Unina wemifino e-organic

Ngaphambi nje kokuba iSt Leonhard eningizimu yeWaldviertel isengeji esingajwayelekile, esihloniphayo size phezu kwami. Okungilindele kubaluleke kakhulu - kepha lokhu kungabonakala kuphela lapho umuntu ecabanga ngakho okuncane: ngaphesheya komkhawulo wokuqonda komphakathi, inkampani iReinSaat ibeka isisekelo sokuthi kungaba khona nemifino ye-organic e-Austria ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu. Lapha, kukhiqizwa imbewu ye-organic ne-Demeter. Ukudla okunempilo nokunempilo kwemvelo. Ngaphandle kwaleso sinjiniyela sofuzo. Futhi ikakhulukazi ukulondolozela ukwehluka kwalezo zilimo eziye zahlala zisindiswa ngumuntu.
"Cishe sikhohlwe ukuthi yini okusondlayo," isikhulu sakwaReinSaat uReinhild Frech-Emmelmann uveza ukulahleka kwethu kokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwemvelo. Umlimi wembewu nomvuseleli usigcina sisenzela lokho - ngaphandle kokuqiniseka: "Njengomvunisi kufanele athwale. Ukuhlinzeka ngokudla kanye nenhlala-kahle yabantu. Ngoba uma inambitha, kuhle. "

Imibhikisho yokulwa nobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo

Ukushintshwa kwendawo ePhilippines: Abalimi abancane be-415.000 basebenzisa lokhu ukwakha izitshalo ezinkulu eziguqulwe ngofuzo. Kepha akubona bonke abajabule. Kakade i-2013 ibhujiswe emkhakheni wokuhlola ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Ngenkathi i-2015 iheha ama-lobbyists aseCanada "irayisi yegolide" eguqulwe izakhi zofuzo entwasahlobo, ukufudumala kwabalimi kuphinde kwashisa. Kuthiwa irayisi eyisimangaliso imisa ukungondleki kahle komhlaba ngoba iguquliwe ukuze ikhiqize i-betot carotene ethe xaxa, eguqulwa ibe yi-Vitamin A emzimbeni. Kepha lokhu kungaphezulu kakhulu kwelitshe, kusho uChito Medina wenethiwekhi yembewu yasemakhaya iMasipag: "Ukuntuleka kweMicronutrient kwenzeka kakhulu ezinganeni eziqhamuka emindenini ehlwempu engakwazi ukuthola ukudla okulingene. Ngakho-ke i-Gold Rice ayisona isixazululo, esikhundleni salokho laba bantu badinga ukufinyelela kwizinsizakusebenza. "Iphuzu elibalulekile: Izinkampani zembewu ye-GM ziqinisekisa abathengi bazo, ukuthi kusuka ezitshalweni ezivunwe akukho mbewu elusizo ingavela. Ngakho-ke, imbewu entsha kufanele ithengwe njalo ngonyaka futhi imali yobunikazi ikhokhwe. Imali eningi yabalimi abampofu basePhilippines.

Ukuncika namandla

"Ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo kuncike kakhulu. Imayelana nelungelo lokuzimela. Ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo bunqunywe ngokusemthethweni ePhilippines. Cishe amaphesenti ama-100 ezinhlobo zomdabu (ngaphandle kwethonya lomuntu, izitshalo zemvelo nezithuthukisiwe esifundeni, inothi d. Red.) Zilahlekile, "kuchaza uFrech-Emmelmann ngengozi yangempela yobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo - ngaphandle kwezinkinga zempilo ezingachazwanga.
Noma kunjalo, izindawo ezitshalwa ngezitshalo eziguqulwe ngofuzo ziyanda. I-2014 ikhule ngamaphesenti amathathu emhlabeni wonke yaya kumahekitha ayizigidi ezingama-181, isuka ezigidini eziyisithupha ngaphezulu kwe-2013. Okunye ukukhathazeka kwamuva nje ukuthi izosetshenziswa i-biotechnology entsha ukwethula i-genetic engineering engasatholakali.

I-ReinSaat: Izinkulungwane zeminyaka zokuthi ukwazi kanjani

Cishe kunganakwa, enye yezimpumelelo zokuqala zesintu isongela ukukhohlwa: IMillennia edlule, abantu abasezingeni eliphakeme lokuphayona bathole ulwazi lokutshala nokutshala izitshalo. "Amandla akhona, bekufanele nje aqhamuke emvelweni," kuchaza uchwepheshe kaReinSaat. Isaladi lesibonelo: "Sinala makhasi athambile, amnandi avela kwi-rosette yesitshalo. Wakhiqizwa ukuze enze ama broker hhayi ukuthi axoshwe ngokushesha. Ukuma esigabeni sobusha besitshalo. Kuphela lokho kuvumela ukukhiqizwa okunempilo. ISamenbauer noma umfuyi ngaphambili yayingumsebenzi wokuqeqeshwa ofanele futhi yaze yafundiswa nasemanyuvesi. Ngeshwa, akusenjalo. "
Ubuchwepheshe, Amadolobha, Ukuthengwa Kwabasebenzisi - Izinto eziningi zisikhiphe kude nemvelo. Kepha kunezizathu ezinhle zokuthi kungani imbewu ikhiqizwa ngokwemvelo, ngokwemvelo nangokwesifunda. Ngezizukulwane zezitshalo, izici ezikhethiwe zidluliselwa kusuka kumzali ziye kwisitshalo samantombazane. Lokhu kwavumela izinhlobo ukuba zihambisane nezimo zemvelo futhi zizinza ngokwengeziwe. Imbewu ehambelana nayo ibizwa nge- "seed-proof".

