Amandla ampunga - isela lamandla ayimfihlo

Isaladi lesithelo se-kiwi ne-banana, i-Kornspitz ene-ham noshizi, kanye nengilazi yejusi le-orange. Isidlo sasekuseni esingaqukethe nje kuphela amandla namavithamini, kepha futhi sinohambo olude ngemuva kwaso. Ubuwazi ukuthi lezi zingxube ze "ibhulakufesi ebanga elide" ezinjengalezi zithuthwa ziqhelele kumakhilomitha angama-30.000 zizofika emhlabeni kupuleti yakho? Ama-globetrotters amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni ngamunye anamakhilomitha ayi-11.000 ejusi kusuka kumawolintshi aseBrazil kanye ne-banana Costa Rica. Kulandelwa yi-cocoa evela e-Afrika (6.000 km), i-Spanish turkey (2.200 km).

Labo abathanda ukudla ngamamayela ambalwa, bangakhipha umthwalo omkhulu bemvelo. Isibonelo sokudla kwasekuseni silula: izithelo ikakhulu zivela e-Austria, amawolintshi aqhamuka e-Italy (cishe amakhilomitha we-1.000) nososeji noshizi kuyatholakala ngobuningi kuleli lizwe. UMnyango Wezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo koHulumeni wesiFundazwe wase-Austrian Ophakeme ubabalwe ukuthi "isidlo sasekuseni esifushane esinjalo" sinesilinganiso sokweshumi kuphela sokungena komgwaqo.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi endlini
Ngokuya kweStatistics Austria, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okujwayelekile kwendlu yase-Austrian phakathi kwe-2003 ne-2012 kwehle ngamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye, ukusuka ku-5.000 kuya cishe kumahora we-4.600 kilowatt. Ukwehla okukhulu kunamapayipi omoya we-45 namaphesenti okusakazwa kokusebenza kahle okuqhubekayo, kulandelwa ukubekelwa eceleni ngamaphesenti we-30, izinto ezinkulu ezisebenza ngamaphesenti ama-23 amaphesenti, indawo yokushisa isilinganiso samaphesenti we-18, amaphesenti wamanzi ashushu we-13. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kukhuphule kakhulu ukukhanyiswa nemishini ngamaphesenti we-16, ukupholisa kanye nokuqandisa ngamaphesenti amane, nokupheka ngamaphesenti amathathu

Amandla ampunga ngokokusebenza ngakunye
I-Aluminium: 58 kWh / kg
I-Copper: 26 kWh / kg
Izitini zokwakha (700 kg / m3) 701 kWh / m3
Kukhonkolo okugcizelelwe: (2.400 kg / m3) 1.463 kWh / m3
Uboya obuncane: I-387 kWh / m3
Iselula: 65 kWh / m3
(Umthombo: Amt der Oö. Landesregierung, uMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo)

Ukulondolozwa kwamandla kwe-Lazy
• Izandla zokugeza izandla zidinga amandla angamaphesenti we-50 ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-DHW uma kuqhathaniswa nezitsha zokuwasha.
• Ukupheka nge-lid kusonga kuze kufike kumaphesenti we-30. Isibonelo, uma uletha amalitha wamanzi we-1,5 ngaphandle kwesembozo kubilisa, kuthatha amandla aphindwe kathathu.
• Iziqandisi neziqandisi: musa ukushiya kuvulekile isikhathi eside, buyisela izimbotshana, ungafaki ukudla okushisayo ngaphakathi, gcina ibanga elanele ukusuka odongeni futhi ungabeki eduze kwama-radiators.

Amandla angabonakali

Ukudla okunamabanga amade okuhamba kungenye yezibonelo eziningi zamandla grey. Leli gama libhekisela emandleni asetshenziswa ekwenziweni, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa kanye nokulahlwa kwezimpahla ezingathengwanga ngqo yikhasimende noma ezikhiqizwe yithuluzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Yisidingo samandla angaqondile engahlobene nogesi noma igesi ekhaya.
Amandla empunga awaveli kunoma iyiphi imali kagesi yomthengi, kepha impilo ibaluleke kakhulu. Imikhiqizo eminingi isivele inamanani amakhulu okusebenzisa amandla ku-humps yayo ngaphambi kokuthi siyisebenzise. Njengomthetho wesithupha, i-Federal Statistical Office yaseJalimane yabala: I-euro ngayinye yachitha izimpahla zempahla yabathengi, yabangela ihora elilodwa lamandla we-greyatt.

Ukuhaha kwamandla ompunga

Inani elikhulu kakhulu lamagrey energy acashe ezakhiweni. Ukwakha indlu kudla cishe amandla amaningi njengoba isakhiwo sisebenzisa kamuva e-30 kuze kube seminyakeni eyi-50 edlule. Isizathu sengxenye ekhuphuka njalo yamandla grey ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezihlakazekile, njengoba kwakhiwa imigwaqo nengqalasizinda ngenxa yeminyaka engaphezu kwengxenye yesibili yamandla afihliwe.
Futhi amandla alambile ukukhiqizwa kwemoto. Isebenzisa cishe amahora we-30.000 kilowatt-amahora cishe ukusebenzisa amandla omndeni womndeni isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyishumi.
Kepha ngisho nasendlini amadivaysi ayenenkani ayenobugovu bamandla ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokuhamba. Iziqandisi nemishini yokuwasha zidinga inani elilinganayo lamandla elisebenzisa lapho kukhiqizwa kungakapheli iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.

