Helmut Melzer
Tsogolo limasankhidwa pamaso a m'maso: 4,6 zaka biliyoni zapitazo, dziko lapansi linapangidwa ndi mpweya ndi fumbi, m'zaka makumi angapo chabe tsoka lawolawo - ndi la iwo akukhala - lidzasindikizidwa. Ndipo, ndizomwe zimapangitsa, ngati vuto lachi Greek: ndi "munthu woganiza", yemwe amaganiza kuti ndi chisinthiko, akuwopseza Mayi Nature ndi kukhalapo kwawo. - Koma zisintha.
"Zokhudza dziko latsopano. Tili pachiwonetsero chobweretsa dziko lapansi munjira zosiyanasiyana, "Dirk Messner
Dziko lapansi lipulumutsidwa - Dirk Messner akhulupiriranso izi. Katswiri waku Germany wazachitukuko padziko lonse lapansi ndi m'modzi mwa anthu omwe amayang'ana mtsogolo molimba mtima ngakhale atakumana ndi zovuta zonse. Ndipo ndi nthumwi ya iwo omwe amatiwona pamphambano kulowa m'badwo watsopano. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yomwe mwina ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa achinyamata. "Zokhudza mawonekedwe atsopano. Titha kugwiritsa ntchito makina apadziko lapansi m'njira zosiyanasiyana, "atero a Messner, akuwonetsa kulowera - kumvetsetsa kwamalingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi ndi kuyenera kofunikira. Ndipo atha kutsimikizira izi: Ndi kafukufukuyu "Social Contract for a Great Transformation. Njira yachuma yadziko lonse lapansi ”, iye ndi omenyera anzawo adadzetsa chisangalalo padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuwonera kwatsopano
Dziko lapansi ndi diski ndipo lili pakatikati pa chilengedwe. - Zokumbukira zathu zonse zimadziwa bwino. Koma, kodi gulu lathu, lotsogozedwa ndi kuzindikira komanso kulingalira, limachotsa ubwana wawo? Kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wa Kafukufuku Wazikhalidwe Zadziko onetsetsani kusintha kwadziko lapansi latsopano. Mu zaka zapitazi za 30, deta yasonkhanitsidwa m'maiko a 97 kuzikhalidwe zonse ndi zigawo zonse padziko lapansi, zomwe pamodzi zimapanga oposa 88 peresenti ya anthu padziko lapansi. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa dziko: Anthu m'maiko onse apadziko lonse lapansi agwirizana kwambiri: Kusintha kwanyengo ndi vuto lalikulu, lozungulira chilengedwe (89,3 peresenti ya omwe akuyankhidwa m'maiko a 49, n = 62.684). M'mayiko ambiri, kufunikira kwa kuteteza zachilengedwe kumachulukanso kuposa kukula kwachuma ndi ntchito. Ndipo: 65,8 peresenti ya omwe anafunsidwa (n = 68.123) angalolere kupereka ndalama zawo ngati ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi uve.
Kusintha kwachete
Wasayansi wazandale ku US Ronald Inglehart imalankhula za "kusintha kwakachetechete" kuzinthu zachilengedwe ndi kukhazikika, mawonekedwe atsopano. Lingaliro lake la kusintha kwamalingaliro lidafotokozedwa mwachidule: Ngati mulingo winawake wachuma ungakwaniritsidwe, gulu lipatuka ku "zosowa zakuthupi" kulinga ku "zosowa zakuthupi". Mbiri ikuwoneka kuti ikutsimikizira izi. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, panali kufunafuna chitetezo chamthupi, kukhazikika kwachuma komanso bata. Kwa zaka makumi atatu, komabe, kufunikira kwa "zosowa zakuthupi" kwachuluka. Kudzizindikira, kutenga nawo mbali mdziko muno komanso ufulu wofotokozera komanso kulolerana kumabwera patsogolo ndipo tsopano kwafalikira. Momwemonso kukula kwa kukhazikika. Kuphatikiza pa malingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi, pali owalimbikitsa omwe akuwonjezera kuti nthawi yapadziko lapansi ya Holocene idzasinthidwa ndi Anthropocene. Chifukwa chotsimikizika: kutengera kwa anthu kwakhala kwanthawi yayitali kulamulira chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi. "Ngati mukufuna kuyang'ana kutukuka kwa nyanja m'zaka mazana ambiri, muyenera kuyang'ana momwe anthu amagwiritsidwira ntchito," akutero a Dirk Messner, ponena za mphamvu zamphamvu za anthu pazachilengedwe, zomwe zimafanana ndi "njira zosakonzekereratu zamagetsi". Ichi ndichifukwa chake timafunikira malamulo, malingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe amapatsa mphamvu zowonera zatsopano. "Monga ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe kapena malamulo apadziko lonse mdera lawo, tiyenera kukhala ndiudindo woyang'anira dziko lapansi ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo," katswiri wokhudzidwa akufunsa.