“Umthengi akazi nokuthi uthola yiphi imifino ephilayo. Imifino evela embewini eyi-hybrid ayilebuli. ”, UReinh Frech-Emmelmann, ReinSaat, ngemifino ephilayo.

Imbewu ye-organic vs. hybrid

Lokhu kuhluke ngokuphelele kuma-nzalo (ukuhlonza i-F1). Ngaphandle kokuxubana ngofuzo, lezi zitshalo ziwela ku-inbred ukufezekisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-heterosis effect: ukukhulisa izingxenye zokuzalela, okuholela ekuvuneni okungcono kwezitshalo. Umphumela obulalayo: Imininingwane yezakhi zofuzo ezinhlamvwini eziphumayo zihlakazeka ngokungafanele futhi ilahlekelwe yizimpawu zesitshalo sikamama. Ezilimeni eziningi ezinjenge-rapeseed noma i-rye, isabelo se-hybrid emazweni akhuluma isiJalimane selivele ladlula amaphesenti we-50.
Ukwehlukahlukana okuhlukahlukene kusengozini, kuqinisekisa uReinschaat's Frech-Emmelmann: "Uma sikhula izinhlobo ezidinga amanzi amancane, noma izinhlobo ezakha uhlelo olude lwezimpande, lokho-ke inqubekela phambili. Kepha uma kukhiqizwa inzalo minyaka yonke, akukho nqubekela phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo. Inhlanyelo yembewu kungenzeka inganikeli isivuno esikhulu, kepha ukuvikeleka kwesivuno okubaluleke kakhulu. "
Ngokunikezwe lokhu, umthengi oqondayo ngokuqinisekile angagwema imifino e-hybrid - uma bekunokwenzeka. Kepha okuphambene nalokho: Izimpahla eziningi ezi-hybrid zithengiswa ngaphandle njengemifino ye-organic. "Umthengi akazi ukuthi uthini. Imifino evela embewini e-hybrid ayibhalwe, "kugxeka umphathi weReinSaat.

Imifino ye-organic: Izinhlobo ze-80 ezizenzele

Ukwehluka ngomqondo owonqenqemeni kuvumela abakhiqizi bezimbewu eziphilayo - futhi nangempumelelo entsha yokuzalanisa. UReinhild Frech-Emmelmann ngokuziqhenya uveza "uJessica" wakhe, ongumphumela wokuzalela iqhaza ekubambisaneni nomlimi wase-Eferding. Uthole ngaphansi kokutshala kwakhe ama-chard efaneleke kahle inhloso yakhe yezitshalo futhi wathumela iReinSaat ngokuzalanisa. Ngaleso sikhathi, uJessica "usekhulile" nezinhlobonhlobo ezincane zeshadi enamaqabunga ansundu, ukunambitheka okuhle neziqu ezimhlophe. Ubukeka njengePak Choi enkulu futhi uqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezihamba kahle ze-mangold zokuhamba. Sekuyiminyaka eyishumi uFrech-Emmelmann efuya futhi ehlakulela uhlobo oluncane: "Kufanele uthande izitshalo - ubuhle besitshalo. Ukusebenza ngomongo wesitshalo kusho ukubuyisa ngokuphelele njengomuntu ongumuntu. "

Mayelana nokutshala okuhlanzekile:

Ngonyaka we-1992, i-Initiative Group for Vegetable Seed from Bio-dynamic Cultivation yasungulwa e-Austria ngemodeli yeSwitzerland neJalimane. Ekuqaleni, ngezinga elincane, umbuthano ozinikele wabhekana nokuzalaniswa kwe-biodynamic.
I-1998 yabe isithatha isinyathelo esilandelayo: Ukusungulwa kwenkampani iReinSaat njengomkhiqizi futhi okhiqiza imbewu ye-organic neDemeter yabakhiqizi abakhulu bemifino ehlukahlukene, abathengisi abaqondile (isitolo samapulazi kanye nabashayeli bemakethe ngokulima kwabo) nabalimi abasebenza ngokuzijabulisa. Okwamanje, amapulazi e-30 ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zase-Austria nase-EU akhula ngembewu, ngokwengxenye yi-biodynamic kanti ngokwengxenye i-organic organic.
Ipulazi lomfuyi uReinhild Frech-Emmelmann, inhliziyo yenkampani iReinSaat itholakala eningizimu yeWaldviertel - eSt Leonhard am Hornerwald. Ukusuka lapha, imbewu iyathunyelwa, kepha futhi ukwelashwa nokuhlanza nokuhlola ikhono lokuhluma.
Uhla lweReinSaat lubandakanya imifino e-organic, izimbali, amakhambi kanye nomquba oluhlaza futhi ikhule ngokuqinile eminyakeni yamuva. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zayo ezintsha, iReinSaat ibuye ithengise izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo ezinamandla ezivela eJalimane naseSwitzerland, futhi isimise uhla lwayo lokuthola imali ngokubambisana noMkhumbi kaNowa. Izinhlobo ze-450 ezizungeze imifino ezitshaliwe zigcinwa futhi zikhiqizwe, kanti izinhlobo zeParadeisern kuphela ze-70 zikukhathalogi.
Imifino eminingi yamaDemeter nemvelo emakethe ikhiqizwa kusuka embewini emsulwa, kufaka phakathi uHofer (upelepele oxubile noParadeiser) noJa Natürlich (Rewe).

Photo / Video: Ugogo.