Ursula Wastl
Abantu base-Austrian ngokwengeziwe basebenzisa amandla abo ekusasa ezandleni zabo. Uzothola ukwesekwa okubanzi kuwebhusayithi ye-E-Control (www.e-control.at). Kusukela ukukhululwa kwezimakethe zamandla ngonyaka we-2001, inkampani ibhekele ukusungulwa kanye nokuthobela bonke ababambiqhaza bemakethe emkhakheni wamandla ,
Ngogesi, isilinganiso sokushintshana sesicishe saphindeka kabili ngonyaka owedlule sisuka kumaphesenti we-1,8 saya kumaphesenti ama-3,5. Izinga lokushintshwa kwegesi lenyuke i-2014 laya kumaphesenti ama-4,6, uma liqhathaniswa namaphesenti we-2,5 ngonyaka owedlule. Sekukonke, amakhasimende kagesi we-206.206 - kufaka phakathi amakhaya e-159.476 - afuna umthengisi omusha kagesi ngonyaka owedlule. Abathengisi begesi bashintshwe ngamakhasimende we-61.633, kufaka phakathi amakhaya we-58.514.
"Kuphela umphakeli ushintshiwe. U-opharetha wenethiwekhi, okungukuthi inkampani ebhekele ukusebenza ngokuphephile kwenethiwekhi, ihlala injalo. Akunandaba noma uthola ugesi wakho kusuka kubani. Akukho shintsho ekunikezelweni kukagesi noma igesi ngokushintshwa kwabahlinzeki. "
UMartin Graf, Ukulawula kwe-E
Abashintshi bakagesi banda ngokushesha okukhulu
"Lokhu kufana nokungaphezulu kwephesenti le-90 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka owedlule," kusho uNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho Nezamandla Reinhold Mitterlehner ngezibalo ezintsha zemakethe zeziphathimandla ezilawula i-E-Control. "Ngakho-ke, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokubuyiswa kwemali selitholwe kusukela inkululeko yemakethe kagesi negesi, nayo inyuse umncintiswano emakethe yamandla yasekhaya. Yize kunjalo, sisenaso isikhala sokuthuthuka ngokuqhathaniswa namazwe, ”kusho uMitterlehner, obona elinye ikhono okufanele lisetshenziswe.
Isizathu esikhulu sokuthuthuka okuhle enanini lezinombolo zokushintshwa kwamandla amakhulu yimali enkulu yokonga uMartin Graf, umphathi we-E-Control amandla nomlawuli wegesi. "Kuze kufike ku-510 Euro, umndeni ojwayelekile ungazisindisa njalo ngonyaka ngokushintshwa kusuka kumphakeli wendabuko kuya kumthengisi kagesi oshibhile nogesi. Lokhu kungokonga okuphezulu kakhulu selokhu kwenziwa inkululeko, ”kusho uGraf.
Abahlinzeki abaningi ngokwengeziwe
Isibalo sabahlinzeki bakagesi oluhlaza sikhuphuke kakhulu e-Austria. I-2013 inikele ngogesi ophelele wabahlinzeki be-81 kusuka kumandla avuselelekayo we-100 Ngonyaka u-2012 wawuseyi-56. Amandla aluhlaza ayanda. Akukaze kube nabaphakeli bakagesi abaluhlaza abaningi njengalo nyaka.
Umthamo wokuthengisa ophelele wabo bonke abahlinzeki bakagesi oluhlaza (kufaka nabaphakeli bamandla wombuso, abangahlinzeki ngogesi abahlanzekile) kucishe kwaphindeka kabili (kanye nephesenti le-90) futhi kwakungu-2013 ngamahora we-17.412 gigawatt, amahora we-2012 9.184 gigawatt.
Amaphesenti aluhlaza we-100?
I-2013 ejwayelekile yokuxhuma amandla ka-Austrian, ngokusho kombiko wokulebula kukagesi we-E-Control, inamaphesenti ama-78,58 amaphesenti emithombo yamandla eyaziwa kabusha, i-14,35 iphesenti eyaziwa ngogesi wamapayipi, ugesi wamaphesenti we-6,80 wamaphesenti wemithombo engaziwa (i-ENTSO-E mix) ne-0,27 isenti eyaziwa eminye imithombo yamandla eyinhloko. Futhi yale mithombo yamandla evuselelekayo, cishe amaphesenti we-68 yi-hydropower, amandla angaphezu komoya amahlanu wamaphesenti, amandla angaphansi kwamaphesenti amane aqinile noma i-liquid biomass, futhi cishe amaphesenti we-1,5 amanye amaphesenti kagesi aluhlaza - kufaka phakathi ugesi we-photovoltaic cishe namaphesenti we-0,4.
