Jörg Hinners
Dangane da bincike na balaguro daga Researchungiyar Binciken Hutu da Balaguro, 2013 40 bisa dari na waɗanda suka amsa sun ce suna son hutu mai tsabta, yanayin yanayi. Shekarar da ta gabata, kashi 31 kawai. Hutun hutu na zamantakewar jama'a, watau yanayin aiki na adalci da girmamawa ga alƙalumman yankin, sunfi so mafi girma, kashi 46 mai alfahari.
Sha'awarmu na tafiya yana shafar duniya. Gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska da kuma amfani da albarkatu sun shiga tsakani na al'ada da na zamantakewa na kowane yanki na hutu. Ana tsammanin rabon yawon shakatawa a cikin dunkulalliyar CO2 ta duniya ya riga ya zama kashi 12 cikin wannan shekara. Don haka muna sannu a hankali amma tabbas mun lalata abin da muke nema da kyau: muhallin da ya dace da aiki tare da tsare-tsaren zamantakewa. Sabili da haka, hutunmu shima yana goyan bayan canjin yanayi.
Yanayin sanyin yanayi
Abin farin cikin shine, waɗanda suke sane suke son rayuwa kamar mai yuwuwar muhalli yadda zai yiwu a lokacin hutu zasu sami ƙarin tayin da ke ƙawata kansu da kalmomi kamar “dorewa”, “mai ladabi” ko “hutu na kore”. A wannan shekara akwai alamomi sama da 100 da takaddun shaida waɗanda aka yi niyya don yanke hanya ta cikin dajin da ake bayarwa na hutu. Amma ba duka suna da ma'ana daidai ba. Wasu kawai ana basu lasisin ƙarƙashin tsauraran matakai, yayin da wasu ke bayar da hayansu cikin sauki daga masu samarda kansu.Shi yasa "elungiyar Basel Tourism & Development Work Group" da Abokai na Yanayin Kasa da Kasa Vienna da sauran ƙungiyoyi 20 masu jagoranci masu ɗorewa na yawon shakatawa waɗanda aka zaba bisa ga ka'idojin ƙaddara. Baya ga Austrian Ecolabel don yawon shakatawa A Turai suna haɗuwa da "Blue Swallow" da hatimin "CSR". Hakanan bayar da dama a duk duniya "Duba Duniya"Kuma"Green Duniya"Tsarin dogaro.
Zamu iya kare yanayin ta hanyar zabar wakilinmu na balaguro. Zuwan da tashi har ma da matakin tsallakewa a inda ake hutu yana haifar da kusan kashi uku na dukkan kazamar iska, yayin da mazaunin kawai ke haifar da kashi 20. Jirgin sama na tsakanin ƙasa daga Turai zuwa Caribbean shi kaɗai ke haifar da ƙarin hayaƙin CO2 fiye da mutum ɗaya zai iya tsammanin a cikin shekara guda daga ci gaba mai dorewa.
Rashin daidaituwa kawai za'a iya inganta shi ta wani dogon jinkiri. Duk wanda ya tashi nesa da kilomita 2.000 ya kamata ya kasance aƙalla makwanni huɗu baya. Dole ne kawai ku iya wadatar da shi ... Thearancin gatanan birni sanannu ne ma marasa kyau ga yanayin, aƙalla a duk lokacin da kuka tashi a jirgin sama. Idan kuna son yanayin mu, zaku iya ɗaukar balaguron karshen mako ta bas ko jirgin ƙasa. Wataƙila za a kiyaye hanyar sufuri wanda ke cikin haɗarin haɗari na dakatarwa - jirgin jirgin daren. Saboda ƙarancin buƙata, kamfanoni da yawa na kamfanonin jirgin ƙasa na Turai suna share wannan tayin daga tsarin lokacin.
