Amandla avuselelekayo: lapho kudlulela khona inqubekela phambili

Masikubhekane nakho: Intando yama-Austrian - Amaphesenti we-79 afuna ushintsho lwamandla okushesha (i-GFK, i-2014) - akwanele, lokho okudingayo izinqumo zezepolitiki. Iqiniso lokuthi isabelo samandla avuselelekayo eRiphabhulikhi yase-Alpine manje sakha cishe amaphesenti ama-32, ngoba uJohannes Wahlmüller wenhlangano yezemvelo iGlobal 2000 ikakhulukazi izizathu ezilandelayo: "Umfutho omusha weza e-Austria ngomthetho omusha wokuchibiyela umthetho kagesi we-2012 futhi ngalesosikhathi uqhubeka nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo amandla emvelo. Okwamanje, i-Austria ichitha - ngonyaka - ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-12,8 ekuthengisweni kwamafutha, amalahle negesi. Leyo imali eningi igeleza phesheya futhi ingahlali isebenza e-Austria. "Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kukhona futhi ukuphuthuma kwezomnotho kokulahla ugesi owedlule.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla e-Austria

Enhlanganweni yezambulela iRenewable Energy Austria, inhloso icacile, kusho uJurrien Westerhof: "Sifuna amaphesenti we-100 avuseleleke, amandla ahlanzekile. Akekho ongabazayo ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka - ngamahlathi, imifula nelanga kunamandla anele aluhlaza - uma ngasikhathi sinye esikwazi ukuphatha ukunciphisa imfutho yamandla ezimotweni nasezakhiweni ezingekho esimweni esihle. Izindleko zamandla avuselelekayo zehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ukushisa okuvuselelekayo kuncintisana kakhulu, futhi nogesi ovuselelekayo ubungaqhubeka nemakethe - ukube leyo makethe bekulungile. "

Amanani nezindleko ezifihliwe

Kepha yini enciphisa uhambo lokuya esikhathini esizayo se-Austria? "Uma amanani entengo yamandla wezinto eziphilayo esehla enyuka futhi - njengoba kunjalo namuhla - kukhona ukushoda kwezisusa zokushintshela kumandla avuselelekayo noma ukusebenzisa amandla kancane. Inkinga esemqoka ukuthi izindleko ezifihliwe ze-CO2 azithengiswa ngentengo. Ngoguquko lwentela eco-social olubeka ingcindezi ethe xaxa kumafutha wefulege futhi yehlise ezinye izintela, uhulumeni angakushintsha lokho. Indawo yokuqala engaqala ngayo kube wukuqedwa kwezintela zentela zokuphehla ugesi e-Austria, "kusho uWahlmüller weGlobal 2000. U-Westerhof naye uyibona ngale ndlela: "Inkinga ukuthi amalungelo wokungcoliswa kwe-CO2 wezitshalo ezisebenza ngamalahle cishe acishe abe mahhala, nokuthi izitshalo zamandla enuzi zikhokha okuncane kakhulu uma kuthatha ingozi nokulahla udoti. Lokhu kubanikeza ithuba lokuncintisana emakethe. Ukube bekungenjalo, ugesi ohlanzekile ubungavele ubenamandla amakhulu wodwa. "

Ukusetshenziswa okuphakeme kwasekhaya kwamandla avuselelekayo

Ukuncika okuphezulu kakhulu

Amandla awalingani namandla, kubonakala. Iqiniso ngukuthi, nokho, ukuthi ukuphepha okuhlinzekwayo okubanzi kweYurophu kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Ngaphandle kweNorway (amaphesenti ama -470,2), wonke amazwe e-EU ancike kumaphesenti amakhulu wokungeniswa kwamandla ukufeza izidingo zawo zamandla. Ukuncika kwamandla kubalwa njengokungenisa okuphelele okuhlukaniswe yisamba sokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamandla kwasekhaya kubandakanya isitoreji. E-Austria, ihhovisi lezibalo le-European Union Eustat libonisa iphesenti 2013 lonyaka we-62,3.
Ngenxa yezizathu zezepolitiki,-ke, ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele kwenziwe ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kwaseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, imibuthano enethonya e-EU ibonakala ibona ukuxhaswa okukhulu, okungukuthi, amandla enuzi. "E-Europe, amalahle, igesi kanye nezitshalo zamandla enuzi nazo zixhaswe imali ephindwe kabili kuya kathathu njengoba wonke amandla evuselelekayo ndawonye ngokusabalalisa ngokweqile, kanti nezindleko zezempilo nezemvelo bezingakabhekwa. E-United Kingdom, iKhomishini yaseYurophu isanda kugudluza ngamandla enuzi ngesikhungo sokuphehla amandla enuzi i-Hinkley Point C. Njengoba kusatshalaliswe iminyaka eyi-35, ama-euro angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane zama-170 azosatshalaliswa kumxhaso, "kusho uStefan Moidl, weqembu lesintshisekelo IG IG Windkraft.

