera lomwelo ndipo siziyenera kusakanikirana ndi mitundu ina ya khofi. Khofi imachokera kumalo, famu. Ndizofanana ndi vinyo wokhala ndi khofi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana: zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chake zimatchulidwa kwambiri ndikufanana ndendende ndi mtundu umodzi, pomwe "kuphatikiza" - ngati cuvée - "kunali".

Zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana zimatheka chifukwa chophatikiza. Kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosakanikirana ndi kusakaniza kwake, zonunkhira zatsopano zimabuka kangapo. Mkati mwake mumakhala chokoleti chakuda pamiyendo yokazinga mpaka zipatso zamitchi yamipatso.

Nthawi zambiri mitengo yamtengo wapataliyi imakhala yogulitsa, pomwe nyama inkatulutsa dzanja pamasewera. Chifukwa chake pali mtundu wina womwe wakumbidwa ndi kupukusidwa ndi mbalame zokhala ngati nkhuku (Jacu). Zofanananso ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi Kopi Luwak, yemwe amatha kupezeka mwa kutulutsa mitundu ya mphaka.

"Kwa ine ndiwokongola kwambiri mnyumba ya khofi. Simunapezeka kunyumba koma mulibe mpweya watsopano. "
Wophunzitsa Peter Altenberg

Khofi wa aliyense!

Mukadali pakati pa 19. M'zaka za zana la 19, khofi inali yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe aristocracy ndi bourgeoisie apamwamba angakwanitse. Masiku ano, nyemba zosiyanasiyanazi ndizothandiza kwa aliyense. Pakati pa 7,5 ndi 8 mamiliyoni mabiliyoni a khofi wowotchera omwe amamwetsedwa padziko lonse lapansi Austria imakhala yachiwiri pakati pa Finland ndi Norway malinga ndi vuto lililonse. Kuti tikwaniritse izi, ntchito yolima ndi kukonza tsopano yatukuka kwambiri.

Kukuwotcha kumachita

Makofi ambiri amtundu wawotchera amawotchera mpweya wowotchera kwa mphindi ziwiri kapena zisanu ku 600 mpaka 800 ° C. Kufikira hafu ya toni ya khofi imatha kukonzedwa mu machitidwe akuluakulu nthawi imodzi. Khofi wowotayo amadzapira ndi madzi. Nyemba zimatenga chinyezi china, kotero kuti kulowerera, mwachitsanzo kuchepa kwa khofi wobiriwira pokazinga, kuthana. Kwa omwe adayambitsa shopu ya khofi yomwe ili pa intaneti "Coffee Circle" (www.c coffeeecircle.com) zoterezi sizingachitike: "Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri kumatanthauza nyemba zochepa za khofi paundi imodzi ya khofi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zochepa. Njira yowotchera mpweya yotentha ndi njira yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi chuma. Ngakhale ma kofi akuluakulu ogulitsa ambiri amatha kugulitsidwa wotsika mtengo pamapeto pa tsikulo, amalawa zowawa ndipo sakukwaniritsidwa. "A Oliver Götz ndi a Christian Schrödl, omwe adayambitsa msuzi wowotcha khofi" Alt Wien "(www.altwien.at), amawotcha nyemba zawo za khofi pogwiritsa ntchito njira ina, yofatsa kwambiri: "Ndife, kutentha kwa pachimake cha ng'oma kuli pakati pa madigiri 200 ndi 220. Njira yowotchera imatenga mphindi 15 mpaka 25, kutengera mtundu wa khofi. Kenako khofi yomalizidwa iyenera kuzizilitsa mu sefa yozizira kwa mphindi khumi mpaka 15 ndikuyenda mosalekeza isanachotsedwe pamiyala ndi zonyansa zina mwa kuponya miyala. "

Kuwotcha ndiye chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri pokonzanso nyemba za khofi, ndipo kusintha kwachilengedwe kwamphamvu kumachitika. Ziphuphu ndi ma amino acid zikuphatikizidwanso komanso zamtengo wapatali za 1000 zimakonzanso. Katrin Engel wa Coffee Circle amadziwa kuti: "Ngakhale kuphatikiza khofi kumadalira mtundu ndi nthawi yomwe amawotcha. Zipatso za zipatso zankhanza zomwe zimapezeka mu khofi zimachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono panthawi yowotcha. Potengera kukazizira kwachidule kwambiri komanso kotentha kwa mafakitale, izi zimatsalabe m'ma nyemba za khofi ndipo zimabweretsa mkwiyo m'matumbo am'mimba. "

Kuwala kapena kwamdima?