Yawon shakatawa mai dorewa yana buƙatar motsi "mai ladabi" a wurin shakatawa. "Alpine Lu'ulu'u", laima alama ce ta wuraren nishaɗin hutu na 29 a cikin ƙasashe shida, yana nuna ƙoƙarinsa a wannan yanki. Akwai kekuna E-kekuna da motocin lantarki a cikin garuruwan, akwai Segways da e-scooters. Abin takaici, an gayyaci baƙon ya damu da yanayin hutunsa kuma idan zai yiwu tafiya ta jirgin ƙasa. Ofisoshin yawon bude ido sun shirya sabis na ɗaukar mutum-ɗaya. Duk wanda har yanzu yake cin abinci na gida, yana sha'awar al'adun yanki da kuma motsa jiki ba tare da taimakon injunan konewa ba, to hakika mai ci ne mai hutu.
Saurin sauke nauyin tafiye-tafiye
Kamfanonin yawon bude ido sun san cewa su da kwastomominsu ba wai kawai suna bayar da gudunmawa ba ne ga canjin yanayi, har ila yau, dole ne su dauki sakamakonsa. Kasance cewa ba za a rufe murfin dusar ƙanƙara ba a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka masu zuwa a nan gaba ko kuma ruwa zai yi ƙaranci a wuraren hutun kudu. “Canjin yanayi na haifar da matsala ga manyan masu yawon bude ido: A bangare guda, sun fahimci cewa kare yanayi yana da matukar muhimmanci cikin dogon lokaci don kiyaye kayan su da nasarar tattalin arzikin su. A gefe guda, ingantaccen kariya daga yanayi yana nufin sake fasalin tsarin kasuwancin su na gargajiya. Fadada dabarun yankunan da ke da mahimman buƙatu musamman, kamar jiragen nesa ko gajeren hutu, bai kamata a tura su gaba cikin wannan hanyar ba. Saboda ƙuntatawar kasuwa da tunanin riba na ɗan gajeren lokaci, masu yanke shawara a cikin masana'antar har yanzu suna gujewa 'ainihin' matakan kariya ta yanayi. ”Andreas Zotz ya yanke wannan shawarar ne a cikin wani bincike a shekara ta 2009.
"Saboda matsin lamba daga kasuwa da tunanin cin gajiyar gajere, masu yanke shawara a masana'antar har yanzu suna kauracewa matakan 'kare' dumamar yanayi."
Andreas Zotz, Nazari "Dorewa a cikin Yawon Shaƙatawa"
TUI, tare da juyawa fiye da Euro biliyan 15 mafi girma masu tafiyar tafiye-tafiye a Turai, duk da haka ya kafa nasa "Gudanar da dorewa". Harald Zeiss ne ke jagorantar wannan yankin. Ya ce: "Duk da cewa ana samun raguwar gurbataccen iska sau-sau sau biyu ta hanyar inganta kullun yadda ya dace da karfin jirgin sama, babu makawa matatar iskar gas zai haifar da iska mai saukin yanayi. Wannan ya shafi zaman otal din da kuma canja wuri daga tashar jirgin sama zuwa otal da baya. A nan ma, an samar da ƙarin kwararar abubuwa. "
TUIfly yayi ƙoƙari ya kasance mai iyawa ta amfani da jirgin sama na zamani da kuma amfani da ƙarfin ƙarfi, wanda ba kawai ke kare yanayin ba, har ma da kamfanin kuɗi. Hakanan, Kungiyar tana bayar da kwanciyar hankali ta kunshin jirgin don tafiya hade da fatan cewa abokanta a kan hanyar zuwa filin jirgin sama barin motar. TUI har ma yana wuce mataki ɗaya gaba kuma yana rama balaguron kasuwanci na duk ma'aikatan TUI Jamus, waɗanda jirgin sama ke tafiya. Sakamakon haka, 40.000 Euro kuma za a saka hannun jari a shekara a cikin ayyukan kare yanayin yanayi na Myclimate. An kafa harsashin ginin a Switzerland kuma yana tsara ayyukan kariya game da yanayin a duniya.
Zama ko aiki na gari?