Kodwa nase-Austria, futhi, izinto azihambi kahle, uthi uBernhard Stürmer ovela ku-ARGE Kompost & Biogas: “Minyaka yonke, uMnu noNkk Austrian basebenzisa imali engaphezu kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili ekuthengisweni kwamandla kagesi. Umthamo wokuxhasa ugesi ophuma kuma-biogas ucishe ube yizigidi ezingama-50 - kusuka nase-Austria. Isithiyo esikhulu ekwandiseni okuvuselelekayo ukungazi. Izinhlobo zamandla ezimbiwa nazo ziyakhuthazwa e-Austria. Kepha lokho akukho kunoma yisiphi isikweletu futhi akukhulunywa ngaso esidlangalaleni. Njengoba kunamakhefu ezintela angaba yizigidi ezingama-70 anikezwe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amalahle, kungakhiwa izitshalo ezingama-50 ze-biogas.

Ukugcotshwa kwezinsalela

Kepha ngaphandle kwamafutha okugcwala akukhona (okwamanje) ukuthi kungenzeka. Isimo okungenzeka ngaso futhi i-lobby eqinile ngokwezezimali ihlala ikhomba - kuye kokwehla kokugcina kawoyela ongahluziwe. "Yonke indawo izama ukunciphisa ijubane lokushintshwa kwamandla, ukukhuluma kabi nokuvimbela izinguquko ezihlelekile ukuze kukhiqizwe amalahle angcolile kanye namandla enuzi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinkampani ezinkulu zamandla, ekuqaleni ezazibukela phansi amathuba emakethe wamandla avuselelekayo, ziye zatshala kakhulu emikhankasweni ye-PR yokulimaza isithombe somncintiswano ongafuneki. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, le mpikiswano mayelana "nezindleko eziphakeme zamandla avuselelekayo", obekulawula ukubikwa kwezindaba, yimiphumela yale mikhankaso. Kwenziwa nsuku zonke ukufakwa kwama-heater kawoyela. Kepha eminye imikhakha, efana nemboni yamaphepha, eyake yancipha kakhulu ngokhuni olusezingeni eliphansi, bagqugquzela ngokungakhathali ukuncintisana okungafunekiyo kokusebenzisa amandla, ”kusho uChristian Rakos, weProPellets, futhi ubona ukungalingani okukhulu ebudlelwaneni bomphakathi nokwethembeka.

Okuthile futhi okufaka inkinga kubahlinzeki bakagesi, njengoba uWilfried-Johann Klauss we-AAE Naturstrom eqinisekisa: "Njengakuqala, kunokungabaza okukhulu ukushintsha e-Austria. Lokhu kuhlobene neqiniso lokuthi imakethe kagesi we-eco-futhi isebenza kakhulu ngokuqothuka kwamakhasimende, njengemikhiqizo ye-organic. Ngakho-ke, amakhasimende athatha isinqumo sokuhlala nomhlinzeki wesifundazwe ukuze angazibeki engcupheni. Kuyadabukisa, ngoba abahlinzeki abathembekile njengathi bathwele kanzima. "

