Helmut Melzer
Isikhathi sokuphila sikhule ngokushesha selokhu kukhanyiselwa. Kwi-19 yokuqala. Ngekhulu le-19, kwaqala ukwanda emazweni athuthukile, kanti kusaqhubeka kuphansi emhlabeni jikelele. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ukungalingani komhlaba wonke kwehlile. Kusukela ngonyaka we-1900, isilinganiso sokuphila esilinganiswayo (graphic) sesiphindwe kabili kunalokho futhi manje semi iminyaka eyi-70.
Inkomba yezempilo ukulindelwa kweminyaka yobudala. Ngo-1845, kwakusekhona umehluko omkhulu: isikhathi sokuphila kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa sasiyiminyaka engama-40 kanti seminyaka engama-70 sineminyaka engama-79 ubudala. Namuhla lolu banga lincane kakhulu - ukusuka ku-81 kuye ku-86. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ithuba lokufa esemncane selinciphile ngokuqinile. "Ukulingana kwempilo" kukhule kubo bonke abantu.