Kamfanin jirgin saman Austrian ya kuma sadaukar da kansa don kare yanayin. Amma da gaske basu da alama sun so tallata hakan. Wadanda kawai suke neman dogon bincike akan rukunin yanar gizo ne a karshe zasu sami wannan ambaton: "Muna goyon bayan shirin kare canjin Yanayi da Yanayi a kasar Austria. Tare da wannan, fasinjojinmu za su iya riga da kansu don biyan diyya ga hayakin CO2 ta jirgin su lokacin sayen tikiti. "Amma fasinjoji nawa ne ke amfani da wannan tayin? Andrea Stockinger, manajan aikin a canjin yanayi na Austaralia ya ce "kashi biyu zuwa uku ne kawai," ya yarda da cewa "Tendency yana tashi kadan".
Ba duk abokai na canjin yanayi suna farin ciki game da wannan hanyar biyan diyya ba. "Biyan biyan diyya don mil mil ne kawai mafita mafi kyau," in ji Dr. Christian Baumgartner, Manajan Darakta na International Naturefriends International. Wasu masu sukar lamuni har ma suna sukar biyan diyya na CO2 azaman yarjejeniyar biyan buƙata, saboda rama yana rage mitarwa amma ba zai iya rage haɓaka ba a cikin bayarwar CO2. Abinda yafi dacewa shine ba tare da tashiwar hutu gaba daya ba. Bayan duk wannan, tafiya ta iska zuwa hutu ba ta asali bane, amma kawai fure ce ta mawadata, fara daga 70 shekarun karni na karshe. Amma ba hakan ba sauki. Yawon shakatawa yana da muhimmin aiki na tattalin arziƙi a yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don rage mummunan sakamako na muhalli da kuma haɓaka halayen tattalin arziƙi na gari. Misali, a watan Janairu 2014, Babban Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana cewa yawon shakatawa mai nisa a Amurka ta Tsakiya ya zama injin kawar da talauci, "babban ginshikin hadewar yanki, injiniya don ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na yankin." Manyan kamfanonin zirga-zirga na iya inganta wannan. Ko dai ta hanyar wadataccen hutu na kyauta a waɗannan yankuna ko ayyukan haɓaka-shafin.
Ayyuka don yanayi da kare muhalli
Kyakkyawan misali na wannan shine aikin reforestation daga myclimate a cikin Nicaragua. A cikin gundumar San Juan de Limay, ƙananan holdersan ƙananan sun sake haɓaka fiye da kadada ta 2011 tun lokacin da 643, wanda ya dace da filayen kwallon kafa na 900. myclimate yana ganin darajar aikin yana da girma musamman ma yankin aikin shine ɗayan mahimman ruwan ruwa a cikin al'umma, fama da karancin ruwa da kuma ambaliyar ruwa na lokaci-lokaci. Yankin gandun daji yana aiki kamar soso. A lokacin damina, tana shan ruwa don haka ya rage ambaliyar ruwa; a lokacin rani yakan fitar da shi.
Har ila yau, aikin da aka sadaukar game da aikin muhalli yana rarraba murhun dafaffen kuzari mai ƙarfi tare da wuraren wuta, wanda ke rage matakan hayaki na gida, wanda yafi duk fa'idodi ga lafiyar mata.
Inganta yanayin rayuwa, adana asalin al'adu a cikin kasashen da ke karbar bakuncin, kare muhalli da sauyin yanayi, da kiyaye rabe-rabensu suma muhimman batutuwa ne ga kungiyar manyan yawon shakatawa ta Turai, Thomas Cook. Yawancin wuraren tafiye-tafiye na babban jami'in yawon shakatawa suna cikin yankuna masu bushewa. Tare tare da dorewar shirin Futouris, saboda haka Thomas Cook yana gabatar da aikin "Ruwa mai mahimmanci" a wannan shekara.