Ukusetshenziswa kokuqwashisa

Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi okungenangqondo ngokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-Conscious kusho futhi ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla kahle ngokuya ngesicelo. AmaRakos aqhamuka ePropellets anikeza isibonelo: "Ukushisa ngogesi kuyindlela engasebenzi kahle kakhulu yokuhlinzeka ngokushisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ebusika, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kubuswa izitshalo zamandla enuzi kanye namalahle. Ama-800 izigidi zamathani wamalahle ayashiswa unyaka nonyaka ukukhiqiza ugesi eYurophu, inani elingalingani. Isikhungo samandla esisebenza ngamalahle siguqula cishe i-2,5 yama-kilowatt-amahora wamandla asuselwa kumalahle siwenze ihora elilodwa le-kilowatt yamandla kagesi. Ukusebenzisa la mandla ngokushisa kusho ukuthi usebenzise amandla amaningi kunokusebenzisa amandla omlilo aqondile. Yize amaphampu okushisa esebenza kakhulu kunamasistimu wokushisa aqondile, akhiqiza isilinganiso sehora elilodwa likagesi ukukhiqiza amahora we-2,5 kilowatt. Ekugcineni, kepha lokhu akusebenzi kangcono kunokusebenzisa okuqondile komthombo wamandla we-fossil. Amaphampu wokushisa okwamanje ayaphoqwa ngumkhakha wamandla, ngoba athembela emakethe enkulu entsha lapha. Ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo ngokuqinisekile kuyintuthuko eyinkinga. "

Ingqalasizinda yezinkinga

Intando yokushintsha iyimfuneko, ukumelana kuhleliwe, kepha ushintsho lwangempela alukwazi ukuqaliswa kusuka osukwini oluthile kuya kolandelayo. "Ngeshwa, ukwanda kwamandla okuvuseleleka akwanele ukufeza ushintsho lwamandla," uStefan Moidl wase-IG Windkraft ubhekana nenkinga yengqalasizinda ekhona: "Izintambo zikagesi kanye nemakethe kagesi yenzelwe izikhungo zamalahle eziphakathi nendawo. Zombili kufanele zakhiwe kabusha ukuze zihlanzeke kabusha amandla kagesi. Esimweni lapho izinsizakusebenza ezinkulu zibhala izigidigidi zokulahleka, akuyona into elula. Ngale ndlela amandla avuselelekayo kukhulunywa kabi ngawo. Isizathu sisobala. Abasebenza eziteshini zamalahle nezamandla enuzi bakhiqiza ugesi ukuthi ngabe uyadingeka noma cha. Lezi zitshalo zamandla azinakunyakaziswa kalula. Ngakho-ke yonke indawo yamalahle neyamandla enuzi ekhiqiza ugesi iyisithiyo sangempela ekuguqulweni kwamandla. Ngoba lapho ilanga selikhanya futhi nomoya uvunguza, asazi ukuthi uvelaphi namandla amaningi wamalahle nawenuzi. Akukhona nje ukuthi kungcolisa futhi kuyingozi, sekuvele kungamaphutha ngezikhathi ezithile. "

UGudrun Stöger wase-Oekostrom AG naye uyakuqinisekisa lokhu kunzima ukunqoba isithiyo: "Asinankinga ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zamandla - ama-revwables - azemukelwa noma zamukelwa, kodwa ukuthi asithembele emafutheni ezinsalela ezinsizeni ezikhona. Ngoba inkinga yamandla iyinkinga enkulu yengqalasizinda. Futhi ingqalasizinda ekhona ngeke yakhiwe kabusha ngokushesha - kuthatha iminyaka eminingana, uma kungenjalo amashumi eminyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwamandla okubhekisa kabusha kabusha kungenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu e-Austria - lapha, labo ababhekene nomsebenzi kumele bathathe iGermany njengemodeli. "
I-Nachsatz: Kepha lolu shintsho luzokwazi ukwenzeka kuphela uma sinqamula amandla ethu okugcina ngonyaka ka-2050 - hhayi endaweni kagesi kuphela, kepha ikakhulukazi ekushiseni kwezimoto kanye nesikhala. Ngaphandle kwalokho kusebenza kumandla avuselelekayo: "Isibhakabhaka kuphela umkhawulo."

