Cututtuka daga cikin akwati

Ya yi kama da alama da zarar ya fitar da shi. Karamar motar da ke kan hanyarsa ta tsallaka kan iyaka daga Ostiriya zuwa Italiya a hankali ta ja zuwa gefen hanyar. Iska tana da sanyi, galibi galibi ne yake bayyana a watan Disamba a arewa maso gabashin yankin Friuli Venezia Giulia. "Ikon 'yan sanda, takardu don Allah." Yayin da kuke gabatowa, farar motar tana kama da kowane: maras kyau, kuma daidai wannan dalilin ya cancanci a duba shi sosai. Fasfo a hannu ɗaya, na gaba yana yawo a hankali da ƙofar bayan gidan. Lokacin buɗe ƙofar, 'yan sanda, waɗanda suke tsaye tare a cikin rukuni a gaban motar, suna da wari mai zafi. Dustaƙan ƙura mai gashin tsuntsu yana yawo a iska kuma ya ƙare yana hutawa a falon titi. Abin birgewa, babban ihu da ihu shine abu na farko da jami'an 'yan sanda suka ji. Tare da dumi mai dumi na ciki, tabbas tabbas yanzu ya haɗu: kun buga daidai. Koren kore, rawaya mai haske da karau mai shuɗi suna kallon jami'an 'yan sanda. Suna raira waƙa mai daɗi, dabbobin suna ƙoƙarin motsawa, amma ɗan ƙaramin fili a cikin keji da ƙyar ya basu damar juyawa. Rana ta hunturu tana haskakawa a bakinsu kusa. 

Canza wuri. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Francesco (* an canza suna) yana kan gado. Matsalar farko ta iska ta lalace cikin sauri. Babban zazzabi da gabobin da ke ciwo ba sa sauƙaƙa don jimre da matsalolin huhu. Cutar da ba a gano ba na iya haifar da mutuwa a cikin mutane, yanzu ya sani. Psittacosis shine sunan cutar da dan sandan kwastam din ya kamu da ita. Alamun kamuwa da mura sun fara wahalar da likitan da ke kula da shi don gano abin da garkuwar jikinsa ke fada da shi. Bayan abokan aikinsa sun kamu da rashin lafiya, gwajin jinin ya nuna abin da aka riga ake jin tsoro: ana kiran mai cutar Chlamydophila psittaci. Karo da marassa lafiya kimanin 3000 wadanda aka samo yayin safarar haramtacciyar dabba ta ƙarshe. 

Marie-Christin Rossmann, likitan dabbobi kuma shugabar sashen cututtukan cututtuka a Carinthia ta ce "Jami'an 'yan sanda sun sami cutar nimoniya mai tsanani a lokacin, kuma cutar ta shafi hanyar numfashi." Cinikin dabbobi na duniya shine sana'a. Cutar aku ita ce faduwar ƙarshe da ta fasa ganga a damunar shekarar 2015. A tsallaka iyaka a Travis, a cikin alwatika tsakanin Italia-Austriya da Slovenia a cikin Canal Valley, jami'an kwastan galibi suna gano fasfunan da ba su da cikakkiyar dokar kiyaye lafiyar dabbobi. Puan kwikwiyo, kyanwa, marassa lafiya, sun rabu da mahaifiyarsu da wuri. Dabbobi, dukansu zasu sami sabbin masu su idan aka siyar dasu daga motar. A wancan lokacin Austria da Italiya sun haɗu a matsayin abokan aikin, kuma a cikin 2017 sun kafa aikin Biocrime, wanda rimeungiyar EU ta ba da kuɗi. Rossmann, wanda shi ne shugaban aikin Interreg Bio-Crime na jihar Carinthia a Austria ya ce "Kashi 70 cikin 1000 na mutane ba su san mece ce zoonoses ba da kuma yadda suke da hadari ga mutane." Cututtuka masu kama da cutar aku ko kwaroronavirus ana iya daukar su daga dabbobi zuwa ga mutane kuma akasin haka, in ji ta. Jami'an kwastam suna cikin haɗari musamman lokacin safarar dabbobi idan sun bincika motocin safa ko motoci don abubuwan haram ko abubuwan tunawa. Amma iyayen da ke son ba wa 'ya'yansu dabbar layya suma suna ƙara cudanya da cututtukan. Tunda yanar gizo tana bunkasa don sayan dabbobi, a cewar masanin, musamman adadi mai yawa na mutane zasu fadi akan farashin. "Yuro 300 tuni ya zama farashi mai rahusa ga asalin kare," in ji masanin jin dadin dabbobi. A ƙasa da haka, ba zai yuwu a ƙare da farashin kulawa, alurar riga kafi da tsadar deworming ba. Masu shayarwa masu mahimmanci koyaushe zasu ɗauki mahaifiya tare kuma zasu iya nuna asalin iyayen. Rossmann ya ce "Yawancin mutanen da ke kasashen waje suna siyan kananan karnukan musamman saboda tausayi, saboda sun fi zama mawuyacin hali kuma kudin Tarayyar Turai XNUMX ne kacal." Wata zamba da ke aiki, duk da cewa haramun ne a sayi ƙananan dabbobin da ba su wuce makonni takwas ba. Saboda saurin janye nonon nono da kuma yanayin rashin tsabta, sabbin dangin suna yawan rashin lafiya tsawon rayuwarsu. 

