Tsarin kasuwanci mai dorewa

A cikin kwarin dorewa, rana ba koyaushe take haskakawa. Wadanda suka nuna girman kai da adon kansu da tsinkaye da kwalliya sun lamuran jini a bayan al'amuran. Kasuwanci mai dorewa yakan sanya 'yan kasuwa a gaban ƙofofin rufe, yana cizon su ko kan su har ma da yi musu ba'a. Amma da zarar injin din yana motsawa, damar da zata fito a matsayin gwarzo ya fi girma.

Dorewar tattalin arziki 

Binciken Babban Daraktan Gudanarwa na Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya tambayi shugabannin 1.000 a cikin kasashe na 103 game da ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya dangane da dorewa: Kashi 78 suna ganin dorewa a matsayin wata hanya ta haɓaka da zama sababbi, kuma kashi 79 sun yi imani za su iya kasuwanci mai dorewa zai sami gasa a masana'antar su a nan gaba. 93 bisa dari na masu ba da amsa sun kuma yi la’akari da batutuwan muhalli, abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewa da kuma jagorancin kamfanoni masu mahimmanci don mahimmanci ga makomar kasuwancin kamfanonin su. Koyaya, halin tattalin arzikin yanzu da rikice-rikice na yau da kullun suna hana manyan kamfanoni su hana dorewa a kasuwancin su

Ruhun majagaba bawai fikinik bane. A cikin ƙaramin ɗakin taron Michaela Trenz ta ɓoye abarba abarba kuma ta sake duba shekaru biyu da suka gabata. 2014 ta gano ɗanɗanar vegan a cikin wannan ƙasa rata a kasuwa kuma nan take saita fara aiki. "Masu kera kayan kwaskwarima na halitta ba za su taɓa gaya mani a matsayin mai siye ba, ko kayayyakinsu gabaɗayan abubuwan dabba ne," in ji 30 mai shekaru. Don haka Trenz ya fara binciken abubuwan masarufi na kayan kwaskwarima don rayuwa ta veganiyancin su ba tare da wata matsala ba. Sakamakon binciken ya ba ta mamaki. Misali, ta gano cewa cream sau da yawa yana dauke da lanolin dabba (mai kitse) daga mahimmin tushe a Yankin Gabas. Trenz ya ce "Babu wata ma'anar da ta baiyana game da kayan kwaskwarima ta halitta, samfura da yawa har ma suna ɗauke da abubuwan carcinogenic," in ji Trenz. Sannan ta kafa Vegalinda, kasuwancin wasiƙar kan layi ta yanar gizo don kayan kwalliyar kayan kwalliyar ɗabi'a na vegan. Babban silar siyar da ita ita ce madaidaicin sharuɗɗa yayin da aka ba da izinin samfurori a cikin kayansu. "Na baiwa kwastomomin tabbacin cewa dukkan kayayyakin sun kasance marasa cin nama ne, ba dabbobi ne kuma ba sinadarai masu cutarwa," in ji Trenz. Ba aiki mai sauƙi ba ne don kayan kwaskwarima, saboda gwajin dabbobi na wajaba ne ga kasuwar Sinawa. Kayan shafawa don talakawa za'a ci gaba da gwada shi akan dabbobi.
Trenz yana farawa ne da ƙananan masana'antun da ba su da dangantaka da manyan ƙungiyoyi. Tana tura tambayoyin zuwa ga masu samar da kayayyaki, don samar da ingantaccen su a kan kayan masarufi da wadatattun kayayyaki. "Da yawa ba su amsa kwata-kwata, wasu ma kawai", in ji Trenz daga matakan ta na farko a matsayin ɗan kasuwa. Koyaya, yanzu ta sami fahimtar inda buƙatarta zata iya haɗuwa da ƙauna kuma wanda ba shi da abin ɓoyewa.
A mafi yawan ɓangaren, an samo shi ne daga masana'antun a Austria da Jamus. Aikin bincike mai wahala ya biya. A yau Trenz yana da kusan 200 samfuran samfuran masana'antun 30 a cikin kewayon, galibi kayan shafawa da kulawa da fata.

Lalacewa dole ne

Trenz na son zama mai dorewa, amma a aikace a wasu lokuta dole ta zama mai makantar da ido. Idanu kan batun man zaitun, ba tare da abin da yawancin samfurin ba ya tafiya da shi. "Dole ne mai ya fito daga kyakkyawan yanayi, inda yanayin adalci yake gudana," ta saita kanta a matsayin matakin bakin ciki. Na biyu ido yana tura ta zuwa kayan adon filastik. Tana kara jin daɗin yin kayan kwalliyar a cikin dambe.
Mataki na farko na kamfanin da har yanzu ƙananan ƙarancin jigilar kaya suna sa sayayya da wahala. Imumarancin oda mai yawa daga masu samar da kayayyaki ba su dace da buƙatar abokin ciniki ba. Ma'ana: samfuran ajiya suna lalata ganyayyaki saboda gajeriyar rayuwar su kuma suna haifar da asarar tallace-tallace.