A matakin farko a lokacin bazara 2014, za a samar da cikakkun "sawun sawun ruwa" don otal-otal goma sha biyu Thomas Cook a tsibirin Girka na Rhodes. Wadannan "sawun sawun" ana nufin su bayyana damar ruwa da tsadar kudi. Baya ga amfani da ruwan "kai tsaye", amfani da "kai tsaye", wanda ke faruwa, alal misali, a cikin samar da abinci don otal a wasu sassan duniya, an kuma haɗa shi a cikin binciken. Sakamakon shine littafin sarrafa ruwa na duniya wanda aka shirya shi don jagora da makasudin tanadi ga duk otal-otal. A kashi na biyu na aikin, ana ba da shawarwari don takamaiman damar haɓakawa. Otal-otal waɗanda suke shirye don aiwatar da waɗannan za su sami horo na kula da ruwa ga ma'aikata da kayan aiki don wayar da kan baƙi. Dangane da taken, aikata alheri kuma ka yi magana a kai. Shin hakan shine yadda masu amfani suke farin ciki game da hutu mai ɗorewa?
Hutu: nauyin matafiyi
Kusan 20 bisa dari na matafiya zasu yarda su biya ƙarin don hutu mai dorewa. A kowane hali, a ka'idoji. A aikace, duk da haka, abubuwan da ke haifar rana, shakatawa da farashi sune mafi mahimmancin dalilai don zaɓar wurin hutu ko hanyar hutu. Uriya Steinweg, manajan daraktan kamfanin bayar da balaguro na Gebeco ya ce "Abokan ciniki ba a shirye suke su kashe karin kudi kan hutu masu dorewa ba," in ji Ury Steinweg, manajan daraktan kamfanin bayar da balaguro na Gebeco. Ko da yake, ya ga karin magana: "Da irin wannan tayin, abokin ciniki ya yanke shawara amma a kan abin da zai iya dorewa."
"Tare da irin wannan samarwa, abokin ciniki ya yanke shawara amma ga abin da zai iya dorewa."
Ury Steinweg, Gebeco
Amincewa zai taka muhimmiyar rawa. Masu sukar suna son yin magana game da aikin share fage lokacin da ayyukan tallan muhalli da aka tallata kansu suka ƙare da ƙarancin tasiri ko tasiri ga yanayin da muhalli. Wasu ayyukan girke-girke na fada cikin wannan rukunin a duk lokacin da aka sare bishiyoyin da aka dasa don samar da kayan daki. Da zarar an lalata lalacewa ba za a iya canzawa ta hanyar matakan diyya na CO2 ta wata hanya ba.
Canjin yanayi: Jirgin ruwa mai zunubi
Kyakkyawan ido ma ya dace da balaguro. Yawancin wadannan otal-otal masu iyo a cikin ruwa suna samar da makamashin su da mai mai yawa, samfurin sharar gida na masana'antar mai wanda ba kawai sulfurous sosai ba, amma har da carcinogenic kuma yana lalata kwayoyin. Wani zaɓi mai tsabta zai zama jiragen ruwa tare da gas mai mai, amma irin wannan haɓaka ba zai yiwu ba tare da tsoffin jiragen ruwa. Sabili da haka jirgi mai aiki da ruwa wanda aka saba dashi yana rushewa yayin da yawancin gurɓatattun iska a cikin tafiya ɗaya na teku kamar motoci miliyan biyar akan hanya mai daidaitawa. An lissafta wannan ta hanyar Naturschutzbund Deutschland - da wuya mu sami sauƙin sauyin yanayin mu. Idan har yanzu kuna sha'awar tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu nisa, zaku iya neman jiragen ruwa tare da aikin LPG ko kuma yin jigilar balaguron ruwanka na muhalli a cikin jirgin ruwa.
A karo na farko sama da biliyan biliyan na hutu na kasashen waje da aka lissafa ƙungiyar yawon shakatawa ta duniya 2012. Kuma nan gaba ma mutane da yawa zasu yi tafiya. Don haka bari muyi dan tunani kadan game da yanayi da kuma yanayi a shirin hutu na gaba. Bari mu sanar daku, saboda hutu mai dorewa yana yiwuwa kuma mai araha. Yin yawo a kan Danube. Ta hanyar keke zuwa ga Adriatic. Ko bugawa zuwa Indiya. Muna da shi a namu hannun.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock, MyClimate.