Coronavirus bai fara nuna yadda zoonoses suke da haɗari ba. Cututtukan da dabbobi ke ɗauka na iya haifar da babbar illa, har da mutane. "Idan cutar ta bulla, shi ke nan. Kadan ne daga cikin mutane suka sani, alal misali, cewa mutane 60.000 na mutuwa sanadiyar kamuwa da cuta a shekara," in ji likitan dabbobi. Domin cutar ta kashe mutum dari bisa dari. Sau da yawa ba a yin rigakafin dabbobin da aka shigo da su ba bisa doka ba Musamman cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta galibi ana kawo su ta kan iyakoki. Dabbobin da aka shigo da su ba bisa doka ba galibi suna rashin lafiya, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da ƙwayoyin cuta, koda kuliyoyi na iya samun salmonella kuma su watsa shi ga mutane. "Mun fara da yaran". -Ungiyar ta EU ta ba da sanarwar ɗaruruwan yara da matasa game da haɗarin da ke cikin bita na makaranta, don haka ƙirƙirar ilimin asali ga tsara mai zuwa. Jimillan jami'an 'yan sanda 100 ne aka horar tare da cudanya da juna. Theungiyar EU ɗin ta ƙirƙiri babbar hanyar sadarwar yanki-yanki wacce ke da alaƙa da haɗin kai da ke tallafawa kanta wajen yaƙi da fataucin dabbobi. Sashin binciken masu laifi ya kasance a fili kuma yana iya sa baki cikin sauri a kan iyakoki.

Shin da gangan ake kawo dabbobin marasa lafiya ta kan iyakoki? Hakan zai zama wani sabon salo na ta'addanci, a cewar masanin kamuwa da cutar. "Idan kuna son lalata wata ƙasa da gangan, wannan zai iya yiwuwa". Da ma ƙasar Italiya ta kashe Euro miliyan 35 na kuɗin asibiti idan da gaske ana sayar da aku mai cutar a lokacin. A kashi biyar na yawan mace-macen da hakan na nufin cewa mutane 150 za su mutu, a cewar hasashen na tawagar kwararru. Babban burin aikin ba wai kawai hadin kai ba ne a cikin yanayin hatsarin lafiya da kara ilimi game da aikata laifuka daban-daban na kasa da kasa, amma har ma da manufar "lafiya daya". Tunda yaduwar zoonoses kamar su coronavirus zai ci gaba da haifar da haɗarin tattalin arziki da kiwon lafiya a nan gaba, aikin zai so ƙarfafa aikin tsakanin likitocin dabbobi da likitocin ɗan adam har ma fiye da haka. Domin wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo da za a iya gano hatsarin da ba a sani ba cikin sauri nan gaba da kuma fada da su tare, a cewar masanin. 

"Zoonoses ne ke da alhakin annoba mafi girma a tarihin ɗan adam," in ji Paolo Zucca, manajan gudanarwa na aikin Interreg. Sabanin yadda ake yadawa, yaduwar cututtukan da dabbobi masu shayarwa ke yadawa ga mutane ya fi girma a Arewacin Amurka, Turai da Rasha fiye da Afirka, Ostiraliya da Kudancin Amurka, kamar yadda bayanin likitan likitan ya fada kan shafin farko na aikin, wanda za a ci gaba da sabunta shi a yayin cutar a farkon shekarar 2020. ya kasance. Kafin COVID-19, sanannu sanannen cututtukan zoonotic sune cutar Zika, SARS, zazzabin Nile ta Yamma, annoba, da cutar Ebola.

Sanye take da abin rufe fuska da safar hannu, Francesco ta daga wata babbar motar bakin kaya zuwa gefen titi. A watan Yulin 2020 ne, kuma bayan kullewa da kyar ya ba da izinin jigilar dabbobi ba bisa ka'ida ba na wani karamin lokaci, yanzu an sake bude kan iyakoki a alwatika. Tunda yake aikinsa na horo, jami'in kwastan din ya san yadda ya kamata ya gane dabbobi marasa lafiya, yadda zai iya kare kansa da abokan aikinsa a wurin aiki, kuma ya san ka'idojin doka. Masanan yanzu suna aiki tare a Cibiyar Laifin Laifuka: Ita ce Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiyar Magunguna ta farko da Cibiyar Bincike da aka kafa a Turai. 

Mawallafi: Hoton Anastasia Lopez