Imiphumela yesimo sezulu sempi yase-Ukraine: ukukhishwa okuningi njengeNetherlands

Impi yase-Ukraine yabangela amathani alinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-100 e-CO2e ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa zokuqala. Lokho kufana nokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, iNetherlands ikhipha ngesikhathi esifanayo. UMnyango wezeMvelo wase-Ukraine wethule lezi zibalo emcimbini oseceleni wengqungquthela yesimo sezulu ye-COP27 eSharm el Sheik.1. Ucwaningo lwaqalwa uchwepheshe wephrojekthi yesimo sezulu kanye namandla waseDashi u-Lennard de Klerk, osehlale futhi wasebenza e-Ukraine isikhathi eside. Wathuthukisa amaphrojekthi wesimo sezulu namandla embonini enzima lapho, kanye naseBulgaria naseRussia. Abamele amafemu ambalwa abonisana ngamazwe ngamazwe okuvikela isimo sezulu namandla avuselelekayo kanye nommeleli woMnyango Wezemvelo wase-Ukraine babambisane ocwaningweni.2.

Ukukhishwa kwegesi ngenxa yokunyakaza kwababaleki, ubutha, imililo kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwengqalasizinda yomphakathi kwahlolisiswa.

Indiza: amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,4 we-CO2e

Ucwaningo luqala ngokuhlola ukunyakaza kwendiza okubangelwa impi. Isibalo sabantu ababalekela indawo yempi baya entshonalanga ye-Ukraine silinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-6,2, futhi isibalo salabo ababalekela phesheya siyizigidi ezingu-7,7. Ngokusekelwe ezindaweni zokusuka nalapho uya khona, izindlela zokuthutha ezisetshenzisiwe zingalinganiselwa: imoto, isitimela, ibhasi, izindiza ezimfushane nezihamba isikhathi eside. Babaleki abangaba amaphesenti angu-40 babuyele emadolobheni akubo ngemva kokuhoxa kwamasosha aseRussia. Sekukonke, izinga lokukhishwa kwethrafikhi endizeni lilinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-1,4 we-CO2e.

Imisebenzi yezempi: amathani ayizigidi ezingu-8,9 we-CO2e

Amafutha ezinsalela ayingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yezempi. Zisetshenziselwa amathangi nezimoto zezikhali, izindiza, izithuthi zezinhlamvu, amasosha, ukudla nezinye izinto. Kodwa izimoto zomphakathi ezifana nezinjini zokuhlenga nezomlilo, amabhasi okuphuma, njll. nazo zidla uphethiloli. Ukwaziswa okunjalo kunzima ukukuthola ngisho nangesikhathi sokuthula, ingasaphathwa eyempi. Ukusetshenziswa kwebutho laseRussia kulinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-1,5 ngokusekelwe ekuthuthweni kukaphethiloli endaweni yempi. Ababhali babala ukusetshenziswa kwebutho lase-Ukraine ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-0,5. Bachaza umehluko ngokuthi ibutho lase-Ukraine linemizila emifushane yokuletha izimpahla kunabahlaseli futhi ngokuvamile lisebenzisa izinto zokusebenza nezimoto ezilula. Isamba samathani ayizigidi ezi-2 kaphethiloli abangele ukukhishwa kwe-CO6,37e eyizigidi ezingu-2.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu nakho kubangela ukukhishwa okukhulu: ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ngesikhathi sokuthutha, lapho i-propellant ivutha lapho idutshulwa nalapho i-propellant iqhuma ngenxa yomthelela. Izilinganiso zokusetshenziswa kwamagobolondo ezikhali ziyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-5.000 no-60.000 ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwe-90% ye-emissions kungenxa yokukhiqizwa kwama-projectiles (ijazi lensimbi neziqhumane). Sekukonke, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwezikhali kulinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-1,2 e-CO2e.