Kukuwotcha koyenera ndikofunikira kuti chotsiriza chikho chikho. Oliver Götz: "Zowala kwambiri ndipo khofi wayamba kukhala wowawasa. Kwakuda kwambiri, ndipo akumva kuwawa, chifukwa minyewa yonse yosalimba yawonongeka. Njira yathu yowotchera igona pakati pa ziwonetsero ziwirizi: Tikuyesa kupeza tanthauzo lagolide pakati pa mtundu wowotcha pang'ono, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumpoto kwa Europe, Germany ndi USA ndikupanga kofi, acid wambiri, komanso mtundu wakum'mwera waku Italy, wozizira kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa zopweteka, zotentha zophera. Tikukhulupirira kuti ma khofi athu amatha kupanga bwino. Ndizovuta kuyika muma drawers, koma tikufuna amakonda Full City Roast. Chifukwa chake titha kupewa kusokoneza asidi mu khofi koma osawonongeratu zonunkhira. "

Kofi wa pang'onopang'ono amataya fungo lake. Pano pali kusiyana, monga khofi wa pansi wosachedwa kuwonongeka kuposa Siebträgerzubereitung pansi, komabe akukoka khofi, yomwe inali kale pansi, wotchiyo imathamanga kuposa nyemba. Chifukwa chake: musasunge khofi wapansi kwa sabata limodzi.

Espresso yabwino

Katswiri wina, Oliver Götz amadziwa bwino momwe amapangira espresso yabwino: "Zachidziwikire, kusankha kwa makina ndikofunikira. Koma chofunikira kwambiri ndi ukhondo pakukonzekera. Makinawo ayenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa malo komwe kumafikira khofi ndi boiler yoyenera ndi kupopera kwa pampu. Muyenera kungoyesa, makina aliwonse ndi osiyana. Makamaka kulumikizana ndi fyuluta yamadzi ndikofunikira, kuti madzi azikhala amchere nthawi zonse. Madzi ofewa kwambiri kapena ovuta kwambiri amawononga mafuta. Poganiza kuti tsopano mwagula nyemba za khofi zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kukoma kwanu, muyenera kuperera kaye. Zabwino kwambiri ikatsala pang'ono khofi. Mlingo wa kupera ndi wangwiro pamene makina a portafilter akufunika pakati pa 15 ndi masekondi a 25 kuti adzaze kapu yaying'ono ya kapu ya espresso mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, khofi imakhala ndi zonena zabwino komanso kukoma kosawoneka bwino komanso kosakoma kwambiri kapena kofinya kwambiri. Kuchokera pa chithunzi chachikulu khofi imayenera kuthamanga pakati pa masekondi a 20 ndi 40. "

Kugulitsa mwachilungamo & organic

Bio imayimira kulera khofi kwachilengedwe popanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo, herbicides kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Maofesi achilengedwe amayenera kusungidwa kukhala osiyana ndi amkhofi wamba panthawi yosungirako komanso yosungirako ndipo amayenera kukonzedwanso kosiyana. Kofi wamba siimakhudzana ndi khofi wamba, kuti mukazinga mabokosi onse pamakina omwewo muyenera kutsukidwa mosamala.

Ndikofunikira kwa katswiri wa khofi Oliver Götz kuti nyemba zake zigulitsidwe mwachilungamo. Iyenso adayendera madera ambiri olima, amadziwa momwe zinthu ziliri m'deralo ndipo akukhulupirira kuti: "Fairtrade ndi njira yothanirana ndi umphawi ndipo imapangitsa dziko lomwe mabanja ang'onoang'ono ndi ogwira ntchito m'minda akutukuka mdziko lapansi otukuka amakhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wabwino ndikukhala ndi tsogolo lawo. Ngakhale palibe chitsimikizo chomwe chingakhale cholondola peresenti ya 100, ndikuwona kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyika mphamvu zambiri poyesetsa kukwaniritsa zolinga za Bio ndi Fairtrade. "

Kukonzekera koyenera

Ndi malamulo ena oyambira, kuphika kwa khofi kumapangidwira mosavuta kunyumba. Gwiritsani ntchito khofi watsopano ngati nkotheka. Langizo: Khofi watsopano amatuluka mwachindunji kuchokera pa roaster kapena kuchokera ku intaneti. Kutsuka muli ziwiya zonse zomwe zimakumana ndi khofi: Khofi imasiya mafuta ndi mafuta. Izi madambidwe amakhudzidwa ndi mpweya ndipo amakhala wofatsa. Kukoma kumasinthidwa kusowa kuyeretsa pa chikho chotsatira cha khofi. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyenera: Kuuma kwamadzi kumasintha kukoma kwa khofi. Kosefa koyenera kwamadzi kumachepetsa kuuma kwa kaboni ya kabati ndikutchingira makina a khofi ku limescale. Zothandiza pakupanga khofi ndi madzi ndi pH ya 7,0 komanso kuuma konsekonse pafupifupi 8 ° d.

khofi wogwirizira

Ziphuphu, muzu wama chicory, monga mbewu monga chimera, barele kapena masipelo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khofi. Koma khofi weniweni sangasinthe m'malo mwake, baristas amavomereza padziko lonse lapansi.

Photo / Video: Roastery Alt Wien, Kofu wowotchera Alt Vienna, Circle ya Khofi.