Okukhulu nokuthi kube khona igebe phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwangempela namandla grey kumadivayisi we-elechnical tech aphezulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwabo sekuvele kukhiqiza amandla amaningi abawasebenzisayo phakathi nesikhathi sabo sokusebenzisa. Ikhompyutha isebenzisa cishe ingxenye yesikhombisa yamandla asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwayo (cishe i-1.000 kWh), i-smartphone cishe kweshumi. Ngamanye amagama, ukukhiqiza i-smartphone kudla cishe amandla ayishumi ngokwesilinganiso esisebenzisa isisetshenziswa kukho konke impilo yakho.

Izidingo zamandla ngemuva kwemikhiqizo yokuphrinta ziphezulu kakhulu. Iphephandaba lidla cishe amahora angama-kilowatt amahlanu futhi lilingana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okufanayo namahora ayisihlanu okugomba, kepha ifundwa ngokwesilinganiso sehhafu yehora ngosuku.

I-fairytale "yesiqandisi esisebenzayo"

Isibonelo esilandelayo sibonisa ukuthi isigaba sokusebenza kwamandla sidlala indima engaphansi lapho umuntu eqhathanisa intengo ephezulu yedivayisi entsha nokonga kwamandla okungenzeka ngayo:
Ifriji efrijini-efrijini ekhishwa ngokukhululekile (eduzane ne-300 ilitha yamanani) ithatha i-1.700 kWh (amahora we-kilowatt) ekilasini A +++ eminyakeni eyishumi. Isigaba esilinganisekayo A ++ sisebenzisa i-2.000 kWh. Ngokuqhathanisa, idivaysi engaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi (amakilasi wokusebenza kwamandla wesikhathi esedlule awaqhathaniswa nanamuhla) idla nge-2.700 kWh. Izindleko zikagesi zingaphezu kwe-500 Euro ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi yokusebenza. Isisetshenziswa se-A +++ sisebenzisa i-300 Euro enhle ngogesi. Lokhu kuphumela ekusindisweni kwe-200 Euro engaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi. Ngokubheka izindleko ezingezekile ezengeziwe (imvamisa zingaphezulu kokuphindwe kabili) zedivayisi ye-A +++ ngokuqhathaniswa ne-A ++, lokhu kubalwa akusebenzi, kepha kufakwa njengenganekwane.

Amandla Grey: Izindlela Zokugwema?

Amandla empunga cishe cishe kuzo zonke izimpahla ezibonakalayo nezingaphatheki esizisebenzisayo, ngakho-ke cishe akunakugwenywa. Imboni izama ukwenza abathengi ngegama elingukhiye elithi "ukusebenza kahle kwamandla" lapho uthenga unembeza ohlanzekile. Kepha ukuze kube nokulinganisa okunamandla kocingo lwensimbi kufanele ulahle okusetshenzisiwe ngenkathi kukhiqizwa futhi uthuthe amandla ompunga, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza nokuphila ebhodweni. Futhi unikezwe ingxenye ephezulu kakhulu yamandla grey kumadivayisi amaningi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuvela esokhethi kuvame ukuba yinto engathandeki.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho uthenga izinto ezintsha zikagesi. Ezimweni eziningi - ikakhulukazi uma ungazidingi njalo - kungahle kube ngcono ukusebenzisa kabusha izinto zasendlini zakudala ukonga amandla ompunga nezinto ezingavuthiwe. I-Swiss Agency for Energy ufanisi, (SAFE) iyinikeza ukwesekwa kwesinqumo: Ukufakwa esikhundleni sedivayisi yeminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa kusebenza kuphela uma ukulungiswa kubiza ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti we-35 entengo yokuthenga yedivayisi entsha. Eminyakeni eyishumi kuyipesenti ze-30 futhi kusuka eminyakeni eyishumi kufanele usebenzise amaphesenti ayishumi njengomkhawulo wobuhlungu. Noma ngumbono wezezimali, ukuthengwa kwemishini emisha yasendlini, kuphela ngenxa yeklasi elisebenzisa amandla amaningi, akulethi izinzuzo (bheka imininingwane ebhokisini elithi "Inganekwane yesiqandisi esisebenza kahle")

Isiphetho: Ngakho-ke isihluthulelo sokugwema amandla grey ukusetshenziswa. Kulabo abagcina imikhiqizo yabo isikhathi eside, imboni ayifane ikhiqize imikhiqizo emisha, nayo eyehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhambisanayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo esindisa amandla kuphela okude nesilondolozi esikhulu samandla, kufanele uguqule ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokuyisisekelo. Lokhu kufaka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukugwema imikhiqizo elahlekayo futhi elahlekayo.

Isizinda samandla emodi yokulinda

Umndeni ophakathi usebenzisa amahora we-170 kilowatt-ngonyaka ngonyaka kumadivayisi alala kumodi yokulinda. Uma empeleni uwathatha kugridi - ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa imichilo yamandla eshintshekayo - ungonga njalo ngonyaka okungenani i-34 Euro. Yonke imindeni e-Austria isebenzisa cishe ama-123 wezigidi zama-euro kokubekwe eceleni, ie amahora we-615 gigawatt. Ngeshwa, lokhu kufana nokukhiqizwa kukagesi konyaka weKaunertal power station, isitoreji samandla wokugcina nesizukulwane esiphakeme kunazo zonke sonyaka e-Austria.

Izibonelo zezindleko kumodi yokulinda:
• Umshini wekhofi ozenzakalelayo ophelele: ama-watts amathathu (enza i-26 kWh ngonyaka noma ama-euro ayisihlanu ngonyaka)
• I-TV ye-LCD: i-watt eyodwa (i-8,7 kWh noma i-1,7 Euro ngonyaka)
• Imodemu + Umzila: ama-watts amahlanu (i-44 kWh noma i-8,7 Euro ngonyaka)
Izibonelo zilinganiselwa, ukusetshenziswa kungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngomenzi kanye nemodeli.

Photo / Video: Ugogo.