Stefan Tesch
Gyada mai alkama, sauerkraut, cuku, salami da buttermilk. A cikin waɗannan abincin, ƙananan, mataimaka marasa ganuwa sunyi babban aiki don faranta mana rai. Zaɓin ƙwayoyin lactic acid da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na acid, yeasts da mold ba kawai suna sa yawancin abinci su zama dawwama ba, suna kuma inganta dandano.
Haɓaka abinci ta hanyar ferment shine ɗayan ɗaukacin ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Kiranta shine kiyaye rayuwa a duniyarmu. A takaice, babu rayuwa ba tare da kwayoyin halitta ba.
Bayan mutuwar dabbobi, mutane da tsire-tsire, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna fara lalata kwayoyin halitta. Hannun mutane suka amfanasu da kyau, suna ba da sabis kan wannan ka'idar a cikin shara na shara da kuma tsiro tsire-tsire.
Kuma ko a jikinmu, kwayoyin cuta da makamantansu na aiki ba dare ba rana. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, yana da mahimmanci a ci gaba da narkewar abinci da kuma yakar masu kutse a kan ƙwayoyin mucous. Domin bawai wadanda suke nufin mu da alheri ne kawai ba.
Ingancin ƙwayoyin cuta: ra'ayi daga Japan
Manufar 'bautar da' irin wannan mataimakan marasa ganuwa da kuma amfani dasu da ma'ana ba sabon abu bane. Amma shirye-shiryen da suka gabata koyaushe ana iyakance ga aikace-aikacen mutum. Cikakken, kusan duk duniya izuwa hadaddiyar ƙwayoyin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta sun kirkiro a karon farko a cikin shekaru 80 wasu kamfanonin Japan.
Ba zato ba tsammani, waɗannan sun gano haɓakar haɓakawa da warkar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin guna. Binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna cewa wasu cakuda abubuwan da kwayoyin suke fitarwa sun samar da kyakkyawan yanayin yanayi mai kyau a cikin kasar. A bangare guda, za su iya yin tasiri sosai ga ci gaban shuka, a daya bangaren kuma an kashe shi da kwayar cutar.
Orarin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin aiki
Irin wannan haɗuwa ta ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na 80 waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin yanayi. Abunda ake buƙata akwai ƙwayoyin lactic acid da ƙwayoyin cuta na photosynthesis har ma da yeasts. Daga wannan, aka samar da ra'ayi, wanda yanzu aka sani a ƙarƙashin sunan "Inganci Microorganisms" (EM). Yawancin masana'antun yau suna samar da samfura masu yawa na samfuran microorganism masu inganci iri daban-daban.
Tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta basa aiki kamar takin gargajiya ko magungunan kashe qwari, za a fahimce su a matsayin maɓallin fata. Shugaban kamfanin Lukas Hader ya kara da cewa "suna kokarin kula da muhalli a bangare daya domin yadda za a iya daukar sinadarin a lokacin da ya dace." Multikraft, Babban Jami'in Austrian na Inganci Microarancin orwararru.
A cikin noman 'ya'yan itace da arable, wannan yana nufin: "dabbobi masu fa'ida, kamar su filin iska, to suna iya yin aikin su da kyau". Kamar yadda yake tare da salami ko cuku, fermentation shima kyakkyawan tsari ne a cikin daji, yana fitar da abubuwa kamar amino acid ko bitamin. Batun shine cewa yana nufin karancin amfani da takin zamani da magungunan kashe qwari ga manomi.
Ingantattun Microarancin halittu: Aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace
Akwai samfurori na EM don aikace-aikace da yawa. Suna da mashahuri sosai a cikin kayan lambu da kayan lambu, a cikin aikin gona, amma kuma a cikin lambun masu zaman kansu, kamar yadda wakilan tsabtace muhalli da kuma ingantaccen kayan kwaskwarima na halitta - na ƙarshe kwatsam daga kamfanin cikin gida Multikraft ci gaba. A cikin wuraren waha, biotopes da gonakin kifi, orarancin ƙwayoyin cuta suna taimakawa haɓaka ingancin ruwa da rage narkewar ƙwayar cuta.
A cikin gida, ana amfani da orananan ƙwayoyin cuta, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, don saurin haɓar sharar gida da rage ƙanshi mara kyau a cikin kwantena na sharar gida. Bakan yana da girma sosai.
A ambaliyar ruwa a Tailandia 2011 Ingantaccen Shirye-shiryen Microorganism an yi amfani dashi don lalata gurbataccen ruwa. Hakanan akwai rahotanni daga mutanen da suka sha EM kuma don haka ana zargin rayuwa ta fi koshin lafiya.
A takaice, Ingancin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya zama sabuntawa, haɓaka mahimmancin abubuwa da kiwon lafiya da hana matakan lalata da cututtuka a duk inda ake amfani da su.
EM
Amma menene ingancin ƙwayoyin cuta? Microarancin ƙwayoyin cuta - wanda kuma ake kira EM - sune haɗuwa ta musamman na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke tallafawa hanyoyin da ke haifar da hana aiwatar da abubuwa masu lalacewa. Wannan haɓakar an inganta shi kimanin shekaru 30 da suka gabata akan Okinawa (Japan).
