Helmut Melzer
Umbuso ubeka izinhloso. Kepha kunjalo. Ngoba yize izinhloso zombuso "zokuvikela imvelo zibanzi" (1984) kanye "nokusimama" (2013), isicelo sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu siyadingeka - kaninginingi kwiNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo.
Ku-coup d'état, ngonyaka ka-2018 nangonyaka olandelayo, injongo entsha yombuso "yindawo yebhizinisi yokuncintisana" e-Austria yazama ukuba ngumthethosisekelo. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyisinqumo seNkantolo Yezokuphatha Yezimali ngo-2017, esenqabile isicelo seVienna Airport ngomgwaqo wesithathu - ngenxa yezizathu zezendawo, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Njengoba kukhona indawo yebhizinisi kumthethosisekelo, lokhu kuzobaluleka - mhlawumbe ngaphezulu kwakho konke. Ngenxa yengcindezi evela emiphakathini yasekhaya, icebo lenhloso entsha yombuso wase-Austria laqedwa.
Indlela yesithathu yomgwaqo yanikezwa ukukhanya okuluhlaza: ukuhlola umthelela wezemvelo sekuphele ngempumelelo. Futhi ngaphandle kwecebo lokuvikela isimo sezulu elalihlulekile ngaphambili: kuthiwani ngezinhloso zombuso wase-Austria?
Izinjongo zoMbuso empeleni ziyimpoqo
Esimweni sendatshana edlule ukuhlanganisa Ukubuketwa kwezinhloso zezwe lase-Austria bekungafanele kungaphuthelwa. Noma kunjalo: Ngisho ku-Intanethi, asikwazanga ukuthola uhlu lwamanje lwale. Insizakalo yabezindaba ye I-Parlamentsdirektion kuthunyelwe kuwe isishumeli sobuchwepheshe obuthokozisayo. Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu ngokusobala laklanywa njengencwajana yolwazi yenhloso yesimo sebhizinisi esishiwo ekuqaleni akufanele kusikhathaze.
Izitatimende ezikuyo bezijabulisa kakhulu: “Umsebenzi wezindawo zokukhangisa ubukhawulelwe ekutholeni inhlangano yezwe kanye namalungelo abantu abathile kuhulumeni. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono ushintshile ekusebenzeni komthetho-sisekelo cishe kuwo wonke ama-Europe kusukela ngawo-1970. [...] Ubulungiswa kanye nesayensi baphendule kulokhu ngokwenza izinqubomgomo eziyisisekelo zezimiso. Kubonakele futhi ukuthi amalungelo ayisisekelo akavikeli abantu abathile kuphela kuhulumeni. Babuye bacele umbuso ukuthi uhlinzeke ngohlaka oludingekayo ukusebenzisa lawa malungelo. Izinhloso zoMbuso zibopha ngokusemthethweni. Ziphoqa izitho zombuso ukuba zenze ngendlela ethile."
Izinhloso Zombuso: ukukhohlisa okukhulu?
Manje, njengesakhamuzi esingahle sizifundele, kungathathwa njengokufanele ukuthi umbuso nohulumeni wakhe okhethwe ngentando yeningi baphishekela imigomo efanelekile futhi bayicabangela ngezenzo nangomthetho.
Kodwa-ke, iqiniso libonisa ukuthi ukuphikiswa ngu Inkantolo Yomthethosisekelo (VfGH) kuyadingeka ukuthola iziphikiso kumthethosisekelo. Umcimbi obonakala uyaxhuma. Isiphawulo somqondisi wephalamende siwuphendula kahle lo mbuzo - maqondana nezizathu zezinjongo zamazwe: “Amazwe angabalingisi abathile phakathi kwabaningi. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke noma izinkampani ezinkulu zentengiso ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa zinamandla amaningi nethonya. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi umbuso wentando yeningi okusamele uyenze."
Ngakho-ke uma izinjongo zombuso ziyimisebenzi "emisha" yesifundazwe, kungani zicishe zinganakwa? Kungani kunesidingo sevoti labantu esimweni sezulu lapho i-Austria inezinhloso ezimbili zikahulumeni ezifanele?
Kulokhu nasendabeni yomgwaqo wesithathu, isimo soPhiko LwePhalamende: “Izinkantolo zezomthetho zomphakathi zisebenze kaningana ngenhloso kazwelonke yokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuphelele nokusimama komthetho wazo wangaphambilini. Esinqumweni sayo ngomgwaqo wesitimela wesithathu eVienna Airport, iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ikhulume ngokusobala ngesiko layo elide lokusebenzisa iFederal Constitutional Law on Environmental Protection (BVG) ukubuyekeza imithetho nezimiso. "
Futhi ngokuqhubekayo: "I-VfGH igcizelele ukuthi ukubaluleka ngokuphelele kwezintshisekelo zokuvikela imvelo ngaphezulu kwezinye izinqumo, abaphathi okufanele bazicubungule, ngeke kuthathwe kule nhloso yombuso. Ngokomthetho-sisekelo, noma kunjalo, ukuvikeleka okuphelele kwemvelo kufanele kufakwe lapho kuhunyushwa izintshisekelo ezizovikeleka ngaphansi koMthetho we-Avation Act (LFG). Ngokunjalo, lokhu kumele futhi kwenziwe ngesisindo esilandelayo salezi zintshisekelo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufakwa akukwazanga ukwandisa lezo zintshisekelo okufanele zibhekwe ngaphansi kwe-LFG. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenze ukuthi i-VfGH ichithe isinqumo seNkantolo Yezokuphatha Yezimali yokwenqaba ukuvuma umgudu wesithathu ngezizathu zokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu. "
I-INFO: Izinhloso zombuso ziyi-Austria
Ukuphathwa okulinganayo kwabantu abakhubazekile - I-Art 7 para 1 B-VG 1997
Ukuphathwa okulinganayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane - I-Art 7 para 2 B-VG 1998
Ukuvikelwa kwezinhlanga - I-Art 8 para 2 B-VG 2000
Ukuvikela izwe ngokuphelele - I-Art 9a B-VG 1975
Ibhalansi ye-Macroeconomic - I-Art 13 para 2 B-VG 1987
Ukulingana okukhona phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ekuphatheni kwesabelomali sikahulumeni wobumbano, izifundazwe nomasipala - Art 13 para 3 B-VG 2009
Ukubambisana komphakathi - I-Art 120a para 2 B-VG 2008
kumiswa - I-Art 17 StGG 1867, BGBl 210/1958
Ukubekezelela ukungathathi hlangothi - I-BVG ka-Okthoba 26, 1955
Ukuvinjwa kokuqashwa kabusha kweNational Socialist - BGBl 152/1955
Ukusakaza njengomsebenzi womphakathi - Ubuciko 1 BVG Rundfunk 1974
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuphelele - BVG 1984-2013
kusimama - § 1 BVG ukuqina kwe-2013
benhlalakahle yezilwane - § 2 BVG ukuqina kwe-2013
Ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwamanzi nokudla - §§ 4 ne-5 BVG yokuqina kwe-2013
ucwaningo - § 6 BVG ukuqina kwe-2013
Umthombo: Directorate of Palaces
Ngabe ucwaningo lungakufanele yini lokhu? Isibonelo: I-Austria isindise i-AUA yezindiza ngemuva kwenkinga yamakhorali.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
jadi tujuan dari terbentuknya negara austria itu apa ya?
I-athikili tersebut membahas tujuan nasional yang telah ditetapkan Austria, tetapi tidak benar-benar terpenuhi.
I-athikili ikhuluma ngemigomo kazwelonke ebekwe yi-Austria, kodwa engafinyelelwanga ngempela.