Imililo: amathani ayizigidi ezingama-23,8 we-CO2e

Idatha yesathelayithi ibonisa ukuthi mingaki imililo - ebangelwa ukubhobolwa, ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu nezimayini - eye yanda ezindaweni zempi uma iqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule: inani lemililo enendawo engaphezu kwe-1 ha lenyuke izikhathi ezingu-122, indawo ethintekile i-38 -goqa. Imililo yamahlathi idala iningi lalokhu Ukukhishwa kwemililo ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa zokuqala zempi kubalele amathani ayizigidi ezingama-23,8 we-CO2e.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha: amathani ayizigidi ezingama-48,7 we-CO2e

Ukukhishwa okuningi okubangelwa yimpi kuzovela ekwakhiweni kabusha kwengqalasizinda yabantu ababhidliziwe. Okunye kwalokhu kuyenzeka ngesikhathi sempi, kodwa ukwakhiwa kabusha okuningi ngeke kuqale kuze kube yilapho sekuphelile ukulwa. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi, iziphathimandla zase-Ukraine zibhale phansi ukucekelwa phansi okubangelwe ubutha. Imininingwane eqoqwe yiminyango eyahlukene yacutshungulwa yaba umbiko weSikole Sezomnotho sase-Kyiv ngokubambisana nethimba lochwepheshe beBhange Lomhlaba.

Ukucekelwa phansi okuningi kusembonini yezindlu (58%). Kusukela ngoSepthemba 1, 2022, izindlu zasemadolobheni ezingu-6.153 zacekelwa phansi futhi ezingu-9.490 zalimala. Imizi yabantu engu-65.847 yacekelwa phansi futhi engu-54.069 yonakala. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kuzocabangela amaqiniso amasha: ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani labantu, akuzona zonke izindlu ezizobuyiselwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafulethi enkathi yeSoviet mancane kakhulu ngezindinganiso zanamuhla. Amafulethi amasha cishe azoba makhulu. Umkhuba wamanje wokwakha eMpumalanga naseYurophu Emaphakathi wasetshenziswa ukubala ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ukukhiqizwa kukasimende nezitini kuwumthombo omkhulu wokukhipha i-CO2, futhi izitini ziyimithombo eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwe-CO2 Izinto zokwakha ezintsha, ezingadli kakhulu ikhabhoni cishe zizotholakala, kodwa ngenxa yezinga lokucekelwa phansi, umsebenzi omningi wokwakha uzokwenziwa. ngokusebenzisa izindlela zamanje. Ukukhishwa okuvela ekwakhiweni kabusha kwezindlu kulinganiselwa ku-28,4 million amathani we-CO2e, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwayo yonke ingqalasizinda yomphakathi - izikole, izibhedlela, izikhungo zamasiko nezemidlalo, izakhiwo zenkolo, izitshalo zezimboni, izitolo, izimoto - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-48,7.

I-Methane evela ku-Nord Stream 1 no-2: amathani ayizigidi ezingu-14,6 CO2e

Ababhali baphinde babale i-methane eyaphunyuka ngesikhathi kucekelwa phansi amapayipi e-Nord Stream njengokuphuma kokunyakaza kwababaleki, ukulwa, imililo kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha. Yize kungaziwa ukuthi ngubani owenze lesi sibhicongo, kubonakala kuqinisekile ukuthi bekuxhumene nempi yase-Ukraine. I-methane eyeqile ihambisana namathani ayizigidi ezingu-14,6 e-CO2e.

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1 https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=U2VUG9IVUZUOLJ3GOC6PKKERKXUO3DYJ , bhekafuthi: https://climateonline.net/2022/11/04/ukraine-cop27/

2 Klerk, Lennard de; Shmurak, Anatolii; Gassan-Zade, Olga; Shlapak, Mykola; uTomolyak, uKyryl; Korthuis, Adriaan (2022): Ukulimala Kwesimo Sezulu Okubangelwa Impi YaseRussia E-Ukraine: Umnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo Nezinsiza Zemvelo wase-Ukraine. Ku-inthanethi: https://climatefocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ClimateDamageinUkraine.pdf