Izinkampani zamandla ezifuywayo zinezixhaso eziningi nokutshalwa kwemali. Lapha, i-Global 2000 ikhombisa ukuxhumana kwezinkampani. Isitatimende sikaReinhard Uhrig, iGlobal 2000:
"Ugesi ovela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo uyenziwa futhi uthengiswe e-Austria ngamanani amakhulu. Kepha: ugesi oluhlaza awukhuthazi ngokuzenzakalelayo inguquko yamandla. Imikhiqizo "kagesi eluhlaza", emane nje isuselwa ekuthengisweni kwe-hydropower yakudala noma ukuhweba ngogesi, ayikhuthazi ukushintshwa kwamandla noma inikele ngokwengeziwe ekuvikeleni kwesimo sezulu. Ukushintshwa kukagesi oluhlaza kuzokwengeza kuphela izinzuzo zezemvelo uma kwakha izitshalo zamandla okuvuselela ezintsha ebezingeke zakhiwe.
Abahlinzeki bakagesi abaningi abuluhlaza basekela abahlinzeki abajwayelekile (noma izinkampani "eziluhlaza" ezine "gesi kusuka ku-hydropower "abanezinkampani ezisabalalisa" i-grime "evamile): Imikhakha kagesi eluhlaza isebenzela ukukhulisa inzuzo ezinkampanini zamandla futhi iholele amakhasimende kagesi bese eduka uma kwenzeka Bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthengwa kwabo kukagesi kufaka isandla ekwandisweni kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo - kepha inzuzo idluliselwa eqenjini elijwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke sincoma abahlinzeki bakagesi abaqinisekisiwe kuphela abangasebenzi ngaphandle kokuhweba ngogesi, bahlinzeka ngogesi kuphela emithonjeni evuselelekayo (ngoba abakwazi ukuphinda basebenzise ugesi "ongcolile") futhi abaxhasi ngokuqondile noma ngokuqondile abahlinzeki "abajwayelekile". Lawa ngama-Alps Adria Energie (www.aae-energy.com) kuphela kanye ne-Oekostrom AG (www.oekostrom.at). "
Kodwa uma unikeza ngempela ugesi oluhlaza ongu-100%, akuvami ukuthi kube lula ukubona lokho. UGudrun Stöger wase-oekostrom AG uyachaza: "Ngokungeziwe kwabahlinzeki bakagesi abahlukene abazimele abangama-oekostrom AG no-Alpen Adria Energie (AAE), izinkampani eziningi zokuxhaswa ezisunguliwe zinikela ngamaphesenti we-100 kagesi ohlanzekile. Ngokombono we-oekostrom AG, noma kunjalo, lonke iqembu kumele ligcinwe engqondweni - ukukhipha okuxhaswe "okuhlanzekile" ukuze kuthengiswe ugesi oluhlaza lapho futhi kungashintshi lutho ezinhlakeni ezisele zenkampani alubonakali futhi alulungile kubathengi futhi alumi lapho Uma sibheka ukufinyelela ekuguqukeni kwamandla kanye nezinhloso zokuvikela isimo sezulu sase-Austria akunangqondo. "
Amandla eNyukliya, cha ngiyabonga!
Ukulebulwa kwe-E-Control kunikeza imininingwane mayelana nokwakheka kukagesi wasekhaya womhlinzeki ofanele.
Amakhaya angeke esanikezwa noma yimuphi ugesi onsundu ngenxa yokuchitshiyelwa komthetho i-2013. Futhi ukubuyekezwa kumongo wokulebula kwamandla kukhombisile ukuthi bonke abahlinzeki bagcinile kulokhu. IGrecale 2013 yathunyelwa kumakhasimende wezezimboni kuphela. Kusukela ekugcineni kwe-2015 kuphelile ngayo. Kusukela lapho, awukho ugesi wemvelaphi ongaziwa ongabikwa ezinkampanini zezimboni.
Ngokusho kwalokho okubizwa nge-ENTSO-E-Mix (ngaphandle kwe-Renewable Energy) eYurophu futhi kanjalo nase-Austria, i-2013 bekuyi-37,47 yamandla enuzi (2012: amaphesenti we-35,7). Ngombono obonakalayo wezibalo, isabelo samandla enuzi e-Austria nyakenye ngamaphesenti we-2,55, amaphesenti we-2012 2,59. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isabelo samandla enuzi endaweni ye-Alpine republic sehle kakhulu
Ugesi oluhlaza: Kulula kanjalo
Ushintsho ngokwalo lulula kakhulu: Bonke abahlinzeki bakagesi nogesi bangatholakala esibalweni samanani we-E-Control ngaphansi kwe-e-control.at/tarifkalkulator. Ukushintsha, kufanele ugcwalise lefomu kuwebhusayithi yomhlinzeki kuphela. Konke okunye uzokwenzela khona.
Akukho okuguqukayo ezikhungweni zobuchwepheshe. Baqhubeka nokusebenzisa imitha efanayo nezintambo zamandla ezifanayo njengaphambi koshintsho. Lezi futhi zihlala ziyiphathi yenethiwekhi yenethiwekhi. Njengabahlinzeki bemisebenzi yamahhala bavame ukuthatha izindleko zenethiwekhi zokwenza imali - lokho kusho ukuthi opharetha wenethiwekhi bahlinzeka ngomthethosivivinywa wazo zonke izinsizakalo zenethiwekhi, izintela kanye nemisebenzi ngqo kusonkontileka wabo omusha. Ukhokha lezi zindleko bese uzibuyisela kuwe.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
