Sonja
Ukuthi abantu abaningi e-Central Europe namuhla bangagaya ubisi, sikweleta ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Ngoba amandla omuntu okwehlukanisa ushukela wobisi (i-lactose), ekuqaleni ayehloselwe imvelo ngezinsana kuphela. I-enzyme lactase, okudingekayo kuyo, iqala emuva ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Yize izilwane ezinjengezinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi bezifuywe eMiddle East nase-Anatolia kuyo yonke iminyaka ye-11.000 ukuze kugaywe imikhiqizo yazo yobisi, bekufanele zenziwe zihambisane nezinqubo ezikhethekile ezifana noshizi noma i-yoghurt. Lapho laba balimi bokuqala sebefika eYurophu, bahlangana nabazingeli kanye nalabo ababuthelayo. Cishe eminyakeni eyi-8.000 edlule, ngaphambi nje kokuba abalimi bokuqala baxazulule, ukuvela kwezakhi zofuzo kwenzeka. Kuqinisekisile ukuthi kukhiqizwe isikhathi eside i-enzyme lactase, okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yavumela abantu abengeziwe ukuba bagaye imikhiqizo yobisi. Ososayensi abavela eJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz naseYunivesithi yaseLondon bacabanga ukuthi ukuhlangana kobisi endaweni yeHungary yanamuhla, i-Austria noma iSlovakia sekuvele.
Milch
Ubisi yi-emulsion yamaprotheni, ubisi ushukela namafutha obisi emanzini; ngamanye amagama, ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, amavithamini kanye nezinto ezilandelwayo ziyancibilika emanzini. Izilinganiso zezithako ngazinye ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane nezinhlobo zezilwane. Ukusetshenziswa kobisi kumile eYurophu, neChina neNdiya njengezimakethe zokukhula. Ngo-2012, kwakhiqizwa amathani obisi ayizigidi ezingama-754 (i-Austria: amathani ayizigidi ezingama-3,5, 2014) emhlabeni wonke, amaphesenti angama-83 awo ubisi lwenkomo.
Ubisi & CO2
Izigidigidi ze-65 ezingacabangi ukuthi "zikhiqizwa" minyaka yonke emhlabeni jikelele. Ahlafuna futhi agaye futhi akhiqize amathani e-methane, igesi elilimaza imvelo elilimaza isimo sezulu. Uma zihlanganiswe, zonke lezi zinto zibonisa ukuthi umthwalo osemkhathini womhlaba wokusetshenziswa kwenyama nezinhlanzi uphakeme kakhulu kunalokho komgwaqo emhlabeni jikelele. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukubalwa kuyahlukahluka ukuthi mangaki amaphesenti amagesi abamba ukushisa abangela ukukhiqizwa kwenyama kanye nobisi lomhlaba. Kwabanye kuyi-12,8, abanye beza nge-18 noma ngisho nangamaphesenti ama-40.
Ngakho-ke singazuza namuhla kubisi lomkhiqizo wemvelo. “Inkomo isebenzisa umsoco (utshani) ngathi futhi iyayenza ukuba idle. Lokhu kwenza ubisi lube umphakeli obalulekile wamaprotheni ne-calcium, ”kusho uMichaela Knieli, uchwepheshe wezondlamzimba we-“ die umweltberatung ”eVienna. Ubisi olusha lwase-Austrian alunawo amaminithi we-GM futhi alunamizwa emincane futhi lubuthaka. "Empeleni, yilokho okuphuma enkomeni. Awuniki lutho. "Ngokombono wokuqina, kubalulekile ukuthi ungangenisi okuphakelayo. Ukwenza isibonelo, kuthiwani ngemikhiqizo yemvelo, lapho okuphakelayo kufanele kuvame ukuvela epulazini ngenxa yomnotho oyindilinga? Kunconywa ikakhulukazi uma izinkomo zisemadlelo.
