Helmut Melzer
IMichigan yakha idolobha elincane elingaba yizigidi eziyishumi zamaMelika eMelika eMelika, kepha akekho noyedwa ohlala khona: "Mcity" ungumuzi wedolobha elilandelayo kodwa isizukulwane esisodwa sezimoto, zonke ezinento eyodwa efanayo: zonke zilawula ngaphandle komshayeli.
Umphakathi wezimoto ezizimele zikagesi, kepha, ungaphezu kwendawo evamile yokuhlola: ihlolwe lapha ngokubambisana nezinkampani eziningi zase-US, ukuxhumana kwabasebenzisi bemigwaqo ehlukene kanye nezimo, kodwa nobuchwepheshe obusha bezokuxhumana kanye nezinto ezintsha.
Okungenani imboni yezimoto yaseJalimane ayicabangi ngokushiya izimoto zikagesi iye kubantu baseMelika - futhi ifuna ukuba ngumshayeli wokuqala ongashayeli esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. "I-V-charge" yigama lokusesha imoto okuzenzakalelayo nge-VW: Ngokuzayo, umshayeli kufanele ehle nje phambi komnyango futhi asebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza. Imoto ayifuni kuphela indawo yokupaka yamahhala ngokwayo, kodwa futhi iyikhokhisa ngokungafanele - okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwentambo - uma ingqalasizinda yokushaja itholakala. Lapho ibhethri ligcwele, imoto ifuna indawo evamile yokupaka.
I-Car Auto: Ukukhanya okusemthethweni komgwaqo kuluhlaza
"I-V-charge" isivele isebenza namhlanje, futhi mayelana nemoto yakwaGoogle esesigabeni sokuhlola esivele ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwesondo eliqhutshwa futhi ngaphandle kwe-accelerator ne-brake pedal. Futhi isisekelo esingokomthetho semoto yemoto sibekwe: Kuze kube manje, i-athikili i-8 yeVienna Convention for Road Traffic yayiphikisana nobuchwepheshe obusha. Lokhu sekushintshiwe: Izinhlelo zokushayela ezizenzakalelayo sezivunyelwe manje uma zingamiswa ngumshayeli nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Kufanele zibonakale kanjani izimoto?
Ngokuvamile, isinali lokuqalisa lemininingwane engenakubalwa liwile elinyakazisa ukubukeka kwemoto. Ukushiywa kwezinjini ezijwayelekile kanye nokuhambisa kudala amathuba angacatshangwa ukuthi izimoto zingakhiwa kanjani. Inkampani yase-US eseMotor Motors, ngokwesibonelo, imane nje yehlise inani lezindawo ngazinye ze-10.000 ezidingekayo ezimotweni ezikhona ezine- "Strati" kuzingxenye ze-50. I-2014 yenziwa umzimba nozimele kuphrinta ye-3D. Ngemuva kwamahora we-44 kuphela i-motor kagesi, amasignali wokujika nezinye izinto ezimbalwa kwakudingeka zifakwe.
Imoto egoqekayo yathuthukiswa yiGrazer eVienna University of Technology. Ngokweqiniso, kuyigudlana lesithuthuthu elingahlalisa abantu abathathu. Uma kunesidingo, ubude bamamitha amathathu bungancishiswa ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ngokucindezela ithayi elingemuva elingaphansi ngaphansi kwekhampasi yabagibeli.
Ucwaningo lwebhethri luyanquma
Ukusebenza ngokuzikhandla nakho kuyingxenye enqunywe kuningi ye-scooter, ibhethri. Kufanele abe mncane futhi alula, kepha ufuna ukwazi ukumboza amabanga amaningi. Izimoto zamanje zikagesi sezivele zidala amakhilomitha ngaphandle kwenkokhiso entsha ngaphezulu kwe-250 - kusekuncane kakhulu ukumela enye into engathengiswa, ngakho-ke kuye kwaqubuka umncintiswano wokuthuthukiswa kwebhethri emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwandisa ubukhulu bamandla, kusetshenziswa i-anode nohlangothi lwe-cathode kanye nama-electrolyte. Isibonelo, ohlangothini lwe-cathode, i-2014 ibilokhu iqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo kumabhethri e-lithiamu-sulfure, okungabizi kakhulu ukwenza nokugcina amandla aphindwe kayishumi kunabhethri abajwayelekile. Obunye ubuchwepheshe obucwaningisiswa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-air, obugcina amandla aphindwe kahlanu kunabhethri banamuhla.