Imibono - Isimo manje emthonjeni wamandla

"Ukwanda kwamandla okuvuseleleka sekuthole umfutho e-Austria eminyakeni yamuva nje. Imbangela umthetho iGreen Electricity Act, onikeze izimo ezinzile kusukela nge2012, uhlinzeka abatshalizimali ngokuphepha abakudingayo. Ikakhulu emandleni omoya nomoya wamandla we-photovoltaic akhuphuka kakhulu, futhi ukushisa okuvela ku-biomass evuselelekayo, ama-pellets kanye nelanga kuphenduka kube yinto engapheli ngoba izindleko zokushisa ziphansi. "
UJurrien Westerhof, Amandla Aphindaphindekayo E-Austria

"Amandla avuselelekayo asevele ephethe amaphesenti we-32,2 wamaphesenti wamandla asetshenzisiwe e-Austria. Lokhu sekuvele kushaqeka eduze kwophawu lwenkomba ye-EU yokuthi i-Austria inyuse inani layo kumaphesenti angu-34 kuya ku-2020. Kuvele umfutho omusha e-Austria nge-Green Electricity Law Amendment 2012 entsha kanye namanani akhuphuka njalo kwamandla we-fossil. "
UJohannes Wahlmüller, iGlobal 2000

"Yize ibhizinisi lethu lomndeni selikhona cishe iminyaka eyi-130, bekungukukhululwa kwemakethe kagesi kuphela ngonyaka we-2000 lapho sakwazi ukwenza emakethe yonke yase-Austrian. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, besilinganiselwe ngokulethwa kwamakhasimende kwigridi yethu encane yamandla wesifunda eKötschach (Carinthia eGail Valley), lapho sikwazile ukuletha cishe nge-650 pantographs. Ukusuka kulokhu kuze kube manje, sikwazile ukunikela ngamandla ethu emvelo kulo lonke elase-Austria, okuholele ekutheni njengamanje sasihlinzeka ngokuqhathaniswa. Abaqokeleli be25.000 nge-AAE Naturstrom. "
UWilfried-Johann Klauss, AAE Naturstrom

I-Biogas

"I-Biogas ingukuphela kobuchwepheshe obukwazi ukukhiqiza amandla nomanyolo kusuka ezinsaleleni zokudla nasekukhiqizeni okuphakelayo. Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha imfucuza kanye nokusetshenziswa okumbaxambili komhlaba wezolimo kungasiza kakhulu emnothweni oyindilinga wendalo. Njengamanje, izitshalo ze-biogas zase-Austrian zikhiqiza cishe u-540 GWh kagesi (cishe amakhaya we-150.000) futhi zinika ukushisa kwe-300 GWh (amalitha ayizigidi ezingama-30 kawoyela wokushisa) kumanethiwekhi endawo okushisa njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-88 GWh biomethane izonikezwa kwigridi ygesi yemvelo. Njengamanje, amandla amaningi awasetshenziswa. I-Biomethane isetshenziswa kangcono njengophethiloli. Ngeshwa, izimoto zikaphethiloli ezisendleleni nentando yokukhokha ngaphezulu kwe-biomethane azikatholakali. "
UBernhard Stürmer, ARGE Kompost kanye neBiogas Austria

Izinkuni namalahle

"E-Austria namuhla siyakwazi ukubhekelela cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zamandla afunekayo ngamandla avuselelekayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni njengomthombo wamandla, kungaba izinkuni, izinkuni noma amapeleti, kudlala indima enkulu lapha ngamaphesenti we-60 wamandla wamandla angavuselelekayo, kulandelwa yi-hydropower enesabelo samaphesenti we-35. E-Europe, futhi, imigomo yokuvelela yeKhomishini yaseYurophu iholele enqubweni yokukhula okukhulu ekusebenziseni amandla avuselelekayo. Impumelelo, kepha, igxilwe kakhulu ekuphethweni kukagesi ngamandla avuselelekayo. Ngokuhlinzekwa kokushisa, okungenani isigamu sezidingo zamandla zase-Europe eziphelele, izinsalela ze-fossil zisasetshenziswa cishe kuphela. "
Christian Rakos, ProPellets

