Helmut Melzer
Canjin yanayi, yunwa, matsanancin talauci, rashawa, Donald Trump. - Jerin matsalolin duniya yayi tsawo. Kuma babu wani abin rufe ido. Amma da duk yare da bege, ƙarshen duniya ba kusa ba ne. Akasin haka, abubuwan (mafi yawan) abubuwanda ke tabbatar da cewa cigaban duniya cikakke ne. Bai taba zama mai fa'ida rayuwa a duniyarmu ba - aƙalla tunda mutane suna rayuwa a kai.
Af, Kasa mafi farin ciki ita ce Norway, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya himmatuwa game da Ci Gaban Samun Ci gaba mai nishi a rahotonta na Farin Ciki na Duniya. Shugaban Jeffrey Sachs kwanan nan ya gaya wa Indiya a Yau cewa za a iya bayyana sakamakon ta hanyar gaskiya cewa "kasashe masu farin ciki sune waɗanda ke da daidaitattun daidaito na wadatar arziki da zamantakewar zamantakewa, babban matakin amana da jama'a, ƙarancin rashin daidaito da amincewa da gwamnati. "Sauti sosai kamar kyakkyawan tunani, daidai ne?
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#1 Yawan girma
A cikin centuriesan shekarun da suka gabata, yawan jama’ar duniya sun ƙaru sosai zuwa sama da mutane biliyan bakwai. Tsakanin 1900 da 2000, karuwa ya ninka har sau uku fiye da duka tarihin mutane kafin - karuwar 1,5 zuwa X biliyan biliyan mutane a cikin shekaru 6,1 kawai. Amma ko a nan akwai ingantattun ci gaban da za a lura. Misali, matakin girma na shekara-shekara (jadawalin) na 100 kashi ya riga ya fadi zuwa kashi 2,1 (1,2). Hasashen annabta suna magana game da raguwa mai mahimmanci zuwa kashi 2015 bisa dari zuwa shekarar 0,1. Domin rabin karni na ƙarshe, muna rayuwa a cikin duniyar da yawan jama'a ke raguwa. Duk da wannan, yawan jama'a na 2100 yana raunana zuwa ga mutane biliyan Biyar na 2100 mai girma, bayan wannan raguwa a cikin adadin duniya yana da alama zai yiwu.
#2 tsawon rayuwar
Rayuwar rayuwa ta karu cikin sauri tun daga fadakarwa. A farkon 19. A ƙarni na 19, ya fara ƙaruwa a cikin ƙasashe masu masana'antu, yayin da ya ragu a sauran ƙasashe. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, rashin daidaituwa na duniya ya ragu. Tun daga shekara ta 1900, matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar duniya (mai hoto) ya ninka ninki biyu kuma yanzu yana tsaye a kusan shekaru 70.
Alamar kiwon lafiya shine tsawon rayuwa har zuwa shekaru. 1845 har yanzu yana da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci: tsammanin rayuwa ga jarirai ya kasance shekaru 40 da shekarun 70 shekara 79. A yau, wannan kewayon ya fi ƙanƙanta - daga 81 zuwa 86. Wannan saboda yiwuwar mutuwa a ƙarami ya ci gaba da raguwa. Daidaita rayuwa ya karu ga dukkan mutane.
#3 KYAUTA MAI KYAU
A cikin 1820, akwai kusan mutane biliyan Biyar na 1,1 a duniya, wanda sama da biliyan 1 ya rayu cikin matsanancin talauci (a karkashin dala 1.90 a rana). Tun kusan 1970, muna rayuwa a cikin duniyar da yawan waɗanda ba talaka ba ke ƙaruwa, yayin da adadin matalauta ke raguwa sosai. Mutane biliyan bilyan 1970 na 2,2 sun rayu cikin matsanancin talauci, 2015 har yanzu yana 705 miliyan, kusan kashi takwas na yawan mutanen duniya. Hasashen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yana nuna karin raguwa zuwa kusan kashi huɗu a cikin shekara ta 2030.
#4 Yunwar Duniya
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya "Yunwar Yunwar" tana ɗaukar adadin yawan mutanen da ke cin wadataccen adadin adadin kuzari waɗanda za a buƙata don biyan bukatun makamashi na rayuwa mai ƙarfi da lafiya. 'Yan bayanai kaɗan ne kawai kafin 1990. Koyaya, har ma anan, akwai ingantaccen cigaba. Dangane da sababbin bayanai daga Welthunderhilfe, mutane miliyan 795 a duniya (2015) suna fama da yunwa.
#5 RUWAN ZUCIYA
A cikin shekaru 200 na ƙarshe, an samu jinkirin hauhawar dimokiraɗiyya, da yawa sun dawo mulkin mallaka tun kafin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu. Daga 1945 lambar ta sake girma, har sai da kusan ta ninka tsakanin 1989 da 1992 kuma ta kai matakin mafi girma na dimokiradiyya na 2009 daga 89. Shafin yana nuna yawan jama'a bisa ga tsarin siyasa daban daban. Ra'ayoyin masu mahimmanci suna ɗauka cewa kashi 12,5 kawai na yawan mutanen duniya suna rayuwa a cikin cikakken mulkin demokraɗiyya.
#6 IYALI GLOBAL
An sami ci gaba mai yawa a cikin ilimi: Shin har yanzu 1800 har yanzu 88 kashi ba su iya karatu ba, wannan adadin 2014 ya faɗi zuwa kashi 15. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai sauran ƙasashe kusan kashi 30 tare da Najeriya, misali. Matsayin ilimi ya tashi sosai: jadawali yana nuna nau'in makarantar firamare daban-daban bisa ga cikakkun lambobi (raƙuman ruwa kuma suna nuna ci gaban yawan duniya) gami da haɓakar IIASA har zuwa shekarar 2100.
#7 Laifin ba ya ƙaruwa!
#8 Kuma duk da haka mafi yawan mutane suna tunanin duniya ta fara muni….
Wannan Zauren Al'umma ne ya kirkiresu. Shiga ciki ka tura sakon ka!