"Green Spinner" daga Waldviertel

Sonnentor shugaba Johannes Gutmann, wanda a yau yana da ma'aikatan 250 kuma suna sayar da kayan haɗin ganye, teas da kofi daga wurin a cikin Waldviertel zuwa Jamus, yana tunani a cikin manyan girma. Amma shi ma, ya fara karami, kamar yadda yake tunawa: "Kusan shekaru 30 da suka gabata, an bayyana ni a matsayin mai launin kore a yankin."
A wancan lokacin, har yanzu kwayoyin halitta wani abu ne na gaske kuma Gutmann ya ci gaba da kokarin shawo kan manoma na karkara don canzawa zuwa aikin gona. Domin yana buƙatar kayan abinci na ganyayyaki don kayan abinci na ganye. Ya cije haƙoransa kuma a ƙarshe ya sami duka. "Ni ne babban matsalar duk wani kuskure da manomi da kansa ya aikata. Bayan haka, nan da nan na dakatar da nuna halin ko in kula, ”in ji Gutmann. Da kaɗan, gonaki sun yi tsalle a kan jirgin ƙasa kuma kasuwancin ya jawo hankali. Neman ganyayyakin da ba na halitta ba zaɓi ne na Gutmann, koda kuwa sun biya rabin abin da suke siya.
Gutmann yana da ra'ayi wanda ba a saba dashi ba game da gudanar da mulkin kamfanoni. Ba shi da farko-tushen sa-ido, amma "gama gari mai kyau-tattalin arziki". Menene ma'anar hakan? "Valueara darajar shine godiya ga ma'aikata", don haka amsar sa mai ban sha'awa. Amma a baya shi ne tsabar kuɗi. Musamman ma, kusan Euro 200.000 ne, Gutmann yana cin kuɗi mai kyau duk shekara. Rabin wannan ya shiga cikin abincin yau da kullun na ma'aikata a cikin kamfani. Xarin 50.000 a cikin rahoton amfani da jama'a. Ragowar ya shiga wasu fa'idodin zamantakewa na ma'aikata.
Kuma ta yaya kamfani zai iya biyan wannan? Gutmann ya ce "Tunda da karamin abu guda babu wanda yake da hannu a cikin Sonnentor, ba sai na biya duk wani sakamako ba," Ya bar riba a cikin kamfanin, ba shi da kuɗi kaɗan a cikin injina don keɓaɓɓu amma a maimakon ƙarin ma'aikata. "Tare da tattalin arziki don amfanin kowa, na fi samun riba a cikin dogon lokaci, saboda zan dawo da jarin da na saka wa mutane a nan gaba," in ji Gutmann. Alamar farko ita ce ƙaramar ma'aikaci. Kusan bai wuce kashi bakwai cikin ɗari ba, yayin da matsakaiciyar Austriya a cikin kaso 13 cikin ɗari. Rashin amfani da man dabino a cikin samfuran Sonnentor shima yana buƙatar ƙarin farashi. Sonnentor ya sayi kukis marasa mai na dabino kuma ya biya ƙarin anin 30 a kowane kunshin.

"Ba mu ganin samarwa a Turai a matsayin kasada ce, duk kuwa da cewa hakan yana ba mu ƙananan riba da ƙasa da riba."
Bernadette Emsenhuber, kerar takalmin Yi Tunani