Ubisi lwe-hay: kusuka ekujikelezweni kwemvelo
Abalimi abengeziwe baphendukela ubisi lwe-hay, lapho ukondla kulandela khona umjikelezo wemvelo wokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo, izinkomo zobisi lwe-hay zivunyelwe ukuba zondle otshanini kanye namakhambi avela emasimini, emadlelo nakumadlelo asezintabeni futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kudliwa nge-hay nokudla okusanhlamvu ebusika. Akukho okuphakelayo okubilisiwe. Ubisi lwembali e-organic hay oluvela ku- “Ja! Zemvelo. " Ngokusho kwenkampani, izinsuku ze-365 ngonyaka zigijimisa izinkomo kulolu hlelo, okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-120 zisemadlelweni kanye nonyaka wonke kwibala lokudlala zidlala ngaphandle, zinqatshelwe. Abalimi beHummingbird abavela ku- "Back to the Source" banikeza izinkomo zobisi izinsuku ze-180 bahlala emoyeni ovulekile, kufaka phakathi izinsuku ze-120 zamadlelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphezu kokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha okuhle, izinkomo ezikhuluphisiwe ezigcinwe esibayeni ziyinkinga yemvelo futhi, ngokusho kukaKnieli. Akukona nje ngenkinga yomquba (i-Infobox). "Izinkomo ezithela phezulu zikondliwe ngamaphrotheni. Lokho kungaba ukudla kwesoya soya kusuka ehlathini lemvula. Ngeshwa, uphela kakhulu esiswini sezilwane kunasesiswini sabadli bemifino. "
Enye indlela
Uma kukhulunywa ngobisi lwe-soy, abaningi futhi bangabokuqala ukucabanga ngezinkinga zamahlathi nemishini yobunjiniyela. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi akusona isimiselo seziphuzo ze-soya ezitholakala e-Austria kuboniswa ukubuyekeza komagazini wabathengi: "Eziphuzweni ze-soya eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi nambili ezihloliwe, ama-soya aqhamuka e-Austria. Ngokweqiniso bekungeke ngikucabange lokho, ”kusho uNina Siegenthaler, isazi sezempilo eVerein für Konsumenteninfform (VKI). Ukulandelwa kwezidalwa eziguqulwe ngofuzo (GMOs) kutholakale nakuziphuzo zo soya ezihloliwe.
Ngaphandle komphakeli oyedwa wesoya wase-Italy, abanye abakhiqizi abane bathulile ngomthombo wezinto zabo ezingavuthiwe zeziphuzo ze-soya. Iziphuzo zerayisi ne-almond ezivivinywe yi- "Konsument" zazingenalo ulwazi ngamazwe adabuka kuwo izithako eziphambili. Kungakuhle ukukwazi ukwahlulela ukuthi imikhiqizo emise ubisi esimeme ingakanani ngempela. Abakhiqizi abangabodwa abanjengoJoya, obisini lakhe le-oat elingafundwanga, yisho njengomsuka we-oat Austria. "Uma i-soya, ebhaliwe noma i-oats evela e-Austria, ubisi lwesitshalo luyanqunywa kahle uma luqhathaniswa nobisi olusha. Akudingeki ngondle futhi ngigcine noma yiziphi izilwane, okuholela ekukhuphukeni okuphezulu kwe-CO2, futhi ngingenazo izindlela zokuhamba, "kusho uKnieli we" die umweltberatung ".