Kodwa-ke, futhi kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi esifushane sokushaja - uma umcabango wokushintshwa kwebhethri yemalimboleko unomphela unganqobi. Isibonelo, i-Renault's Zoe, isivele ithembisa ukukhokhiswa okusheshayo ngamaphesenti we-80 wamanani omthwalo ngehora elilodwa nje.
Kepha ungawakhokhela kanjani amandla we- "fueled"? Futhi, amakhanda asevele ebhema. Ngokubambisana nesiKhwama Sezulu Nezamandla, iphrojekthi ye-SMILE njengamanje ihlola uhlobo oluzosebenzisa, oluhlanganisa imininingwane eminingi, ukubhuka, nohlelo lokukhokha futhi luxhumanise nezinsizakalo zezimoto zikagesi ngamunye nezo zokuhamba zomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kumele kunikezwe uhlelo lolwazi kanye nenkokhelo yokukhokhela zonke izinhlobo zezithuthi ezizimele.
Umthengi we-Factor
Vele, ukwamukelwa kwabasebenzisi besikhathi esizayo kuyasinquma ekuthuthukiseni ithrafikhi entsha yemvelo yomuntu ngamunye. I-Frauenhofer Institute ngakho-ke yenze inhlolokhono ngezimoto zikagesi. Umphumela: Ngokumelana nemoto kagesi njengamanje ikhuluma ukuthi izindleko zokutholwa ziphezulu kakhulu (amaphesenti we-66), ukuthi umbuso kumele uxhase kuqala ukuthengisa (amaphesenti we-63) nokuthi izimoto zikagesi kumele zibe namandla amakhulu njengezimoto ezijwayelekile (amaphesenti we-60). Amaphesenti we-46 aze acabange (namanje) ukuthi izimoto zikagesi azikwazi ukuthatha indawo izimoto zamanje. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yesizathu esilandelayo: Amaphesenti we-61 athi azi okuncane mayelana ne-electromobility.
izimoto kagesi
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ama-motors kagesi aqala ukuguqula umhlaba ngokuzinza. Futhi into eyodwa isivele icacile: Ukushintshela emotweni kagesi akufiki ngobusuku, okungenani kungenzeki ezweni le-Alpine. Ekupheleni kwe-2014, izimoto ezingama-4.7 ezigidini zesigaba M1 zabhaliswa e-Austria, izimoto zakwa-3.386 (amaphesenti angama-0,07 inani lezabelo) zahamba ngogesi wamabhethri kuphela - okungenani ukwenyuka kuye ku-2013 ngamaphesenti we-63,6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe izindawo zokushaja ze-1.700 ezivela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene e-Austria njengamanje zitholakala emphakathini.
Umgijimi ongaphambili waseYurophu iNorway ikhombisa ukuthi ingayenza ngendlela ehlukile ngezimoto zikagesi ezisanda kubhaliswa ze-18.000 ngonyaka we-2014 (amaphesenti we-130). Isizathu sokuthandwa: Abathengi be-e-car bagcina i-XATUM ye-VAT yamaphesenti, imali yokubhalisa, imisebenzi yokungenisa kanye nokwenza inkambiso nentela ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhokhi imali ekhokhwayo, bavunyelwe ukukhuphuka ngamaphampu womphakathi mahhala futhi bathole ukubuyiselwa kwentela izibonelelo zeminyaka ephakeme, ngaphezu kwalokho e-izimoto zingasebenzisa imigwaqo yamabhasi nepaki mahhala. Kuzwakala kanjalo? Ngokuguqulwa kwentela i-25 futhi nase-Austria izisusa kufanele zifike.