Kusintha kwakukulu kukubwera
Pali chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika kale: Izi zomwe zimatchedwa "kusinthika kwakukulu" sizitali. Ndi - pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana - zosatsutsika - kupatula kusintha kwamawonedwe adziko. Wotsimikizira wachuma wa US kale Michael Spence2050 izikhala ndi anthu pafupifupi mabiliyoni asanu ndi anayi padziko lapansi. Kusintha kwanyengo kukupitabe patsogolo. Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ndi omwe akutukuka kumene tsopano akupeza mayiko otukuka. Mtumiki: "Mphamvu zachuma ziyenera kusinthidwa. Tidzakumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Funso ndilakuti: Kodi tingawongolere pakulimbikitsa? Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti kusinthaku ndikotheka pachuma kwachuma komanso kuyanjanitsa anthu kwayamba kale. Chovuta chachikulu ndi nthawi yake ".
Njira zinayi zakutsogolo
Ndi madalaivala anayi omwe angayambitse kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa dziko lapansi. Vuto: atatu okha ndi omwe angathe kusinthika. Masomphenya - monga omwe adatsogolera kukhazikitsidwa kwa European Union - amachokera pazolinga ndi kulingalira. Tekinoloje ndi nzeru zatsopano zinabweretsa kusintha kwa IT. Woyendetsa wodziwa zambiri ndi kufufuza komwe kumafunikira chidziwitso pamavuto. Zinapangitsa kuti kumvetsetsa dzenje la ozone. Komabe, mavuto amayenera kuwonedwa ngati oyendetsa ofunikira kwambiri: Amayambitsa mavuto ndi zovuta zazikulu, sangasinthidwe ndipo angayambitse zolakwika. Messner akuti malonda oletsa kubwezera ngofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwachitukuko, chifukwa ngati nyengo ndi nthaka zisintha zomwe zadzetsa mavuto padziko lonse lapansi, izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zosasinthika.
Zoyenera kuchita?
Kufunikira tsogolo labwino ndikukhazikitsanso madera atatu makamaka: mphamvu, kutalikirana kwam'mizinda komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo. Kutembenuza kumafuta osapsa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuganiza. Ndipo, malinga ndi Dirk Messner: "Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa magetsi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kufunikira kwathunthu kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndikukhazikika. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusintha kuti magetsi akhale okwera mtengo. "Khalidwe logwiritsa ntchito anthu okhala mu mzindawo, koposa zonse zamphamvu zazikulu zomwe zikupezeka ku Asia, ndizofunikiranso pano. "Mzindawu uyenera kubwezerezedwanso," ndiwo mawu a Messner. Koma katswiriyu amakhalanso ndi chiyembekezo pamphamvu zamagetsi: Ndi gawo lapadziko lonse la 20 mpaka 30 peresenti yamphamvu zowonjezereka kulowa malo opumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kutembenuka kwamitengo kukhala mafuta okumba. Koma kutembenuka kuli ndi chikhulupiriro: US idalola Europe kuti izitsogolera pokonza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndipo amangofuna kukwera pa mtengo wokwera. Koma kaya kuchita upainiya pakusintha kwa mphamvu kungabweretse mapindu azachuma ku Europe sikungayankhidwe. Izi zikufotokoza kukayikira kwambiri.
Ndalama zoperekera ndalama
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndalama zosinthira pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo awiri a zinthu zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi zitha kuchepetsedwa. Monga gawo la kugwirizananso kwa Germany, pakati pa zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu peresenti ya GNP idasungidwa mu ex-GDR. Nthawi zina vuto lofunikira: madola abwino a biliyoni a 500 mabiliyoni - omwe ali pansi pa gawo limodzi la peresenti ya dziko lonse lapansi - amadzigulirabe chaka chilichonse pothandizidwa ndi mafuta oyambira.
Ndale za padziko lapansi zimakhala zovuta
Koma ndale zokhazokha, kusintha kosinthika kukukhala kovuta, monga misonkhano yamanyengo ikusonyezera. Ndale zapadziko lonse zasintha, mphamvu zikusintha mokomera zachuma zikuluzikulu monga China ndi India. Messenger: "Ngakhale mayiko otukuka akadatha kupanga njira zawo zokhazikitsira zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, kusintha kwamakono sikungathenso kuchitika pokhapokha. Zikhala zovuta: tidasokoneza, koma ena ayenera kulipira. "(Helmut Melzer)
Photo / Video: Yeko Photo Studio, Shutterstock.