Alamar ingancin rubutu

Fata don ƙirƙirar takalmin yawanci ana tanda shi da gishiri mai guba na chrome. Gaskiya yadda sharan gona ke cutar da jikin mutum a bayyane yake. Babban masana'antar takalmin Austrian Ka yi tunanin sarrafa zomo daban. Nan ne ake fahimtar "kyawawan takalmin" ma'anar amfani da kayan ƙarancin ɓoyewa a cikin samarwa. A aikace wannan yana nufin: Magungunan ganye na maye gurbin gubar chromium mai guba a cikin tanning. Koyaya, wannan baya aiki ga kowane nau'in fata, saboda haka kuna iyakance kanku galibi ga fata na ciki, wanda ke zuwa hulɗar kai tsaye da fata.
Banda kuma a lokaci guda hoton kamfanin Kamfanin Yi tunanin samfurin takalmi ne "Chilli-Schnürer", wanda aka yi da fata mai launin chrome-tanned. Don wannan, sun nemi Ecolabel na Austrian kuma sun samo shi a matsayin masana'antar takalmin farko. Amma har ya kasance akwai gauntlet. Sakamakon tsananin gwajin da Ma'aikatar Muhalli yakamata kuyi akai-akai don sauyawa abubuwan da ke cikin gurbatawa daga kayan. "Misali, matakan gurɓataccen gurbi sun yi yawa a gwajin ƙonawa," in ji Bernadette Emsenhuber, shugaban kasuwancin e-commerci da dorewar tunani.
A halin yanzu, kamfanin ya karɓi alam ɗin don sauran samfura guda biyar, waɗanda sun haɗa da ƙoƙari mai yawa. Emsenhuber ya ce: "An dauki rabin shekara a kan kowane samfurin. Tasirin farashin kuɗi yana da banbanci, saboda tsarin tabbatarwa, gami da farashin ma'aikata da kuma hanyoyin gwaji, suna da tasirin kusan 10.000 Yuro a kowace ƙira. Saboda gwaje-gwaje suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, takalmin yanzu yanzu baya cikin tarin na yau da kullun, amma Ka yi tunanin samar da kayan adadi kaɗan. Effortarin ƙoƙari don tallafawa kiwon lafiya da muhalli. Haƙiƙar cewa Think yana keɓancewa kawai a cikin Turai yana biyan kuɗi. A cikin takalmin wasanni wanda aka yi a Asiya, farashin ma'aikata yana kimanin kashi goma sha biyu cikin ɗari na kuɗin masana'antu; a Tunani, suna a matakin 40. Emsenhuber ya ce "Ba mu ganin samar da kayayyaki a Turai a matsayin kasada ce, duk da cewa muna da ƙananan ribyoyi da ƙarancin riba," in ji Emsenhuber. Fa'idodin sun fi girman Nachproduktion wanda ba a haɗa shi da ƙananan hanyoyi da gajeren hanyoyin sufuri ba.

Maganar hana ruwa ta hanyar rayuwa

Kusan kusancin zuwa Neusiedlersee-Seewinkel National Park shine dalilin gonakin Esterhazy don canza 2002 zuwa aikin gona na dabi'un don haka kare wurare masu hankali. Mun kori masu kashe sako da takin zamani daga kadada na 1.600 na ƙasa mai sarrafa kansu. Ya tsallake zuwa cikin ruwan sanyi, saboda aikin noma da ke ci gaba yana fuskantar sabon kalubale. Madadin kirtan mai guba, yanzu gonar ta dogara da jujjuyawar amfanin gona Yankunan gona daban-daban, irin su alkama, ciyawar rana da masara a kai a kai suna canza filayen, don kada ƙasan ta fito. Koyaya, akwai shekaru bakwai kowane shekara biyu, wanda aka shuka tsire-tsire don hadi kuma babu yawan amfanin ƙasa. Matthias Grün, Manajan Daraktan kamfanonin Esterhazy ya ce "Ya bambanta da aikin al'ada, muna da kashi uku cikin ɗari na ƙasa da abin da muke samarwa." Samun alkama na hunturu a matsayin misali, wannan yana nufin ton uku na yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace hectare a cikin yanayin ƙwaƙwalwa, a kan ton shida zuwa goma sha ɗaya ta amfani da sinadarai. Saboda haka Green ya canza kasuwancin da karfi. Maimakon sayar da hatsi da kabewa kawai, yanzu Esterhazy yana sayar da burodi da mai iri. Ingantawa yana ƙara darajar da aka ƙara kuma yana rama ƙananan kayan amfanin gona.
Arancin ciwon kai yana shirya sakewar fesawa. "Muna cire ciyawa da injuna ta hanyar lalata," in ji Grün. Kodayake wannan yana haifar da ƙarin farashin aiki, amma idan aka kwatanta da weedkillers masu tsada, layin ƙasa ɗaya ne. Amma akwai takobi Damocles wanda aka rataye a kowane shinge. "Kwaro ya mamaye wata al'ada, kawai zamu iya kallo da fata don mu'ujiza," in ji Green. Esterhazy ta sanya kanta akan gaskiyar cewa babu wani fesa - har ma don aikin gona da aka sani - amfani. Bangaren shi ne viticulture, "a nan sai ya ci gaba a kan manyan filaye ba tare da."
Ko dai ganyen tsirrai, kayan kwalliya na kwalliya ko aikin gona ba tare da sunadarai ba, masu shirya fina-finai dole ne su dauki nauyin ninki biyu. A bangare guda, dole ne su ci gajiyar ribar rike hannun, a daya bangaren, suna yin hakan ne don amfanin al'umma da mahalli.

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