Kuze kube yi-2020, i-Austria ifuna ukufeza isabelo se-electromobility emikhunjini yemoto isiyonke yamaphesenti amahlanu.Ukuphawula ngemoto kagesi
"Sibona izimoto zikagesi njengethuba lokunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wezemvelo emkhakheni wezokuthutha kanye nokuncika kokufakwa kwamandla kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri angadlala indima njengesitoreji kugridi yamandla. Ngakho-ke, sethemba ukuthi i-electromobility izokwenzeka, futhi ukuthuthuka kwamanje ngokuqinisekile kuyizizathu zokuqiniseka. Uma izimoto zikagesi empeleni zidlula, khona-ke kuthatha inani elithile lokuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngoba ukuncishiswa kwezindleko kwamanje nakho kuthatha ingozi ngokwayo: kungenzeka impela ukuthi ukushayela ngemoto kagesi umugqa ongezansi kushibhile kakhulu kunokushayela imoto ejwayelekile, ukuthi ithrafikhi inyuka ngisho. Kepha akufanele kwenzeke ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengemoto yesibili edolobheni, noma zenze imoto eshibhile yokuncintisana yokuncintisana yezitimela, ngoba ngokubuka kohlelo jikelele, lokhu bekungeke kulunge. Ikakhulu edolobheni kunezindlela ezanele ezonga isikhala ngokuqhathaniswa nemoto - ukuze izindawo zomphakathi emadolobheni ziphinde zibe yindawo yokuhlala, esikhundleni sokuthi zisebenze njengezindawo zomgwaqo. Ngoba ngisho nezimoto zikagesi zidinga isikhala, ukushayela, namaphesenti angu-90 wesikhathi sokupaka. Ngokufanelekile, izimoto zikagesi kufanele zihambe lapho izithuthi zomphakathi zingasebenzi khona ngenxa yenani eliphansi labagibeli - emhlabeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka futhi ukucabanga ngezindlela zokulawula, hhayi okungenani ukuze kunxephezelwe imali etholakalayo evela entela kawoyela yamaminerali ngakho-ke umnikelo wezindleko zokulungiswa komgwaqo. Kepha akukabi manje. Into yokuqala edingekayo manje ukwehlisa izindleko zebhethri nokwenyuka kwebanga, nokuphendula umbuzo wokuthi ungazihlanganisa kanjani kahle izimoto kugridi. "
UJurrien Westerhof, Amandla Aphindaphindekayo E-Austria"Ukutholakala kwamaphuzu we-e-charger kubhekwa njengesihluthulelo sokusheshisa ukusakazeka kwe-electromobility. Ngohlelo lokunwebeka kanye nokuxhumana kwengqalasizinda yesiteshi sokushaja, iWien Energie inika iWitterener Stadtwerke umfutho onqumayo ekusetshenzisweni okuzinzile komnotho nokusimeme kwezomnotho. Esifundeni semodeli yaseVienna, njengamanje ungaphinde ubeke kabusha amabhethri akho ezindaweni eziseduze ne-350. Ekupheleni konyaka, kuzoba namakhono wokukhulisa amandla we-400. "
UThomas Irschik, IVi Energy Energy"Ukuhamba ngakunye kuphakathi kwezinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu emashumini eminyaka, futhi i-electromobility idlala indima ebalulekile. Izimoto ezisebenza nge-E-drive zihamba buthule futhi zingahanjiswa, zingamandla okushayela ukuthi kuncishiswe ukukhipha igesi komoya abamba ukushisa futhi ngenxa yalokho zinomthelela omkhulu ekuvikelekeni kwesimo sezulu. Ngokwaphesheya, okuningi kutshalwa imali ekuthuthukiseni lobu buchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwawo ohlelweni olukhona - okuyindlela i-Austria ezinikele futhi enesibindi ngayo. "
Ingmar Höbarth, isimo sezulu kanye nesikhwama samandla"Ukuhamba ngezimoto kungenye yezinto ezihamba phambili ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, abathengi abakhulu kunabo bonke bezimbiwa futhi ngomunye wemikhakha emikhulu yokusebenzisa amandla. Ezinhlelweni eziningana, i-Lower Austria isizibekele umgomo wokwehlisa ithrafikhi ngayinye noma ukuyenza isebenze kakhudlwana. Ukufinyelela lezi zinhloso kudinga, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhushulwa kokuhamba okuningana kwemvelo, okusho ukuxhumanisa ezokuthutha kwangasese kanye nenethiwekhi yezemvelo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkhuba owandayo wokwabelana nengqalasizinda, izindlela zokuhamba nezokuvakasha. I-Electromobility idlala indima ebalulekile lapha. "
UHerbert Greisberger, I-Ejensi Yezamandla Nezemvelo Lower Austria
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
