Mphamvu ya carbon ya asilikali: 2% ya mpweya wapadziko lonse

ndi Martin Auer

Asilikali adziko lapansi akanakhala dziko, akadakhala ndi gawo lachinayi lalikulu la mpweya, lalikulu kuposa la Russia. Kafukufuku watsopano wa Stuart Parkinson (Scientists for Global Responsibility, SGR) ndi Linsey Cottrell (Conflict and Environment Observatory, CEOBS) wapeza kuti mwina 2% ya mpweya wa CO5,5 padziko lonse lapansi umabwera chifukwa cha magulu ankhondo padziko lapansi.1.

Zambiri zotulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwankhondo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwanira, zobisika m'magulu onse, kapena osasonkhanitsidwa konse. A Scientists for Future atha vuto ili zanenedwa kale. Pali mipata yambiri m'malipoti a mayiko malinga ndi UNFCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change. Izi, olemba kafukufukuyu amakhulupirira, ndi chifukwa chimodzi chomwe sayansi yanyengo imanyalanyaza izi. Mu lipoti laposachedwa la IPCC, lachisanu ndi chimodzi, thandizo la asitikali pakusintha kwanyengo sizikukhudzidwa.

Kuti awonetse kufunikira kwa vutoli, kafukufukuyu amagwiritsa ntchito deta yomwe ilipo kuchokera ku mayiko ochepa kuti awononge mpweya wochuluka wa asilikali. Chogwirizana ndi ichi ndi chiyembekezo choyambitsa maphunziro owonjezereka padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kuyesetsa kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa asilikali.

Kuti ndikupatseni lingaliro la momwe ofufuza kuchokera ku SGR ndi CEOBS adapeza zotsatira zawo, nayi ndondomeko yovuta ya njirayi. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kungapezeke apa apa.

Deta yocheperako ikupezeka pakutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ku US, UK ndi mayiko ena a EU. Zina mwa izo zinalengezedwa mwachindunji ndi akuluakulu ankhondo, ena kupyolera kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha wotsimikiza.

Ofufuzawo adatenga kuchuluka kwa asitikali omwe akugwira ntchito mdziko lililonse kapena dera lililonse ngati poyambira. Izi zimasonkhanitsidwa chaka chilichonse ndi International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS).

Ziwerengero zodalirika pazotulutsa zomwe sizimayima (i.e. kuchokera ku malo okhala, maofesi, malo opangira data, ndi zina zotero) pa munthu aliyense zimapezeka kuchokera ku USA, Great Britain ndi Germany. Ku Great Britain ndiko 5 t CO2e pachaka, ku Germany 5,1 t CO2e ndi ku USA 12,9 t CO2e. Popeza maiko atatuwa ali ndi udindo kale pa 45% ya ndalama zankhondo zapadziko lonse lapansi, ofufuzawo amawona izi ngati maziko otheka kuti atulutsidwe. Ziwerengerozi zikuphatikiza kukula kwa mafakitale, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotsalira pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso kuchuluka kwa malo ankhondo m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri yomwe imafuna mphamvu zambiri zotenthetsera kapena kuziziritsa. Zotsatira zaku USA zimawonedwanso ngati za Canada, Russia ndi Ukraine. 9 t CO2e pa munthu aliyense amaganiziridwa ku Asia ndi Oceania, komanso ku Middle East ndi North Africa. 5 t CO2e amaganiziridwa ku Europe ndi Latin America ndi 2,5 t CO2e pa munthu ndi chaka ku sub-Saharan Africa. Ziwerengerozi zimachulukitsidwa ndi chiwerengero cha asilikali ogwira ntchito m'dera lililonse.

Kwa maiko ena ofunikira munthu athanso kupeza chiwongolero cha mpweya woyima ndi mpweya wa m'manja, mwachitsanzo, mpweya wochokera ku ndege, zombo, sitima zapamadzi, magalimoto apamtunda ndi ndege. Mwachitsanzo, ku Germany mpweya wotulutsa m'manja umangokhala 70% yokha, pomwe ku UK utsi wotulutsa m'manja ndi 260% wa stationary. Kutulutsa kosasunthika kumatha kuchulukitsidwa ndi izi.

Chopereka chomaliza ndizomwe zimatulutsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zothandizira, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pakupanga katundu wankhondo, kuchokera ku zida kupita ku magalimoto kupita ku nyumba ndi yunifolomu. Pano, ochita kafukufuku adatha kudalira chidziwitso kuchokera ku makampani opanga zida zankhondo padziko lonse Thales ndi Fincantieri, mwachitsanzo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ziwerengero zazachuma zomwe zikuwonetsa chiŵerengero cha mpweya wogwira ntchito ndi mpweya wochokera kumagulu operekera madera osiyanasiyana. Ofufuzawo akuganiza kuti mpweya wochokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zankhondo ndi nthawi 5,8 kuposa momwe usilikali umatulutsa.

Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, izi zimapangitsa kuti asitikali azitha kuyenda bwino pakati pa matani 2 ndi 1.644 miliyoni a CO3.484e, kapena pakati pa 2% ndi 3,3% ya mpweya wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Ziwerengerozi sizikuphatikiza mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera kunkhondo monga moto, kuwonongeka kwa zomangamanga ndi zachilengedwe, kumanganso ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kwa opulumuka.

Ofufuzawa akugogomezera kuti zotulutsa zankhondo ndi zina mwazomwe boma lingakhudze mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zake zankhondo, komanso kudzera m'malamulo. Kuti izi zitheke, komabe, zotulutsa zankhondo ziyenera kuyezedwa kaye. CEOBS ili ndi a Ndondomeko yojambulira zotulutsa zankhondo pansi pa UNFCCC zinatheka .

Wolemba mutu: Martin Auer

1 Parkinson, Stuart; Cottrell; Linsey (2022): Kuyerekeza Kutulutsa kwa Gasi Wowonjezera Padziko Lonse la Asitikali. Lancaster, Mytholmroyd. https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/SGRCEOBS-Estimating_Global_MIlitary_GHG_Emissions_Nov22_rev.pdf