Ubisi lweRice: iziphikisi eziningi
Uma isiphuzo selayisi noma umkhiqizo wobisi ongenisa obisini, khona-ke kuyenezelwa izindlela zokuhamba ezeqile futhi, elayisi, ukulinywa okunamandla kwe-CO2. Akukaziwa kangako: irayisi elimanzi likhiqiza inani elikhulu le-methane, elihlala lenzeka lapho ama-microorganisms ebumba izinto eziphilayo zezitshalo - hhayi kuphela ekufuyeni izilwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga aphezulu e-arsenic atholakala kaningi elayisi, okuyinto ngendlela yayo enobuthi kubantu nase-carcinogenic. Yize iziphuzo ezine zerayisi ezine eziphenywayo bezingaphansi kwenani elijwayelekile elinqunywe i-European Food Safety Authority, umagazini Consumer weluleka ukuqaphela futhi ubheka iziphuzo zerayisi ezingazifanele izingane nezinsana. Inqubo yokuvutshelwa yenza ukuthi isiphuzo selayisi sibe mnandi kakhulu. Lokho kwamukelwa kahle ngabahloli. "Kepha ubuwula ngukuthi: Ngenxa yomkhiqizo, iziphuzo zerayisi ziqukethe ushukela omningi kuneziphuzo ze-soya, ezenezelwe ushukela!" Kusho uSiegenthaler. "Ngokombono wokubukwa kwemvelo nokunempilo, ubisi lwerayisi luyameva eceleni. Lapho ukutshala irayisi elimanzi kukhiqiza i-methane elimaza kakhulu isimo sezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho irayisi lihanjiswa ngaphesheya kwengxenye yomhlaba, ”kusho uKnieli. Lolu lubisi lwelayisi lungaba nezinzuzo eziningi kulabo abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba. Ngoba ngokungafani neziphuzo ezenziwe nge-spelling, oats noma ezinye okusanhlamvu, isiphuzo selayisi ngokwemvelo asinawo ama-gluten.
Ubisi lwe-almond: akunjalo ngokwemvelo
Kuthiwani ngobisi lwe-alimondi? Ngeshwa, bebelokhu bekhona kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Ingabe unezinto eziningi aphuza ngazo neziphuzo ze-almond ezisanda kwenziwa ngamabhodlela? Uhlu lwezithako lude kakhulu, abathengi bathola ama-thickeners, ama-emulsifiers kanye nabazinza engxenyeni yeziphuzo ezihloliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke babenoshukela (yize ubisi lwe-almond olungatholakali selutholakala). "Ngabe sisakhuluma ngomkhiqizo wemvelo? Ubisi yinto yemvelo ethe xaxa, ”kusho uSiegenthaler. Ubisi lwe-almond luphinde lube yinkinga kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwemvelo: "Ama-alimondi angenza kahle impela odabeni lwe-CO2. Kepha iningi livela e-US futhi likhiqizwa njengamakhemikhali wokubulala izinambuzane amaningi ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Iziphuzo ze-almond nazo kufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela! ”Kusho uKnieli.
By the way, iziphuzo ze-alimondi ezihlolwa ngabathengi zazinamaphesenti amabili kuya kwayisikhombisa kuphela ama-alimondi. "Lezi ziphuzo ziqukethe amanzi amaningi. Kufanele wazi ukuthi empeleni amanzi ahamba lapha emhlabeni wonke, "kusho uchwepheshe we" die umweltberatung ".
Ngakho-ke yini engcono, ubisi noma ubisi lwemifino? Into eyodwa iqinisekile: umkhiqizo ophelele awukho. Bonke banezinzuzo nobubi. UKnieli: "Uma wenza ubisi kusuka ku-oats noma kupelepele, lunquma kangcono kunobisi olusha. Kodwa-ke, ubisi lwesitshalo lunezinto ezingathandeki ekwakhiweni kwezakhi. Ubisi lwamagilebhisi we-organic nalo luyanconywa. Kodwa lokho akukuhlukumezi uma ungakwazi ukubekezelela. "
ukungabekezelelani
Ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose kugcwele ezindaweni zethu zokuhamba. E-Europe Ephakathi, cishe amaphesenti ama-60 wabantu namuhla angagaya ushukela wobisi, kanti eNyakatho Yurophu, njengeScandinavia nase-Ireland, amaphesenti we-90. ENingizimu Yurophu, kumayelana nephesenti le-20, futhi ngisho nase-Asia, bambalwa kakhulu abantu ababekezelela imikhiqizo yobisi. Uma i-enzyme lactase ingekho, ushukela wobisi awukwazi ukwahlukana futhi uhlala kwikholoni. Kukhona ukucutshungulwa ngamabhaktheriya kufana ne-lactic acid ne-carbon dioxide, okungaholela kubantu abane-lactose ukungabekezeleleki ebuhlungwini besisu, amaqhubu, ukubhuqa noma ukubhudula.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
