kwamalungelo wobuntu

Amalungelo abantu yinto esiyithatha kancane emphakathini wanamuhla. Kepha uma kukhulunywa ngokuchazwa kwabo, abaningi bethu bakuthola kunzima. Kepha ayini amalungelo abantu noma kunjalo? Amalungelo abantu yilawo malungelo umuntu ngamunye anelungelo ngokulinganayo ngenxa yobuntu bakhe.

ukuthuthukiswa 

Ngo-1948, amazwe ayengamalungu angama-56 ngaleso sikhathi e-UN okokuqala achaza amalungelo okufanele wonke umuntu emhlabeni anikezwe ilungelo lawo. Yile ndlela okwakhiwa ngayo idokhumende elaziwa kakhulu lamalungelo abantu elithi "The General Declaration of Human Rights" (UDHR), okwakhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo okuyisisekelo sokuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu emhlabeni jikelele. Phambilini udaba lwamalungelo abantu bekuyindaba nje yomthethosisekelo wezwe ngamunye. Isisusa sokulawulwa ezingeni lomhlaba wonke kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthula ngemuva kwezimpi zomhlaba ezimbili.

Kulesi simemezelo, kubekwe izindatshana ezingama-30 ukuthi okokuqala emlandweni wesintu kufanele kusebenza kuwo wonke umuntu - kungakhathalekile ubuzwe, inkolo, ubulili, ubudala njll. Izinto ezibalulekile ze-UDHR, ngokwesibonelo, ilungelo lokuphila nenkululeko, ukuvinjelwa kokuhlukunyezwa, Ubugqila nokuhweba ngezigqila, inkululeko yokuveza imibono, inkululeko yezenkolo, njll. Ngo-1966, i-UN nayo yakhipha ezinye izivumelwano ezimbili: Isivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Samalungelo Abantu Nezombusazwe kanye Nesivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Samalungelo Ezomnotho, Ezenhlalo Namasiko. Ngokubambisana ne-UDHR bakha i- "International Bill of Human Rights". Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izingqungquthela ze-UN, njenge-Geneva Refugee Convention noma i-Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Ubukhulu nemisebenzi ehlobene namalungelo abantu

Amalungelo abantu ngamanye avela kulezi zivumelwano angahlukaniswa abe ubukhulu be-3. Ubukhulu bokuqala bukhombisa konke ukukhululeka kwezepolitiki nezomphakathi. Ubukhulu besibili buqukethe amalungelo ezomnotho, ezenhlalo kanye namasiko. Amalungelo okuhlanganyela (amalungelo amaqembu) nawo akha ubukhulu besithathu.

Isengezelelo sala malungelo esintu ngumbuso ngamunye, okumele uhambisane nezibopho ezithile. Umsebenzi wokuqala wamazwe ukuhlonipha amalungelo abantu, okusho ukuthi, amazwe kufanele ahloniphe amalungelo abantu. Umsebenzi wokuvikela ngumsebenzi wesibili othi izifundazwe kufanele zihambisane nawo. Kufanele uvikele ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu, futhi uma ngabe sekuvele kukhona ukwephulwa, umbuso kufanele unikeze isinxephezelo. Umsebenzi wesithathu wamazwe ukudala izimo ukuze ukwazi ukubona amalungelo abantu (isibopho sokuqinisekisa).

Imithethonqubo nezivumelwano ezengeziwe

Ngaphezu kwezifundazwe, uMkhandlu Wamalungelo Abantu eGeneva kanye nama-NGO amaningi (isib. Human Rights Watch) nawo ahlola ukuthobela amalungelo abantu. IHuman Rights Watch isebenzisa umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ukunaka ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu ngakolunye uhlangothi nokufaka ingcindezi kwabenza izinqumo kwezepolitiki ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngaphandle kwamalungelo abantu alawulwa umhlaba wonke, kunezinye izivumelwano zamalungelo abantu ezifundeni kanye nezikhungo, njenge-European Convention on Human Rights kanye ne-European Court of Human Rights, i-African Charter of Human Rights kanye ne-Rights of the Peoples kanye ne-American Convention on Human Rights.

Amalungelo abantu yizimiso ezibalulekile esezitholwe kudala. Ngaphandle kwabo ngabe alikho ilungelo lokufunda, akukho nkululeko yokukhuluma noma inkolo, akukho ukuvikelwa ebudloveni, ekushushisweni nokunye okuningi. Ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa okuningana kwamalungelo abantu, ukwephulwa kanye nokudelelwa kwamalungelo abantu kwenzeka nsuku zonke, ngisho nasemazweni aseNtshonalanga. Ukubukwa, ukutholwa nokubikwa kwamazwe ezehlakalo ezinje kwenziwa ikakhulukazi yi-NGO (lapha ikakhulukazi i-Amnesty International) futhi kukhombisa ukuthi, yize kusungulwa amalungelo, ukulawulwa okufanele kokuhambisana kuyadingeka.

Photo / Video: Ugogo.