Mafi mahimmancin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin Microorganisms masu tasiri sune ƙwayoyin lactic acid, yeasts da ƙwayoyin cuta na hoto. Duk microorganisms ana tattara su akan wuri a cikin yanayi kuma ana bredi musamman - GMO-free.
Ana iya amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin duk ɓangarorin rayuwa waɗanda ke sarrafa kayan aikin haɓaka ko haɓaka su, misali a gida da lambun, a wuraren halittu da wuraren wanka, a cikin kiwon kifi, a cikin dabbobi (misali ɗan maruƙa) da aikin gona, a cikin rami na dabbobi, a cikin Tsirrai, ciyawa, wuraren sharar gida, tsabtataccen shara da gurɓataccen shara, masana'antu, da sauransu - ayyukan ingantattun ƙwayoyin cuta suna da yawa. Areasarin wuraren amfani sune kayan kwaskwarimar ɗabi'a, kayayyakin gida, da sauransu.
Narkatarwa "magani na mu'ujiza"
Ingantaccen orananan ganan ƙananan abubuwa har yanzu batun da ke haifar da rikici. Akwai masu goyan baya, amma a zahiri har ila yau masu sukar lamiri ne. Dalilan wannan sune - kamar yadda yake tare da sabbin abubuwa da yawa - cewa za a iya tabbatar da tasirin su ta hanyar kimiyya iyakantacce kuma har yanzu binciken da ake yi a wannan yanki ba shi da wata ma'ana. “Kayayyakin suna aiki baki daya. Ba za ku iya kallon sigogin mutum a keɓe ba, ”Hader ya nuna. “Ko da kuwa kyakkyawan tasirin a bayyane yake, har yanzu ba a sami tabbaci ɗari bisa ɗari ba.” Duk da cewa akwai karatun da yawa a yanzu, Ingantaccen orananan orananan areananan ƙwayoyi har yanzu suna a matsayin “wonderagaggen magani”. Kuma: Ya zuwa yanzu, ilimin kimiyya ya kasance kan 'ya'yan itace da noma. EM ana kallonta sosai ta hanyar binciken daga Switzerland - koda kuwa sakamako mai kyau gabaɗaya saboda ƙarancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta bai musanta ba. Amma Switzerland dole ne su haƙura da sukar da kansu: Ba su yarda da a dube su cikin ɗanyen bayanan su ba.
An sake gudanar da wani binciken da masanin ya kirkira a Jami'ar Albarkatun Kasa da Kimiyyar Rayuwa a Vienna.
A cikin gwajin filaye na shekaru uku a kan bishiyoyin apple, masanan sun gano cewa an rage yawan ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta. Hakanan, hadi da aka yayyafa su da EM EM sun nuna babban ɓangaren gangar jikin itace da fruitsa fruitsan itaciya. Andreas Spornberger, Farfesa na Boku na Tsarin Tsirrai da Faruitan ruitaruitan, kuma marubucin nazarin, ya ce, "oran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka ƙasa kuma suna taimakawa shuka ta wadata abubuwan gina jiki." Amma ya nuna, "Lokacin da ƙasar Gidan yana da koshin lafiya, to, zaku cimma nasara tare da EM kawai ƙananan tasirin sakamako. "Amma Xasa mai kyau na 100 bisa ɗari ba su da wata ma'ana a cikin yanayi.
Kammalallen binciken: microarancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun dace inda girma girma yake da amfani, kamar a cikin ɗakunan daji. Wani binciken da ya yi kama da kwatankwacin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da shi a kan alamu ya nuna ƙarancin girma da tsirar tsiro a farkon amfani da EM.
Ingantaccen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin gwajin
Don wasu watanni yanzu, Option-Redaktion yana gwada samfuran samfuran ƙwayoyin cuta - musamman wakilai masu tsabtatawa, kayan aikin gona da kayan kwalliyar halitta. Multikraft, Tabbas, waɗannan samfuran zalla ne kawai dangane da abokantakarsu da abokantakarsu da tasiri a kan gwajin kuma ba za a iya bincika su ta hanyar kimiyya ba. Amma abin da ke da mahimmanci shine tasirin.
Edungiyar edita zaɓi zaɓi ta musamman game da wakilan tsabtatawa kamar masu tsabtace taga. Ba su da ƙanƙanci da masu tsabta na al'ada. Kuma suna da cikakkiyar amincin muhalli.
Hakanan yana amfani da samfuran kayan kwaskwarima na halitta, wanda hakika, kamar kowane kayan kwaskwarima na halitta a aikace-aikacen su - kamar kumfa yana shafar - aiki daban. Nan ne inda hakori ya ci daga bioemsan yayi matukar birgewa.
Editocin suna kuma gwada ingantattun ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin gonar lambu - musamman game da kwaro da sarrafa cuta a kan tsirrai. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa ba, a nan ne don yakar harbi a kan ganyen cherry. A takaice, magani yana farawa, amma har yanzu lokacin lura bai cika takaitaccen rahoto ba.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