photovoltaics

"Ama-Photovoltaics e-Austria abhekane nokukhuphuka okukhulu kusukela nge2008. Cishe njalo ngonyaka, inani lesikhala liphindwe kabili. Unyaka wamarekhodi ube yi-2013 okwesikhashana, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuxhaswa ngemali okuyisipesheli kwezicelo zezimali ze-pent-up. Ngonyaka we-2015, silindele inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-gigawatt yomthamo ofakiwe. Isinyathelo esinqumayo ekuqhubekeni phambili kokuthuthukiswa kwe-photovoltaics e-Austria kwaba ukwanda okuzuzwe kanzima ekuxolelweni kwentela yokuzisebenzisa ngamahora we-25.000 kilowatt ngonyaka. Ama-Photovoltaics sehlile cishe ngamaphesenti ama-80 selokhu kuqale inkulungwane yeminyaka kanti azofinyelela kumakethe ephelele yokuzisebenzisela ugesi okwenziwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyishumi ezayo. "
UHans Kronberger, e-Photovoltaic Austria

amandla omoya

"Okwamanje, ngaphezu kwama-1.000 turbines at mhepo e-Austria akhipha inani eliphelele le-2.100 MW futhi akhiqize ugesi omningi njengoba kusetshenziswa izigidi zamakhaya ze-1,3. Ngaphesheya kweYurophu, zonke izinjini zomoya sezivele zinikela ngamaphesenti angaphezu kweshumi ukumboza ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, futhi emhlabeni wonke zingaphansi kwamaphesenti amahlanu. Eminyakeni yokugcina ye-15, amandla omoya amaningi akhiwe eYurophu kunazo zonke ezinye izitshalo zamandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komoya ukukhiqiza ugesi sekuye kwaba elinye lamagatsha abaluleke kakhulu embonini yamandla. Lokhu kuya ekudumazeni kwe-e-economis yakudala. Usephuze kakhulu isikhathi, useyazibonela izimpawu zezikhathi manje usehlala ezitshalweni zamalahle ezindala nezingesigesi ezingasasebenzi. "
UStefan Moidl, IG Windkraft

Izinketho - Iziphakamiso eziningi

"Yini esisivimba? Kufanele ngiqale kuphi? Ngaphezu kokuhlela kwendawo kanye nokuhamba kwangasese, iqiniso lokuthi asinalo uhlelo lwentela lwendalo, ukuthi amandla e-lobby yenuzi ngaphakathi kwe-EU asemakhulu kakhulu, intengo yezitifiketi ze-CO2 ihlala iphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulebula okujwayelekile kukagesi kusashoda kulo lonke i-EU. Izimali ezinganele futhi ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe zokuvuselelwa okusha okufana ne-PV namandla omoya e-Austria noma iqiniso lokuthi i-PV isavinjelwe emadolobheni ase-Austrian - izindlu ezingukhiye zemindeni eningi - yenza konke. Ngeshwa, lolu hlu lusenganwetshwa unaphakade. "
UGudrun Stöger, Oekostrom AG

"Izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuqhubekeni nentuthuko kuzoba yizinyathelo zesifunda zokunciphisa ubumbano ezifundazweni zombuso kanye namathuba wokudala izikhungo zamaqembu amaningi. Ukwenza kahle ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwi-Green Electricity Act nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Umkhuba ubheke ekuxhasweni kokutshalwa kwezimali nako ekutshalweni kwemali ngaphezulu kwe-5 kWp. I-Federal Association ye-Photovoltaic Austria ihlose ukwandisa ivolumu ukusuka kumaphesenti we-8 wesabelo sikagesi ukuya kwi-2020 e-Austria. Inselelo enkulu elandelayo ukuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwe-PV nezinhlelo ezifanele zokugcina isitoreji. "
UHans Kronberger, e-Photovoltaic Austria

"I-Energy Renewable Austria idinga ukuthi uHulumeni Wombuso wase-Austrian athathe amasu amasha kagesi - inhloso ephakathi kube ukushintshana ngokuphelele nokunikeza amandla emithonjeni yamandla evuselelekayo kuze kube se2050."
UJurrien Westerhof, Amandla Aphindaphindekayo E-Austria

"Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi izinyathelo ezilandelayo ziguqulwe ngamandla: izitshalo zamalahle nezamandla enuzi asilahlekelwe yilutho ohlelweni lwanamuhla lokuphehla ugesi. Uhlelo oludidiyelwe lokuvalwa kwalezi zitshalo zamandla seludlulile isikhathi eside. "
UStefan Moidl, IG Windkraft

Photo / Video: Ugogo.